Flow-through superficial peroneal artery flap in repair of digit defect with proper palmar digital artery / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective:To explore the surgical procedure and clinical effect of the free Flow-through superficial peroneal artery flap for repairing the digit injury with defect of proper palmar digital artery.Methods:From June, 2015 to December, 2019, free Flow-through superficial peroneal artery flap was used to repair the digit injury and to bridge the proper digital artery in 7 digits of 7 patients. There were 2 thumbs, 3 index fingers and 2 middle fingers. The size of defects on digits ranged from 2.5 cm×3.0 cm to 5.0 cm×7.0 cm. The defects of digit proper artery were 1.0 to 3.0 cm. The size of flaps was from 3.0 cm×3.5 cm to 5.5 cm×8.0 cm. The donor areas of the flap were directly sutured or covered with skin graft. Postoperative supportive treatments were given, such as infection prevention, antispasmodic, anticoagulant, analgesia and fluid infusion. The patients were kept in bed for 1 week after surgery. Monthly follow-up review were conducted and the patients were kept with the rehabilitation exercises under medical guidance.Results:All the patients entered postoperative followed-up for 6 to 18 months, with an average of 8 months. All flaps survived without any adverse event. All wounds achieved stage-one-healing. The flaps appeared in good colour, texture, elasticity and the plumps of the digit without obvious bloating. There was no obvious swelling and atrophy of the digits. The skin temperature was normal. According to the Standard for Evaluation of Upper Limb Function by the Hand Surgery Society of Chinese Medical Association, 3 digits were excellent and 4 were good. There was no obvious scar at the donor site of shank. The donor site had a good appearance and the limb function was not affected.Conclusion:The free Flow-through superficial peroneal artery flap is an ideal material to repair the defect of digit with the defect of proper digital artery. It has the advantages of simple surgical procedure, reliable blood supply and satisfactory appearance. The defect of proper digit artery can be repaired at the same time of the surgical procedure. The blood supply, appearance and function of the digits could be well recovered and the donor site is not affected.

The mechanism of RCE-4, an active ingredient of Reineckia carnea, in combination with celecoxib on the anti-proliferation of cervical cancer Ca Ski cells / 药学学报

This research explored the synergistic effects and the potential mechanisms of RCE-4 and various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the proliferation of cervical cancer Ca Ski cells. The MTT assay and CalcuSyn V2.0 software were used to detect cell proliferation and calculate the combination index (CI); the expression levels of various proteins were analyzed using Western blot assay; mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed using JC-1 staining; acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) double-fluorescence staining was used to detect the apoptosis of Ca Ski cells; a co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay was used to analyze the relative content of Bcl-2-Beclin 1 complex in Ca Ski cells. The results demonstrate that the combination of RCE-4 and NSAIDs increases the inhibition of Ca Ski cells compared to the single-RCE-4 group, and celecoxib provided the best synergistic effect among the four NSAIDs tested, with a CI of 0.32. The combination of RCE-4 and celecoxib significantly down-regulated the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), and promoted the expression of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs activity gene-1 (NAG-1). In addition, autophagy induced by RCE-4 was markedly inhibited in combination with celecoxib, which was associated with down-regulation of the expression of microtubule-associated protein 3 (LC3)-II, Beclin 1, p62 and autophagy-related gene (ATG) 3/4B/5/7/14. RCE-4-induced apoptosis was significantly enhanced by altering the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and the expression of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), B cell lymphoma-xl (Bcl-xl), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2/Bcl-xl-associated death promoter (Bad) and cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (cleaved-caspase) 3/7/9. Furthermore, the formation of the Bcl-2-Beclin 1 complex was significantly inhibited in Ca Ski cells treated with RCE-4 in combination with celecoxib. Taken together, this research shows that the combination of RCE-4 and celecoxib has a significant synergistic effect on the proliferation of Ca Ski cells by promoting apoptosis, inhibiting autophagy and disturbing the formation of the Bcl-2-Beclin 1 complex, which may be a novel strategy to increase the sensitivity of anti-cervical cancer drugs.

