RESUMEN
We focused on the traditional processing method which generates the superior quality of Yamato-shakuyaku. First, we assessed the historical literature written around Edo and Meiji period and rediscovered the traditional air drying method still inherited in Nara Prefecture. Then, we gathered and analyzed the data of medicinal plants production in Nara Prefecture among 1938 and 2019, and investigated the decline of local production and experienced agricultural techniques of peony through the transition of its yield. In order to visualize the ancient knowledge of crude drug manufacturers that contributes to the instruction of the skills for supply of seedlings, cultivation, and processing, we settled the meteorological observation devise at the outdoor drying shelf for 3 years, and recorded the real drying environment. When comparing the meteorological data with other cultivating area of peony using the estimated values of Agro-Meteorological Grid Square Data, the climate of Nara Prefecture was with high temperature and low humidity than other areas, and it seems to be quite suitable for air drying with adequate topography. The wind rose calculated by measured values of wind direction and wind speed showed the wind conditions in Nara that west wind was frequent in daytime and wind conditions are mildly but diversely changing. Among other producing areas of peony, the mechanical drying is major, whereas air-drying with low cost utilizing local environment features is still applied in Nara. We revealed the rationality of traditional methodology by digitization of meteorological factors which can be high added value.
RESUMEN
Panax notoginseng is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine with blood activating effect while has continuous cropping obstacle problem in planting process. In present study, a semimicroextraction method with water-saturated n-butanol on 0.1 g notoginseng sample was established with good repeatability (RSD<2.5%) and 9.6%-20.6% higher extraction efficiency of seven saponins than the conventional method. A total of 16 characteristic peaks were identified by LC-MS-IT-TOF, including eight 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (PPT) type saponins and eight 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) type saponins. The established method was utilized to evaluate the quality of notoginseng samples cultivated by manual intervened methods to overcome continuous cropping obstacles.As a result, HPLC fingerprint similarity, content of Fa and ratio of notoginsenoside K and notoginsenoside Fa (N-K/Fa) were found out to be as valuatable markers of the quality of samples in continuous cropping obstacle research, of which N-K/Fa could also be applied to the analysis of notoginseng samples with different growth years.Notoginseng samples with continuous cropping obstacle had HPLC fingerprint similarity lower than 0.87, in consistent with normal sample, and had significant lower content of notoginsenoside Fa and significant higher N-K/Fa (2.35-4.74) than normal group (0.45-1.33). All samples in the first group with manual intervention showed high similarity with normal group (>0.87), similar content of common peaks and N-K/Fa (0.42-2.06). The content of notoginsenoside K in the second group with manual intervention was higher than normal group. All samples except two displayed similarity higher than 0.87 and possessed content of 16 saponins close to normal group. The result showed that notoginseng samples with continuous cropping obstacle had lower quality than normal sample. And manual intervened methods could improve their quality in different levels.The method established in this study was simple, fast and accurate, and the markers may provide new guides for quality control in continuous cropping obstacle research of notoginseng.