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Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is one of the important contributors for morbidity and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. There is paucity of reliable published data on burden of lung disease in RA patients from Andhra Pradesh, India. Materials and methods: This was an observational study in which 88 patients were evaluated. History and clinical features, including disease-severity score, imaging, and pulmonary function tests were recorded. The data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The mean age was 49.4 � 10.3 years. Females outnumbered males. Disease duration was less than 2 years in 60.2% of subjects. Respiratory complaints were noted in 12 patients. Seropositivity was noted in 59% of patients. Based on Disease Activity Score 28, high disease activity was seen in 70.5%, moderate activity in 25%, remission in 3.4%, and low activity in 1.1%. Chest radiography showed abnormalities in 4.5%. Pulmonary function tests revealed abnormalities in 23.9% of patients. High disease activity, duration of disease, and seropositivity were not significantly associated with respiratory abnormalities in our study. Conclusion: Patients with RA should be evaluated for pulmonary involvement during their routine follow-up, which can be helpful in early detection and intervention of ILD and therefore reducing morbidity and mortality.
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Background: Pain is an unpleasant subjective sensation which can only be experienced and not expressed, especially in children. The primary reason to treat or prevent pain is humanitarian. Aim and objectives: To assess Ultrasound Guided Ilioinguinal / Iliohypogastric nerve block versus Caudal block for post-operative analgesia in children undergoing unilateral groin surgery in ASA grade I and II children. Materials and methods: Sixty patients aged between 3-12 years undergoing unilateral groin surgery were included. The objectives of this study were to compare the effects of caudal block and ultrasound guided Ilioinguinal/ Iliohypogstric nerve block in terms of duration of analgesia, quality of analgesia and hemodynamic. Results: The mean age of two groups was comparable with Mean ± SD 4.67 ± 1.4 for B group and Mean ± SD 4.7 ± 1.34 for C group, which was statistically not significant. In the present study, major number of cases came for herniotomy being 47% of total cases in both groups followed by high ligation 27% in US II/IH nerve block,23% in cauadal group, and orchidopexy 27% in II/IH nerve block group and 30% in caudal group. Mean duration of surgery of B group was 28.17±8.56 minutes, and for C group was 29.67±8.60 minutes. The difference between the means was statistically not significant (P>0.05). The baseline, intra operative heart rate changes between two groups were comparable and were statistically not significant and therapeutic interventions were not T. Ravi, N. Dheeraj Kumar, Bhrungi Shireesh Kumar. Ultrasound guided nerve block versus caudal block for post-operative analgesia in children undergoing unilateral groin surgery. IAIM, 2016; 3(9): 115-125. Page 116 required. There was no significant difference in quality of analgesia in both groups with P-Value >0.05. Duration of Postoperative analgesia is comparable in both the groups with Mean±SD values being 4.95±0.51 for B group and 4.78±0.49 for C group which is statistically not significant with PValue being >0.05. Conclusion: Ultrasound guided Ilioinguinal / Iliohypogastric nerve blocks is an ideal procedure for unilateral groin surgeries in children, regarding quality of analgesia with less pain scores and duration of analgesia is comparable with that of caudal block, with lower volume of local anesthetic.
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Background: Treatment of humeral shaft fractures has been a subject of debate for many decades. Even though a large majority of humeral shaft fractures can be treated by non operative methods, few conditions like open fractures, polytrauma, ipsilateral humeral shaft and forearm fractures require surgical intervention. The goal of treatment of humeral shaft fractures is to establish union with an acceptable humeral alignment and to restore the patient to pre-injury level of function. The objective was to assess the incidence of radial nerve palsy, non-union and mean time required for in anteromedial plate osteosynthesis with anterolateral approach and also to measure the functional outcome of this procedure. Method: A prospective study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, PESIMSR, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, from August 2012 to August 2015 with a total of 54 patients who were operated with anteromedial plate osteosynthesis were included in the study. RodriguezMerchan criteria was used to grade the functional outcome. Results: Of the 54 patients, 28 (58.85%) were in the age group of 30-40 years. The most common fracture pattern identified was A3 type (48.14%).The mean (+ SD) duration of surgery for anteromedial humeral plating was 53 ± 5.00 minutes. The time taken for the fracture to unite was less than 16 weeks in the majority or 50 patients (92.59%). Four (7.40%) patients had delayed union. There was no incidence of iatrogenic radial nerve palsy. Rodriguez – Merchan criteria showed that 37(68.51%) of the patients had good and 12 (22.22%) had excellent functional outcome. Key Words: Humeral shaft fractures; Plate osteosynthesis; Antero-lateral approach
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Fracturas ÓseasRESUMEN
Introduction: Intramedullary nailing has been used frequently for the treatment of tibial diaphyseal fractures. Chronic anterior knee pain has been considered the most frequent post-operative complication of this technique. We investigated the relationship between anterior knee pain and position of nail tip in proximal tibia. Methods: 103 patients were selected among patients who underwent interlocking nailing in our institution. Patients with other factors that might cause anterior knee pain were excluded. In all patients intramedullary nailing was done using transpatellar approach. The patients were evaluated in two groups, 42 patients had anterior knee pain (Group A), whereas 61 patients did not have pain (Group B). The distance from nail tip from tibial plateau was measured on lateral radiographs. Nail prominence from anterior tibial cortex was also measured. Results: The two groups were similar with respect to gender and follow up period. Out of 42 patients who had knee pain 21 (50%) had nail tip within proximal third distance from plateau to tibial tuberosity. Twenty-four patients (42%) among knee pain group had nail prominence of more than 5mm from anterior tibial cortex followed by 12 patients (29%) within 5mm and 12 patients (29%) nail tip buried within the anterior cortex. Conclusion: A greater incidence of knee pain was found when nail was prominent more than 5mm and when it is in the proximal third distance from tibial plateau to tuberosity. Patients should be aware of high incidence of knee pain when the nail tip is placed in proximal third and prominence of more than 5mm.
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Fracturas de la TibiaRESUMEN
Desmostachya bipinnata root has been used in the Indian traditional system of medicine for treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery. The antidiarrhoeal effect of both alcoholic and aqueous extracts of the roots of Desmostachya bipinnata were studied in rats against castor oil induced diarrhoea and charcoal meal test at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. The alcoholic extract and to a lesser extent aqueous extract significantly reduced the weight of the faces and decreased the propulsion of charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract. The phytochemical screening of the extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, phytosterol, terpenoids, polyphenolics, protein and carbohydrates. These results may support the fact that this plant is used traditionally to cure diarrhoea.
La raíz de Desmostachya bipinnata ha sido utilizada en el sistema tradicional de medicina Hindú para el tratamiento de diarrea y disentería. El efecto antidiarreico de los extractos alcohólicos y acuosos de los extractos de la raíz de Desmostachya bipinnata fueron estudiados en ratas, utilizando la diarrea inducida por aceite de castor y el ensayo de la prueba por carbón en dosis de 200 y 400 mg/kg de peso corporal. El extracto alcohólico y en menor grado, el extracto acuoso, redujeron significativamente la propulsión de carbón a través del tracto gastrointestinal. El análisis de los extractos mostrarón la presencia de alcaloides, glicósidos, flavonoides, taninos, fitoesterol, terpenoides, polifenoles, proteínas y carbohidratos. Estos resultados pueden apoyar el hecho de que esta planta sea usada tradicionalmente para curar la diarrea.