RESUMEN
The inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) constitute a diverse heterogeneous group of disorders with protean clinical manifestations presenting mainly in the pediatric population. Though individually rare, together they constitute a significant percentage of children seen in genetic and neurology clinics. This review focuses on selected IEMs and highlights those seen in the neonatal period. Data from Indian centers are presented. It also emphasizes principles of management in these difficult disorders in the context of a developing country.
Asunto(s)
Encefalopatías Metabólicas/diagnóstico , Niño , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Urgencias Médicas , Degeneración Hepatolenticular/diagnóstico , Trastornos Heredodegenerativos del Sistema Nervioso/diagnóstico , Humanos , India , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Enfermedad de la Orina de Jarabe de Arce/diagnóstico , Síndrome del Pelo Ensortijado/diagnóstico , Errores Innatos del Metabolismo/diagnóstico , Fenilcetonurias/diagnósticoRESUMEN
The article discusses the disease AIDS, and its increasing incidence all over the world. The alarming rise of HIV infection amongst those tested in India is noted. The projection as made by WHO are mentioned. The various modes of transmission of HIV infection and the high risk groups for each mode are identified. Clinical manifestation of an adult case is followed by that of a pediatric patient in whom the infection is mostly transplacental. The risk of TAA amongst children is highlighted as also the difference between adult and pediatric AIDS. Diagnosis of AIDS, its management, prognosis and prevention are mentioned. The similarity between HIV-1, SIV and HIV-2 induced immunodeficiency is recorded.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/epidemiología , Niño , Comparación Transcultural , Estudios Transversales , Países en Desarrollo , Humanos , Incidencia , India/epidemiología , Lactante , Organización Mundial de la SaludAsunto(s)
Mama/anomalías , Preescolar , Exostosis , Femenino , Humanos , Nevo , Neoplasias Cutáneas , SíndromeRESUMEN
A study was carried out to test the efficacy of oral polio immunization commencing in the newborn period. In Group A, 47 term newborn infants were given trivalent oral polio vaccine (TOPV) within the first four days, at one month and at two months. In Group B, 21 infants were given TOPV at 3, 4 and 5 months. The seroconversion rates for types 1, 2 and 3 were 87.2, 95.7 and 72.3%, respectively in Group A and 85.7, 95.2 and 66.7%, respectively in Group B after 3 doses of TOPV, the differences being insignificant. Oral polio immunization beginning in the newborn period was as effective as when commenced at 3 months of age. Before immunization, the number of babies with protective titers against polioviruses were significantly more in Group A as compared to Group B. Thus, the later onset of immunization schedule leaves more children susceptible to poliomyelitis during the first 3 months of life.