RESUMEN
Hoffman's syndrome is a rare form of hypothyroid myopathy, which causes proximal muscle weakness and pseudohypertrophy of muscles.Itis a complication of untreated or uncontrolled Hypothyroidism.The neurological manifestations of hypothyroidism usually occur late in the course of disease. It is quite rare to present with neurological manifestations in the earlier stage of disease. Very few cases of Hoffman抯 syndrome were reported from India. Here we report a case of 27-year-old male who presented to the medicine OPD with initial symptoms of proximal muscle weakness, fatigue and calf muscle hypertrophy. On further evaluation patient was found to have hypothyroid myopathy in the form of Hoffman抯 syndrome.
RESUMEN
Background: The main purpose of this study is to determine the detailed morphometric data of Dorsal Root Entry Zone (DREZ) of cervical spinal nerves. This knowledge is necessary for diagnosis, treatment and surgical management of pain due to many conditions like brachial plexus avulsion injury, post-herpetic neuralgia, phantom pain and cancer pain involved in cervical myelo-radiculopathy. There are fewer studies reported in this field of DREZ. Materials and Methods: Twenty five adult formalin fixed cadavers are taken for this study. Conventional Spinal cord dissection is followed as per Cunningham’s Dissection Mannual. Findings: The parameters included are Number of dorsal rootlets, Longitudinal Length of DREZ, Distance between two successive DREZ, Length of dorsal rootlets, Distance between right and left DREZ, Distance between DREZ and Ligamentum denticulatum, Cranial angles of Superior & inferior rootlets. Results: Results were noted for all the parameters and are compared with the previous studies. The significant observations are obtained. Conclusion: Surgical anatomy of Dorsal Root Entry Zone (DREZ) of cervical spinal nerves will be useful for the neurosurgeons doing Drezotomy procedure, in which the nociceptive fibres alone are specifically severed with preservation of other sensations.