RESUMEN
Background: Hydrocele is among the commonest benign conditions of scrotum. Its incidence is around 1% in adult male population with a predilection for males above 40 years of age. Conventional surgical procedures like Jaboulays Eversion of Sac (EOS) and Lords plication of redundant tunica vaginalis remain the most commonly used procedures used in the treatment of idiopathic adult hydrocele. Both procedures are invasive and are associated with durable success and low incidence of recurrence. These procedures are however associated with many post-operative complications like pain, hematoma, infection, persistent swelling and induration of scrotal skin, wound related complications, chronic pain and reduced fertility. All these translate into high morbidity, loss of work hours and increased surgical expenses. To avoid / minimize these complications associated with plication or excision of the redundant hydrocele sac fenestration has been proposed as a minimal access procedure. Fenestration exposes the secretory surface of the tunica vaginalis sac to the lymphatic-rich subcutaneous tissues, from where the hydrocele fluid is cleared off the scrotal cavity. Methods: The present study was carried out in the Department of General Surgery, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard during the time period of June 2014 - December 2015. 120 patients of primary vaginal type hydrocele with ASA grade 1 were randomly allocated into two groups of 60 patients each – one group for the Mini-Hydroceletomy MiH-(Group A) and the other group for routine Jaboulays EOS (Group B). All the patients were followed up for a period ranging from 6-18 months. Results: Mean age of patients was 42 years for jabouleys and 45 for mini hydrocelectomy group. Mean hydrocele volume for Group A was 240 ml and for group B was 252 ml. Average time for the procedure in group A was 10-12 min (mean 11min) and for group B was 25 -30min (mean 27min). In Group A, Average incision length was 2.1 cm whereas in Group B it was 5.4 cm. Conclusions: We hereby present our experience that mini-hydrocelectomy (MiH) technique to be the procedure of choice for medium sized uncomplicated hydroceles.
RESUMEN
Background: Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia are intestinal parasites that predominantly causes "waterborne" infections that are transmitted through consumption of contaminated water. Both parasites typically cause an acute short-term infections with selflimiting diarrhea as the main symptom in people with intact immune systems. However, in immunocompromised individuals, the symptoms are particularly severe and might be fatal. Methods: The study was carried out in District Bannu Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan for the detection of G. lamblia and C. parvum parasites in drinking water in different villages/localities (Kakki, Jamon Road, Kotka Juma Khan, Sokari, Mandan and Bannu City). Water samples n=75 were collected from different water sources between 1st August 2011 to 30th January 2012. These samples included tap, pond, borewell and hand pump water that were filtrated and residue was subjected to amplify by PCR. Results: Overall prevalence of parasites was 36% (25/75), containing tap 17.64% (9/51) and pond water 75% (6/8), bore well water 41.66% (5/12) and hand pump water 50% (2/4). Similarly over all prevalence rate of tap water for C. parvum was 7.84% (4/51) while for G. lamblia was 9.80% (5/51) positive. The present study revealed that the people of the area should use the cleaned and filtered water. Conclusion: Contamination of water with G. lamblia and C. parvum was found in water sources especially the drinking ones, of District Bannu which need proper water treatment to decontaminate and large scale studies are needed.
RESUMEN
Production of β-xylosidaseby a cycloheximide and 2-deoxy-D-glucose-resistant mutant of Kluyveromyces marxianus PPY125 was studied when cultured on growth media containing galactose, glucose, xylose, cellobiose, sucrose and lactose as carbon sources. Xylose, cellobiose, lactose and sucrose were the key substrates. Both K. marxianus PPY125 and its mutant (M 125) supported maximum β-xylosidase specific product yield (Y P/X) following growth on xylose. Basal level of activity was observed in non-induced cultures grown on glucose. The mutant produced 1.5 to 2-fold more β-xylosidase than that produced by the wild cells. Synthesis of β-xylosidase was regulated by an induction mechanism in both wild and mutant cells. Addition of glucose did not inhibit the synthesis of β-xylosidase in both parental and mutant cultures in the presence of corn steep liquor. Partially purified enzyme showed good stability when incubated at 60ΊC and was quite stable at pH 5.0-7.0. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the enzyme derived by the mutant M125 was more thermostable as evidenced by higher midpoint inactivation temperature, lower activation energy demand for β-xyloside hydrolysis, as well as lower enthalpy and entropy demand for reversible denaturation of enzyme.