Alteração do estado emocional de professores da educação básica brasileira / Change in the emotional state of teachers in the Brazilian basic education

O presente estudo avaliou a associação da saúde mental com fatores do ambiente de trabalho de professores brasileiros. Para tanto, foram aplicados um questionário semiestruturado com questões socioeconômicas e o Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale para 499 professores, recrutados por meio do Facebook e Instagram. Desses, 391 eram do gênero feminino e 108 do masculino. Verificou-se que 32,7% apresentaram escore indicativo de improvável quadro de ansiedade; 26,8% possível e 40,5% provável. Por outro lado, 45,1% exibiram escore de improvável depressão; 31,5% possível e 23,4% provável. Foi identificado que ser do gênero feminino interferiu negativamente nos escores de ansiedade e depressão (p<0,001); assim como a inadequação e insatisfação com a renda (p<0,001); a classificação como péssimo ou regular ambiente de trabalho (p<0,001); o espaço físico inadequado (p<0,001); ter sofrido violência provocada pelos estudantes ou seus respectivos pais (p<0,001). Além disso, trabalhar por um tempo ≥40 horas (p=0,030) foi indicativo de maior ansiedade. Muitos professores brasileiros sofrem com quadros de ansiedade e depressão e fatores controláveis interferem diretamente. Sugere-se que o poder público e os proprietários de escolas privadas intervenham nesses contextos para evitar o colapso da saúde desses profissionais.

The present study evaluated the association between mental health and work environment factors among Brazilian teachers. In order to achieve that, a semi-structured questionnaire with socioeconomic questions and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were applied to 499 teachers, recruited through Facebook and Instagram. Among these, 391 were female and 108 were male. It was found that 32.7% had an improbable anxiety score; 26.8% possible and 40.5% probable. On the other hand, 45.1% had an improbable depression score; 31.5% possible and 23.4% probable. It was identified that being female had a negative effect on anxiety and depression scores (p<0.001); as well as inadequacy and dissatisfaction with income (p<0.001); work environment classified as poor or regular (p<0.001); inadequate physical space (p<0.001); having suffered violence caused by students or their respective parents (p<0.001). Furthermore, working for 40 hours or else (p=0.030) was indicative of greater anxiety. Many Brazilian teachers suffer from anxiety and depression and controllable factors interfere directly. It is suggested that public authorities and private school owners intervene in these contexts to prevent the health of these professionals from collapsing.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and adiposity index are sensitive methods to evaluate central fat accumulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal body mass index

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to determine the differences in body fat distribution and central obesity indicators using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), adiposity indices, and anthropometric indices between women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Materials and methods: Clinical and laboratory examination history, including transvaginal ultrasound, fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements, and DXA scans were conducted in 179 women with PCOS (PCOS group) and 100 without PCOS (non-PCOS group). The volunteers were grouped by body mass index (BMI): normal (18-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2), or obese (>30 kg/m2). The visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) were calculated, regions of interest (ROIs) were determined, and the fat mass index (FMI) was calculated using DXA. Results: VAI, LAP, ROIs, FMI, and adiposity indices by DXA were higher in women with PCOS and normal BMI. In both PCOS and non-PCOS groups, the ROIs progressively increased from normal BMI to overweight and obese, and from overweight to obese. Obese women with PCOS showed high trunk fat mass. However, obesity was not able to modify these trunk/periphery fat ratios in PCOS from overweight to higher BMI. These variables were associated with the incidence of PCOS. Conclusion: In women with PCOS and normal BMI, both DXA and the adiposity indices, VAI and LAP, are more sensitive methods to evaluate total body fat and fat accumulation in the central abdominal region. It was also observed that as BMI increased, the differences in measurements between women with and without PCOS decreased.

