Increased Expression of RUNX2 and ALP Resulting from a Combination of Propolis Extract and Bovine Bone Graft in Socket Preservation Material

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the inductive effect of a combination of propolis and BBG extract on RUNX2 and ALP expression in the tooth extraction sockets of Cavia cobaya. Fifty- six Cavia cobaya were divided into four groups: polyethylene glycol (PEG), propolis extract + PEG, BBG + PEG, and propolis extract + BBG + PEG. The lower left incisor was extracted, and the socket subsequently filled with material according to the specific group of which the subject was a member. The subjects were sacrificed on the 14th and 30th days. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out under a light microscope at 400x magnification. Statistical analysis was then carried out by means of One-Way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. The mean number of RUNX2 and ALP expressions in each group was significantly different. The highest number of RUNX2 and ALP expressions occurred in the propolis + BBG + PEG group on the 30th day, while the lowest expressions were observed in the control group on the 14th day. A combination of propolis and BBG extract at a concentration of 2% of active substance effectively increases the expression of RUNX2 and ALP in preserving the tooth extraction sockets of Cavia cobaya.

TLR2 Signaling Pathway in Alveolar Bone Osteogenesis Induced by Aloe vera and Xenograft (XCB)

Abstract The aim of this study was to find the role of TLR2 signaling pathway in reducing osteoclast activity and promoting osteoblast growth by inducing a combination of Aloe vera and cancellous bovine xenograft (XCB) into dental extraction socket. Forty-eight Cavia cobayas were used. They were divided into eight groups (n=6). For control group, their mandibular incisors were extracted and filled with PEG. For treatment groups, they were extracted and filled with XCB, Aloe vera and the combination of Aloe vera and XCB. The first four groups were sacrificed after 7 days and the other groups after 30 days. Immunohistochemistry and histopathology examination were conducted to examine TLR2, TNFa, OPG, collagen-1, and the osteoblast and osteoclast expressions. The expressions of TLR2, OPG and Collagen-1, as well as the number of osteoblast were increased. Meanwhile, the expressions of TNFa and osteoclast were decreased. The study finding was that TLR2 signaling pathway influenced alveolar bone osteogenesis process by reducing osteoclast activity and stimulating osteoblast growth induced by the combination of Aloe vera and XCB.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o papel da via de sinalização de TLR2 na redução da atividade osteoclástica e na promoção do crescimento de osteoblastos, induzindo uma combinação de Aloe vera e enxerto de osso esponjoso bovino (EOEB) em alvéolo de extração dentária. Quarenta e oito Cavia cobayas foram utilizados e divididos em 8 grupos (n = 6). Para o grupo de controle, seus incisivos mandibulares foram extraídos e preenchidos com polietilenoglicol (PEG). Para grupos de tratamento, os dentes foram extraídos e preenchidos com EOEB, Aloe vera e a combinação de Aloe vera e EOEB. Os primeiros quatro grupos foram sacrificados após 7 dias e os outros grupos após 30 dias. As análises de imunohistoquímica e histopatologia foram realizada para examinar TLR2, TNFa OPG, colágeno-1 e as expressões de osteoblastos e osteoclastos. Houve maior expressão de TLR2, FGF2, OPG e colágeno-1, bem como maior número de osteoblastos. Enquanto isso, a expressão de TNFa e osteoclastos estava diminuída. O principal achado do estudo foi que a via de sinalização de TLR2 influenciou o processo de osteogênese do osso alveolar, reduzindo a atividade dos osteoclastos e estimulando o crescimento de osteoblastos induzido pela combinação de Aloe vera e EOEB.