RESUMEN
Background@#Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults and is characterized by poor prognosis. Immune evasion occurs via programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) interaction. Some malignant tumors have responded to PD-L1/PD-1 blockade treatment strategies, and PD-L1 has been described as a potential predictive biomarker. This study discussed the expression of PD-L1 and CD8 in glioblastomas. @*Methods@#Thirty cases of glioblastoma were stained immunohistochemically for PD-L1 and CD8, where PD-L1 expression in glioblastoma tumor tissue above 1% is considered positive and CD-8 is expressed in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. The expression of each marker was correlated with clinicopathologic parameters. Survival analysis was conducted to correlate progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with PD-L1 and CD8 expression. @*Results@#Diffuse/fibrillary PD-L1 was expressed in all cases (mean expression, 57.6%), whereas membranous PD-L1 was expressed in six of 30 cases. CD8-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD8+ TILs) had a median expression of 10%. PD-L1 and CD8 were positively correlated (p = .001). High PD-L1 expression was associated with worse PFS and OS (p = .026 and p = .001, respectively). Correlation of CD8+ TILs percentage with age, sex, tumor site, laterality, and outcomes were statistically insignificant. Multivariate analysis revealed that PD-L1 was the only independent factor that affected prognosis. @*Conclusions@#PD-L1 expression in patients with glioblastoma is robust; higher PD-L1 expression is associated with lower CD8+ TIL expression and worse prognosis.
RESUMEN
Background: multiple myeloma [MM] is a malignant neoplasm of plasma cells that accumulate in bone marrow leading to bone destruction and marrow failure. Multiple myeloma accounts for about 1.8% of all cancers and slightly over 17% of all the hematologic malignancies in the United States. It is more common in men and for unknown reasons
Objective: this study aims at analysis the epidemiological data of the patients treated from multiple myeloma at Ain Shams University together with reviewing the different lines of management according to recent recommendations
Patients and Methods: this retrospective analysis of 62 patients with multiple myloma data recorded at their files with follow up and reviews of the recent advances in the management of multiple myeloma
Results: we found that 96.8% of patients showing clinical improvement after treatment on other hand only 3.2% deteriorated, 61.35 of patients were alive, 9.7% died and 29% lost follow up, the mean time to DFS was 22.55 months, mean OS was 63.2 months with 87.8% of patients survived at the end of the study, as regard mean PFS was 54.9 months with PFS at end of study was 74.9% of patients, there was insignificant differences between OS and demographic data, laboratory studies, there was insignificant differences between PFS and demographic data, laboratory studies
Conclusion: Multiple myeloma [MM] is a heterogeneous hematologic malignancy involving the proliferation of plasma cells derived by different genetic events contributing to the development, progression, and prognosis of this disease