Study on protective effect of water extract from Sabia parviflora on liver injury in mice induced by acetaminophen / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this study was to observe the protective effect of water extract from Sabia parviflora on mice with acute liver injury induced by acetaminophen, and investigate its possible mechanism. Fifty-eight Kunming mice were divided into 6 groups, 8 in the normal group, 10 in the model group, 10 in the biphenyl diester group, and 10 each in the low, medium and high dose groups. After adaptive feeding for one week, the mice in normal group were intragastrically administered with an equal volume of 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose sodium(CMC-Na), and the mice in other groups were intragastrically administered with corresponding drugs at 20 mL·kg~(-1) once a day. Then acetaminophen(200 mg·kg~(-1)) was administered after the above drug administration except the normal group. The behavior and signs of the experimental animals were observed every day and the samples were taken for experiments on the next day of the final administration. The liver mass and mass index were calculated. The blood was collected from the abdominal aorta and centrifuged to obtain the serum for detecting aspartate aminotransferase(AST) activity and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) activity. The liver tissue homogenate was used to detect superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, glutathione(glutathione, r-glutamyl cysteingl+glycine, GSH) activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content. Liver tissue was analyzed for histological analysis. The results showed that S. parviflora could alleviate the lipid peroxidation damage in the liver caused by acetaminophen, reduce the ALT and AST activities in serum, increase the levels of SOD and GSH in liver tissue, decrease the content of MDA in liver tissue, and inhibit the apoptosis. S. parviflora could also improve the live histopathological profile, protect liver cells and restore liver function. Among them, the high dose had the most significant effect and showed dose-effect relationship. This study indicated that S. parviflora had a significant protective effect on acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice, and its mechanism may be related to its anti-oxidation effect and inhi-bitory effect on apoptosis.

Therapeutic effect of total triterpenoids of Chaenomeles speciosa combined with omeprazole on gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin in rats / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to observe the combination therapy with total triterpenoids of Chaenomeles speciosa and omeprazole on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats, and explore its possible mechanism. Rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, omeprazole monotherapy(3.6 mg·kg~(-1)) group, total triterpenoids of C. speciosa monotherapy(100 mg·kg~(-1)) group, total triterpenoids of C. speciosa and omeprazole combination therapy(100 mg·kg~(-1)+3.6 mg·kg~(-1)) group. Except for the normal group, the other groups were given indomethacin(20 mg·kg~(-1)) by oral once a day for 7 consecutive days. Then the treated groups were given corresponding drugs by gavage, once a day for 14 consecutive days. The next day after the last administration, half of the rats in each group were measured the gastric mucosal blood flow, gastric juice volume and serum TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10. After the remaining rats in each group were underwent pyloric ligation 4 hours after the last administration, the gastric endocrine volume, pH value and total acidity of gastric secretion were measured, then histological analysis was performed, MPO activity, cAMP content and histomorphological analysis were conducted. Real-time PCR was applied to detect the mRNA expressions of gastric tissue TNF-α,IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, VEGFA, A_(2A)R; the protein expressions of VEGFA, A_(2A)R, PKA, p-PKA, CREB, p-CREB, EGF, EGFR, p-EGFR, MUC6, TFF2 in gastric tissue were detected by Western blot. The results indicated that total triterpenoids of C. speciosa and omeprazole combination therapy might significantly increase gastric mucosal blood flow, gastric mucus volume, reduce gastric endocrine volume, secretion acidity and mucosal damage, decrease the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6, increase the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in blood and gastric tissue, inhibit the activity of MPO, increase the content of cAMP in gastric tissue, up-regulate the mRNA expressions of VEGFA, A_(2A)R and protein expressions of VEGFA, A_(2A)R, PKA, p-PKA, CREB, p-CREB, EGF, EGFR, p-EGFR, MUC6, TFF2 in gastric tissue, elevate p-PKA/PKA, p-CREB/CREB and p-EFGR/EFGR. Moreover, the combination therapy with total triterpenoids of C. speciosa and omeprazole was more obvious than those of two monotherapies. These aforementioned findings suggested that the combination therapy with total triterpenoids of C. speciosa and omeprazole on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer have significant therapeutic effect on indomethacin induced gastric ulcer in rats, its mechanism might be related to regulating A_(2A)R/AKT/CREB, A_(2A)R/VEGFA, EGF/EGFR and MUC6/TFF2 signaling pathways, inhibiting pro-inflammatory factors, increasing gastric mucosal blood flow, up-regulating mucosal cell proliferation factors and promoting mucosal protective factors.