Association of measures of central fat accumulation indices with body fat distribution and metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the associations among visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), body fat percentage (%), and android/gynoid ratio (A/G ratio) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and verify if the parameters representative of visceral obesity correlate with and exhibit the same frequency as body composition variables; anthropometric indices; and metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory parameters. Subjects and methods This was a cross-sectional study that included 94 women with PCOS. Hormonal, metabolic, and inflammatory parameters were analyzed in all women. Free androgen index (FAI) and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), as well as LAP, VAI, and anthropometric indices, were calculated. The regions of interest (ROIs) in body composition and body composition indices were evaluated using a dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Overall, 32 variables were selected as markers of body fat distribution. Results Among the 32 markers evaluated, 29 correlated with LAP, whereas 25 correlated with VAI, 19 with body fat (%), and 30 with A/G ratio. Additionally, some markers correlated with the four adiposity indices evaluated: ROIs, except for total mass and leg fat (%); body composition (body mass index, waist circumference, and hip circumference) indices; fasting insulin; and C-reactive protein. Conclusion LAP and VAI may be sensitive measures for screening and preventing metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in PCOS, with LAP being more sensitive than VAI, and the A/G ratio may be more sensitive than body fat percentage.

Quality of Life in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome after a Program of Resistance Exercise Training / Qualidade de vida emmulheres com síndrome de ovários policísticos após um programa de treinamento de exercício resistido

Abstract Purpose Aerobic exercises may improve quality of life (QoL) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, there is no data on the effect of resistance exercise training (RET) programs on the QoL of women with PCOS. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of a 16-week RET program on QoL in PCOS women. Methods This 16-week case-control study enrolled 43 women with PCOS (PCOS group, PCOSG) and 51 healthy pre-menopausal controls aged 18 to 37 years (control group, CG). All women underwent a supervised RET program for 16 weeks, and were evaluated in two different occasions: week-0 (baseline), and week-16 (after RET). Quality of life was assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Results Testosterone reduced significantly in both groups after RET (p < 0.01). The PCOSG had improvements in functional capacity at week-16 relative to week-0 (p = 0.02). The CG had significant improvements in vitality, social aspects, and mental health at week-16 relative to week-0 (p ≤ 0.01). There was a weak correlation between social aspects of the SF-36 domain and testosterone levels in PCOS women. Conclusion A 16-week RET program modestly improved QoL in women with PCOS.

Resumo Objetivos Exercícios aeróbicos podem melhorar a qualidade de vida (QV) de mulheres com síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP). No entanto, não há dados sobre o efeito de um programa de treinamento de exercício resistido (TER) sobre a QV destas mulheres. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de um programa de TER de 16 semanas na QV em mulheres com SOP. Métodos Estudo caso-controle com 16 semanas de duração, para o qual foram incluídas 43 mulheres com SOP (grupo com SOP, GSOP) e 51 controles saudáveis com received idade entre 18 a 37 anos (grupo de controle, GC). Todas as mulheres foramsubmetidas ao protocolo TER supervisionado por 16 semanas, e foram avaliadas em dois momentos: na semana 0 (linha de base), e na semana 16 (após TER). A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Resultados Houve redução significativa da testosterona emambos os grupos após o TER (p < 0,01). O GSOP obteve significativa melhora na capacidade funcional na semana 16 em relação à semana 0 (p = 0,02). O GC apresentou significativa melhora no escore do domínio vitalidade, aspectos sociais e saúde mental na semana 16 em relação à semana 0 (p ≤ 0,01). Houve uma fraca correlação entre os aspectos sociais de domínio SF-36 e o nível de testosterona em mulheres com SOP. Conclusão a aplicação de um programa de treinamento físico resistido durante 16 semanas resultou em melhora modesta da QV de mulheres com SOP.

Análise de força muscular e composição corporal de mulheres com Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos / Analysis of muscle strength and body composition of women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

