RESUMEN
Aim: The aim of the present study was to explore the bacterial composition in subgingival plaque of females with periodontitis during pregnancy and menopause stages using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene pyrosequencing approach.Methodology: Subgingival plaque was collected from four woman volunteers (healthy, periodontitis, periodontitis at pregnancy and periodontitis at menopause). The microbial community composition was analyzed by 454/Roche GS FLX chemistry pyrosequencing approach using the variable (V1-V3) region of the 16S rRNA gene. Pyrosequencing reads were sorted to get the clean reads that were annotated against the EzBioCloud data base for taxonomic classification. Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were assigned and shared, and subsequently identified using CLCOMMUNITY software. Results: Pyrosequencing yielded 13,939 sequences comprising of 13 phyla, 124 genera, and 372 species. The predominant microbial phyla in subgingival plaque of all woman volunteers included Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. In the healthy volunteer, Streptococcus (52.4%) formed the predominant genus while in woman with periodontitis Streptococcus (24.6%) and Fusobacterium (11.7%) predominated. In the periodontitis volunteer with pregnancy, the predominant genus included Streptococcus (25.8%) and Fusobacterium (22.4%), whereas volunteer with menopause, the gingivitis was associated with genus Alloprevotella (19.5%), Leptotrichia (14.3%), Fusobacterium (12.3%), and Porphyromonas (12.0%). Interpretation: This study proves on preliminary basis that the subgingival microbiome of woman with periodontitis at pregnancy or menopause tend to differ from that of healthy woman, and these species included certain periodontal pathogens such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis
RESUMEN
Bitemporal hemianopia is a significant pathological hallmark of a pituitary lesion; however, binasal hemianopia is rarely reported, except for its known association with other ocular diseases rather than with brain lesions. We report a 24-year-old male with binasal hemianopia caused by pneumosinus dilatans of the sphenoid sinuses.
RESUMEN
Purpose: To investigate subsequent strabismus surgeries in patients with no prior medical record and to evaluate discrepancies between surgical findings and preoperative presumptions made based on patient self-reporting and clinical findings. Methods: The medical records of patients who underwent a subsequent strabismus surgery between January 1992 and October 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with no available medical records were included in analyses. Discrepancies between preoperative presumptions and surgical findings were investigated. Original ocular alignment and previous surgical details were presumed using alternative methods, including patient self-reporting, review old photographs of patient, and checking conjunctival scarring. Results: Eleven consecutive patients (4 females, 7 males) met the inclusion criteria. The mean age at subsequent surgery was 47.7 years (range, 23–69). Seven patients had exotropia and four patients had esotropia before the subsequent surgery. Seven patients reported originally having exotropia and four patients reported originally having esotropia. However, findings from surgical exploration did not agree with preoperative presumptions from patient self-reporting in 7 of 11 patients (7/11, 63.6%). These discrepancies included errors in the original type of strabismus (7/11, 63.6%), which eye was previously operated on (1/11, 9.1%), and number of prior surgeries (1/11, 9.1%). Conclusion: When planning a subsequent strabismus surgery in patients with no prior medical record, information obtained from the patient should be used with caution. This includes the original type of strabismus and previous surgical details.
RESUMEN
Isolated schwannomas of motor nerves to extraocular muscles are uncommon. In addition, most previous studies on oculomotor nerve schwannoma discuss adult patients, and pediatric cases are rare. We report a 10-year-old girl who developed recurrent oculomotor nerve palsy caused by schwannoma without any vascular malformation. Although the incidence is rare in pediatric patient, the recurrent isolated oculomotor nerve palsy due to schwannoma can develop, and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ocular motility disorders in pediatric patients. Careful imaging evaluation is needed to identify schwannoma due to its small size, deep location in the brain, and rarity.