Effects of inner-heating acupuncture on apoptosis of chondrocytes and expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in rats with knee osteoarthritis / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of inner-heating acupuncture on apoptosis of chondrocytes and expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in rats with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).@*METHODS@#A total of 32 rats were divided into a normal group, a model group, a control treatment group and a treatment group by random number grouping method, 8 rats in each one. The rats in the normal group received no intervention. The rats in the remaining three groups adopted modified Videman method to develop KOA model, the ankle joint of left posterior leg was fully extended and fixed with a resin bandage for 6 weeks. After successful modeling, the rats in the model group received no intervention. The rats in the control treatment group were treated with medium-frequency pulse electrotherapy. The rats in the treatment group were treated with inner- heating acupuncture, 30 min each treatment, once a day, five days per week, and totally 3-week treatment was given. After 3 weeks, the damaged cartilage tissue was collected, and HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the cartilage tissue of the knee joint. ELISA was used to detect the content of cytochrome-C in the tissue homogenate supernatant. The chondrocytes in damaged cartilage tissue were isolated, flow cytometer was used to detect the changes of apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential. The mRNA and protein expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 in chondrocytes were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB), respectively.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the normal group, the damage of cartilage tissue in the model group was significant, and the expression level of Cyt-C in the homogenate supernatant of damaged cartilage tissue was increased (<0.01); the chondrocyte apoptosis was increased significantly (<0.01); the chondrocyte mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased significantly (<0.01); the mRNA and protein expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 was increased significantly (all <0.01). Compared with the model group, the cartilage injury in the control treatment group and the treatment group was significantly relieved; the expression level of Cyt-C in the supernatant of damaged cartilage tissue homogenate was decreased (both <0.01); the chondrocyte apoptosis was significantly reduced (both <0.01); the chondrocyte mitochondrial membrane potential was increased significantly (both <0.01). Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 was significantly reduced (all <0.01). Compared with the control treatment group, the treatment group was more effective in the treatment of KOA.@*CONCLUSION@#The inner-heating acupuncture could significantly improve the pathological changes of KOA rats, inhibit the apoptosis of chondrocytes, which may be closely related to the suppression of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9 expression.

Chinoketides A and B, Two New Antimicrobial Polyketides from the Endophytes of Distylium chinense with the “Black-Box” Co-culture Method

Two new polyketides, chinoketides A and B (1 – 2) with a known compound xylarphthalide A (3), were isolated from the solid medium of the endophytes from the leaves of the relic plant Distylium chinense with the “black-box” co-culture method, and the structures of two new compounds were elucidated by NMR, MS and CD spectra. And the absolute configurations of chinoketides A (1) and B (2) were determined as 2R,3R,8S and 5R,6S by calculating their ECD spectra to compare with the experimental CD spectra. Finally, the antimicrobial activities were evaluated to Erwinia carotovora sub sp. Carotovora (Jones) Bersey et al, and the results showed that compounds 1 – 3 displayed the antimicrobial activities with MIC value at 20.5, 30.4 and 10.2 µg/mL.

Effect of total triterpenoids of Chaenomeles speciosa on PPARγ/SIRT1/NF-κBp65 signaling pathway and intestinal mucosal barrier of ulcerative colitis induced by DSS in mice / 中国中药杂志

To observe the effect of total triterpenoids of Chaenomeles speciosa on PPARγ/SIRT1/NF-κBp65 signaling pathway and intestinal mucosal barrier of ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice, C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, total triterpenoids of C. speciosa (50, 100 mg·kg⁻¹) groups and sulfasalazine (250 mg·kg⁻¹) group. The ulcerative colitis (UC) model was induced by orally administering 2.5% DSS to the experimental mice, and the corresponding drugs were given to each group 3 days before the administration with 2.5% DSS. The normal group and the model group were given the equal volume of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium solution by gavage continuously for 10 days, q.d. The general conditions of the mice were observed on a daily basis, and the disease activity index (DAI) score was recorded. On the 10th day after the treatment, mice were put to death, the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 in the blood were detected, colon length was measured, colon mucosa damage index (CMDI) score was calculated, and MPO activity detection and histomorphology analysis were conducted. Real-time PCR was applied to detect the mRNA expressions of E-cadherin, occluding,MUC2 and TFF3; the protein expressions of SIRT1, IKKβ, p-IKKβ, IκBα, p-IκBα and cytosol and nucleus PPARγ, NF-κBp65 in intestinal tissue were detected by western blot. The results indicated that total triterpenoids of C. speciosa (50, 100 mg·kg⁻¹) could significantly improve the general conditions of UC mice, reduce the DAI, CMDI and histopathological scores, increase the colon length, reduce the colonic mucosa ulcers, erosion and inflammatory infiltration, restore the normal intestinal mucosal barrier function, reduce the contents of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, increase the contents of IL-4 and IL-10 in the blood, inhibit MPO activity in colon tissue, up-regulate the mRNA expressions of E-cadherin, occludin, MUC2 and TFF3 in colon tissue, down-regulate the protein expressions of cytosol PPARγ, tissue p-IKKβ, p-IκBα and nucleus NF-κBp65 in the colon tissue, decrease the p-IKKβ/IKKβ and p-IκBα/IκBα ratios, up-regulate the protein expressions of nucleus PPARγ, tissue SIRT1 and cytosol NF-κBp65 (<0.05 or <0.01, respectively), with a dose-effect relationship between the total triterpenoids of C. speciosa treated groups. These findings suggested that total triterpenoids of C. speciosa had a significantly therapeutic effect on UC mice induced by DSS, its mechanism might be related to the regulation of PPARγ/SIRT1/NF-κBp65 signaling pathway, the inhibition of pro-inflammatory factor formation and the up-regulation of protein expression of protective factors.

