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Background and Aim: Alpha-2 agonists as adjuvant to local anaesthetic agents for PNB enhance the quality and duration of analgesia. Aim of this prospective, double blind, randomised placebo controlled study was to compare the affect addition of Dexmedetomidine and clonidine to Ropivacaine with respect to onset, peak, and duration of sensory-motor block and duration of analgesia in Supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Materials and methods: Ninety ASA grade I or II patients of either sex, aged 18-60 years age scheduled for elective upper limb surgery were equally divided in three groups (n=30).Group R received 0.75% Ropivacaine 30 ml + 1ml NS, Group RC received 0.75% Ropivacaine 30ml +1µgm/kg of clonidine, Group RD received 0.75% Ropivacaine 30ml + 1µgm/kg of Dexmedetomidine in Supraclavicular plexus block by using nerve locator. Ashish Kumar Narolia, Kanta Bhati, Kuldeep Saini, Anita Pareek, Meera Kumari. To Compare the Effect of Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine as Adjuvant to Ropivacaine in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block for Upper Limb Surgery. IAIM, 2017; 4(9): 82-90. Page 83 Results: Onset (sensory=7.6± 1.56, 6.13± 1.59, 4.13±1.35, in motor 10.23± 1.79, 9.03± 2.31, 6.50± 1.57 respectively), peak(sensory 17.33±2.89, 13.66±3.16, 10.63 ±2.89, in motor 21.76±2.56, 18.46±3.0, 15.66±3.20 respectively) and duration(sensory 239.83±39.96, 322.0±58.21, 375.0±53.69, in motor 206.0±40.71, 285.0±56.30, 332.50±57.84 respectively) of sensorimotor block and duration of analgesia (279.0±43.67, 357.16±55.85, 412.16±50.06 respectively)were prolonged in Dexmedetomidine group as compared to other both group. VAS and sedation score was better in dexmedetomidine group than clonidine group. Hemodynamic stability was comparable in all three groups and no complications were seen in any of the group. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine (1µg/kg) is better than clonidine as adjuvant to 0.75% Ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block for upper limb surgeries.
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Background and Aim: Anesthetic techniques are based on hemodynamic stability during anesthesia and surgery. Dexmedetomidine is centrally acting α2 agonist with sedative, sympatholytic and analgesic. Aim of this study was to compare effect of conventional dose with low dose infusion of dexmedetomidine on hemodynamic stress response, induction agent requirement & postoperative analgesia. Materials and methods: Single randomised prospective study done on 100 ASA Ι and ΙΙ patients aged 18-65 years scheduled for elective laparoscopy cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Patients were divided in to two groups of 50 each, Group A: 1 µg/kg loading dose of Rolaniya SL, Dhawan S, Meera Kumari, Jain R, Pareek A, Sehtia S. Comparison of conventional dose and low dose infusion of dexmedetomidine on hemodynamic stress response, dose of induction agent and postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. IAIM, 2017; 4(7): 111-117. Page 112 dexmedetomidine I.V. started 15 min before procedure and infusion. 5 µg/kg/hr after induction and continued till end of surgery. Group B: 0.5 µg /kg/hr of dexmedetomidine I.V. started 15 min before procedure and continued till end of surgery. Results: Hemodynamic stability more in group B by avoiding complications like hypotension and bradycardia (p value < .05). Reduction of induction dose was more in group A than group B as compared to standard doses (P value <0.01). Hypotension and bradycardia were observed in 5 cases after 15 min of infusion in group A ( p value <.01). Mean VAS score in Group A was at 330 min was 3.10.39 and 3.150.94 at 210 min in group B. Conclusion: Low dose infusion of dexmedetomidine provides more hemodynamic stability. Requirement of induction agent was decreased more in group A than group B. Postoperative analgesia more in group A.
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Secretion of ligninperoxidase [E.C.1.11.1.7] by Penicillium citrinum, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus terreus in liquid culture growth medium has been demonstrated. Enzymatic characteristics like Km, pH and temperature optima using veratryl alcohol as the organic substrate of ligninperoxidases from above sources have been determined. Km values using veratryl alcohol as substrate for enzymes from P. citrinum, F. oxysporum and A. terreus were 69, 64 and 60 microM respectively. Km values using H2O2 as the variable substrate were 64, 72 and 80 microM.The pH optima were 4.0, 2.3 and 2.0 respectively. The values of temperature optima were 30 degrees, 25 degrees and 22 degrees C for the enzymes from P. citrinum, F. oxysporum and A. terreus respectively.