OBJETIVOS: Comparar os parâmetros metabólicos, a composição corporal e a força muscular de mulheres com Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos (SOP) em relação a mulheres com ciclos menstruais ovulatórios. MÉTODOS: Estudo caso-controle com 27 mulheres com SOP e 28 mulheres controles com ciclos ovulatórios, com idade entre 18 e 37 anos, índice de massa corpórea entre 18 e 39,9 kg/m², que não praticassem atividade física regular. Níveis séricos de testosterona, androstenediona, prolactina, globulina carreadora dos hormônios sexuais (SHBG), insulina e glicemia foram avaliados. Índice de andrógeno livre (FAI) e resistência insulina (por HOMA) foram calculados. As voluntárias submetidas avaliação de composição corporal por dobras cutâneas e absorciometria de raio X de dupla energia (DEXA) e testes de força muscular máxima de 1-RM em três exercícios após procedimento de familiarização e de força isométrica de preensão manual. RESULTADOS: Os níveis de testosterona foram mais elevados no grupo SOP em relação ao CO (68,0±20,2 versus 58,2±12,8 ng/dL; p=0,02), assim como o FAI (282,5±223,8 versus 127,0±77,2; p=0,01), a insulina (8,4±7,0 versus 4,0±2,7 uIU/mL; p=0,01), e o HOMA (2,3±2,3 versus1,0±0,8; p=0,01). O SBHG foi inferior no grupo SOP comparado ao controle (52,5±43,3 versus 65,1±27,4 nmol/L; p=0,04). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na composição corporal com os métodos propostos entre os grupos. O grupo SOP apresentou maior força muscular no teste de 1-RM nos exercícios supino reto (31,2±4,75 versus 27,8±3,6 kg; p=0,04) e cadeira extensora (27,9±6,2 versus 23,4±4,2 kg; p=0,01), assim como nos testes de força isométrica de preensão manual (5079,6±1035,7 versus 4477,3±69,6 kgf/m²; p=0,04). Ser portadora de SOP foi um preditor independente de aumento de força muscular nos exercícios supino reto (estimativa (E)=2,7) (p=0,04) e cadeira extensora (E=3,5) (p=0,04). Assim como o IMC no exercício de força isométrica de preensão manual do membro dominante (E=72,2) (p<0,01), supino reto (E=0,2) (p=0,02) e rosca direta (E=0,3) (p<0,01). Nenhuma associação foi encontrada entre HOMA-IR e força muscular. CONCLUSÕES: Mulheres com SOP apresentam maior força muscular, sem diferença na composição corporal. A RI não esteve associada ao desempenho da força muscular. Possivelmente, a força muscular pode estar relacionada aos níveis elevados de androgênios nessas mulheres.

PURPOSE: To compare the metabolic parameters, body composition and muscle strength of women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) to those of women with ovulatory menstrual cycles. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on 27 women with PCOS and 28 control women with ovulatory cycles, aged 18 to 27 years with a body mass index of 18 to 39.9 kg/m², who did not practice regular physical activity. Serum testosterone, androstenedione, prolactin, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), insulin and glycemia levels were determined. Free androgen index (FAI) and resistance to insulin (by HOMA) were calculated. The volunteers were submitted to evaluation of body composition based on skin folds and DEXA and to 1-RM maximum muscle strength tests in three exercises after familiarization procedures and handgrip isometric force was determined. RESULTS: Testosterone levels were higher in the PCOS group than in the Control Group (68.07±20.18 versus 58.20±12.82 ng/dL; p=0.02), as also were the FAI (282.51±223.86 versus 127.08±77.19; p=0.01), insulin (8.41±7.06 versus 4.05±2.73 µIU/mL; p=0.01), and HOMA (2.3±2.32 versus 1.06±0.79; p=0.01), and SBHG levels were lower (52.51±43.27 versus 65.45±27.43 nmol/L; p=0.04). No significant differences in body composition were observed between groups using the proposed methods. The PCOS group showed greater muscle strength in the 1-RM test in the bench press (31.2±4.75 versus 27.79±3.63 kg; p=0.02), and leg extension exercises (27.9±6.23 versus 23.47±4.21 kg; p=0.02) as well as handgrip isometric force (5079.61±1035.77 versus 4477.38±69.66 kgf/m², p=0.04). PCOS was an independent predictor of increase muscle strength in bench press exercises (estimate (E)=2.7) (p=0.04) and leg extension (E=3.5) (p=0.04), and BMI in the exercise of isometric handgrip (E=72.2) (p<0.01), bench press (E=0.2) (p=0.02) and arm curl (E=0.3) (p<0.01). No association was found between HOMA-IR and muscle strength. CONCLUSIONS: Women with POS showed greater muscle strength, with no difference in body composition, and IR was not associated with muscle strength performance. Muscle strength may be possibly related to high levels of androgens in these women.