Quality standard for Weigela japonica var.sinica / 中成药

AIM To establish the quality standard for Weigela japonica Thunb.var.sinica (Rehd.) Bailey (W.j.).METHODS TLC was adopted in this medicinal material's qualitative identification after morphological identification and microscopic identification.The contents of water,total ash,acid-insoluble ash and extracts were detected according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia methods.Then the contents of scopoletin and total coumarins were determined by HPLC and UV,respectively.RESULTS The morphologies and microscopic characters of W.j.could be distinguished from other same generic plants.The clear TLC spot displayed good resolution.The contents of water,total ash,acid-insoluble ash,water-soluble extract and acid-soluble extract were no more than 12.0％,no more than 2.0％,no more than 0.5％,no less than 5.0％ and no less than 4.5％,respectively.Scopoletin and total coumarins showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 1.25-40.0 μg/mL(r =0.999 7)and 2.0-64.0 μg/mL (r =0.999 9),whose average recoveries were 98.19％ (RSD =0.90％) and 99.21％ (RSD =2.5％),respectively.CONCLUSION This accurate and reliable method can be used for the quality control of W.j..

Preliminary study on conventional passive transportation kit used vacuum insulated panel / 军事医学

Objective To study the thermal insulation properties of vacuum insulated panel(VIP)used as materials for blood transportation kits.Methods A VIP transportation kit was taken as test group,and a conventional transportation kit was taken as control.Phase change cool storage materials of the same amount and 4℃water bags were put into both kits.A recordable electronic thermometer was used to record the temperature within the two kits,and free hemoglobin(FHb)and potassium ion concentration were measured at 0, 4, and 7 days after blood storage.Results The temperature in the conventional transportation kit increased faster after 36 h, and was significantly higher than in the VIP transportation kit until 60 h.Besides,the VIP transportation kit kept the temperature under 10℃ for(60.7 ±0.6)h, compared to (54.2 ±3.0)h in the conventional transportation kit.FHb concentration was significantly lower in the VIP transportation kit[(605.26 ±74.63)mg/L]than in the conventional transportation kit[(1327.60 ±187.41)mg/L]at day 7(d 7),so was the potassium ion concentration in the VIP transportation kit[(22.7 ±0.4)mmol/L]compared to[(24.6 ±0.6) mmol/L]in the transportation kit at d 7.Conclusion The VIP transportation kit keeps the temperature under 10℃ for a longer time,and the blood quality of preservation is better than that of the conventional transportation kit.Novel heat preservation material can improve health support ability,and is of great value and significance.

Reproducibility of a portable spirometer based on differential pressure sensor / 中国医疗器械杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Assessing the reproducibility of a portable spirometer, including reproducibility of inter-observer and day-today.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Lung ventilation function was performed in 22 healthy volunteers by two observers on the same day and repeated by the first observer after 24h.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The inter-observer and day-to-day intra-class correlation coefficients are all higher than 0.75. There are no significant difference between each other. Bland-Altman chart shows good limits of agreement between inter-observer and day-to-day, only scattered data are outside of the limits of agreement.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The portable spirometer shows good inter-observer and day-to-day reproducibility, and can be used for testing lung function in clinical.</p>

Chemical constituents from leaves of Boehmeria nivea / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents from the leaves of Boehmeria nivea.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The leaves were extracted by 95% EtOH at room temprature, the chemical leaves were isolated and purified by repeated silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and semipreparative HPLC, and their structures were identified by physical and chemical properties and spectroscpoic methods.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>One compound isolated from n-butanol fraction, four compounds were obtained from ethyl acetate fraction and three compounds from petroleum ether fraction. Their structures were elucidated as kiwiionoside (1), eugenyl beta-rutinoside (2), uracil (3), beta-sitosterol glucoside (4), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzoic acid (5), cholesterol (6), alpha-amyrin (7). nonacosanol (8).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1-3, 5-8 were isolated from the genus Boehmeria for the first time.</p>

Determination of tomatine in Solanum cathayanum by RP-HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop an HPLC method for determination of tomatine in the dried Solanum cathayanum of China Hubei Enshi.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The analysis was performed on a YMC-Pack ODS-AA column (4. 6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) eluted with acetonitrile and water in gradient mode. The concentration of acetonitrile in the mobile phase changes from 20% to 100% within 60 minutes. The detection wavelength was set 203 nm. The flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1) and column temperature was set at 30 degrees C.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The linear relationship of tomatine was determined within the range from 0.1-0.6 g x L(-1) (r = 0.999 7). The average recovery as 98.93% with RSD 1.2%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A convenient and reliable method was developed to determine the content of tomatine in the dried S. cathayanum.</p>

Determination of two saponins in Tupistra chinensis rhizomes by RP-HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develog an HPLC method determination of two new saponins in the dried rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The analysis was performed on YMC-Pack ODS-AQ (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) eluted with of acetonitrile and waterin gradient mode. The conentration of acetonitrile in the mobile phase changes from 10% to 100% within 85 minutes. The detection wavelength was set at 203 nm. The flow rate was 1.00 mL x min(-1) and column temperature was set at 30 degrees C.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The linear relationships of two authentic saponins were determined within the range from 7.55 microg to 60.40 microg (r=0.9996) and 8.00 microg to 48.00 microg (r=0.9996), respectively. Using the method above, the contents of two saponins were determined as 0.261% and 0.242%, with the recoveries as 98.6% and 98.3% with RSD 1.7% and 1.7%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A convenient and reliable method was developed to determine the content of two saponins in the dried rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis.</p>

Research of ginsenosides in kou zi qi using HPLC-MS-MS / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To analyze the ginsenosides in Kou zi qi (rhizomes of Panax japonicus C. A. Mey. var. major (Burkill) C. Y. Wu et K. M. Feng), and to supply evidences for chemotaxanology of Panax species and clinical uses of Kou zi qi.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The ginsenosides were isolated by HPLC, then the positive- and negative-ion API-MS/MS of constituents collected from HPLC were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eight ginsenosides were identified as ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Ro, chikuseksusaponins IV, IVa, notoginsenoside R2, ginsenosides Rb1, Rc and Rd, respectively, based on comparison of retention time with those of standards by HPLC, and analysis on their API-MS/MS data. Ginsenoside Ro and chikuseksusaponin IVa are the major components of Kou zi qi.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This plant had a close relationship to P. stipuleanatus, P. zinginensis and P. japonicus var major; a relatively remote relationship to P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius, in a view of chemotaxanology. Ginsenoside Ro and chikuseksusaponin IVa might be the anti-inflammatory constituents of Kou zi qi.</p>

A new triterpenoid saponin julibroside J_(24) from the stem bark of Albiza julibrissin / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To separate chemical and active constituents from the stem bark of Albiza julibrissin . Methods:Chromatography and spectral methods were used. Results:3 O ? D xylopyranosyl (1→2) ? L arabinopyranosyl (1→6) ? D glucopyranosyl 21 O {(6 S) 2 trans 2 hydroxymethyl 6 methyl 6 O [3 O (6 S ) 2 trans 2 hydroxymethyl 6 methyl 6 hydroxy 2,7 octadienoyl) ? D xylopyranosyl] 2,7 octadienoyl} acacic acid 28 O ? D glucopyranosyl (1→3) [? L arabinofuranosyl (1→4)] ? L rhamnopyranosyl (1→2) ? D glucopyranosyl ester (1) was separated and identified. Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new saponin named as Julibroside J 24 .