Interprofessional Undergraduate Analytical Study on Anger Management

Introduction:Anger has been defined in many ways from “a negative, phenomenological (or internal) feeling state”to “a basic emotion in which the function is to provide the organism with motivated capacities to overcome obstacles”.Anger has been the subject of many discourses and its vehemence in many religions and cultures. The study aimed to determine the ability of anger management among different gender and factors associated with anger management. Methods: This is a cross-sectional prospective study. The validated ‘Quality of Life’ questionnaire from University of Washington, Seattle Washington, United Sates of Americaand Novaco Anger Scale from Mental Health America of Northern Kentucky & Southwest Ohio (WHOQOL-BREF) were used for students’ perception on anger management. Quantitative data were analyzed using Epi Info Version. 7 Software. Results:The total of 358 students participated in this study. There is a significant association between anger management among different ethnicity.Conclusion: Gender was not a significant factor in anger management, it was probably due to equal opportunity among male and female in acquiring education, application for scholarships and usage of education facilities. Gender equality had a big impact in enhancing the good anger management properties

The impact of stressors on the learning outcome of highfidelity patient simulation in undergraduate medical students

@#Introduction: Simulation of the clinical setting incorporates an educational approach connecting a learner to a particular environment of learning. Undergraduate students in the health sector experience anxiety during simulation that influences their performance which ultimately affects their learning outcome. This study attempts to correlate the impact of stressors on learning outcome of high-fidelity patient simulation (HFPS) in undergraduate medical education. Objective: This research is to analyze the impact of stressors and its relevance on the learning outcome of HFPS as a teaching-learning tool for the management of emergency surgical conditions including trauma. Materials and Methods: This study is a Quasi-experimental time series design. A total number of 347 final-year undergraduate (MBBS) students of Melaka-Manipal Medical College, Malaysia. They were grouped and assessed individually by pre-test and post-tests on their knowledge, performance and associated stressor scores. The one-way repeated measure of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the statistically significant differences in total score at pre-test simulation and post-test-simulation sessions. Friedman test was used for assessment of individual components of stressors. Pre-test and post-tests scores were compared to note progress in confidence and stress reduction. P value <0.001 was considered statistically significant. Results: ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analysis showed a statistically significant (p <0.001) difference in stressor score over time. The drop-in stress was significant initially but flattened out later. Conclusion: Stress significantly decreased as the students were exposed to more sessions of HFPS which ultimately translated into better learning outcome.

Association of Well-Being Index and Cognitive Impairment with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Patients of Malaysia: A Case-Control Study

The purpose of this study was to determine the association of well-being and cognitive impairment with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Malaysia. Fifty-four individuals were recruited for study as cases were matched with 60 individuals as the control subjects, and data were collected using the WHO well-being index and the validated 6-item cognitive impairment test dementia test. The results showed that there was no significant association between gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and POAG. Patients with POAG had significantly lower well-being index scores (mean 67.93) than the control group (mean 81.60) with P-value < 0.001. Similarly, patients with POAG had a significantly higher score of cognitive impairment (CIT test) (mean 6.15) compared to the control group (mean 0.40) with P-value < 0.001. Consequently, POAG is likely to be associated with higher cognitive impairment and lower well-being index.

Causes of stress and their change with repeated sessions as perceived by undergraduate medical students during high-fidelity trauma simulation.

Background. It is known that simulation training is associated with stress for the trainees, at all levels of trainee experience. We explored the factors which were perceived by the trainees to cause them the maximum stress related to their simulation experience and their temporal changes over three simulation sessions. Methods. Ninety-seven final year medical students were administered a Likert-type questionnaire on perceived stressors after trauma simulation training. These stressors were classified as intrapsychic (relating to internal feelings); interpersonal (relating to interaction with others) and interactive (related to interaction with the simulated patient). Non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis. Results. Death of the simulated patient scored highest of all stressors. When the median scores for intrapsychic, interpersonal or interactive items were plotted session-wise, three distinct types of graphs were obtained. Eight of 13 items had a decrease in perceived stress scores from the first to the second session. Only ‘death of the simulated patient’ showed a significant increase in the score from the second to the third session. Conclusion. Undergraduate medical trainees experienced stress due to various factors during their first simulation session, which reduced with repeated sessions. However, perceived stress related to simulated death of a patient continued to remain high even after two repetitions. We suggest that simulation training programmes for undergraduate medical students should have at least one repeat session to reduce the stress and that facilitators should consider keeping the simulated patient alive throughout the training sessions.

Posterior Capsule Rupture during Phacoemulsification among Patients with Pseudoexfoliation–Is There A Correlation?

This study was done to correlate the occurrence of posterior capsule rupture among patients with pseudoexfoliation during phacoemulsification. This was a retrospective audit of patients who underwent phacoemulsification type cataract surgery from January 2011 to December 2012 in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. Data was obtained from the National Eye Database (NED) of Malaysia. The data was analysed using SPSS version 21.0. By using logistic regression analysis, it was found that there was no significant increase in the occurrence of posterior capsule rupture among patients with pseudoexfoliation. Hence, we concluded that there was no correlation between the occurrence of posterior capsule rupture and the presence of pesudoexfoliation among patients who underwent phacoemulsification.

Comparison between efficacy of oral artemether 480mg and combination of oral artemether 480mg and mefloquine 1000mg in acute uncomplicated p. falciparum malaria

A prospective study comparing the efficacy of Artemether capsule (160 mg. tat and 80 mg. 12 hourly for four doses with a total dose of 480 mg.) as a single drug regimen and a combination drug regimen of Artemether capsule 480 mg. as above together with oral Mefloquine two equal split doses (500 mg 6 hours apart) was carried out at the No. 2, Military Hospital, Yangon during January 1993 and September, 1993. 30 patients were included in oral Artemether single drug regimen and 35 patients were included in oral Artemether and Mefloquine combination drug regimen. The mean age of two groups were 25.82 years and 25.37 years respectively. The initial parasite counts were 13736 and 16879 per microlitre respectively. All patients cleared the parasites initially in both groups. However, 12 patients (40 percent) recrudesced as RI cases in Artemether single drug regimen and thus cure rate was 60 percent. In combination drug regimen group 2 patients (5. 71 percent) recrudesced and cure rate was 94.29 percent. The parasite clearance time (PCT), fever clearance time (FCT) and 50 percent reduction time were compared in both groups and the results were 44.85*** 19.01 hours, 26.56*** 14.14 hours, 40.25*** 16.76 hours, 23.77*** 18.69 hours and 14.28*** 10.11 hours, 12.94*** 6.86 hours respectively. Significant side effects were not noted among patients in both groups. This study showed that Artemether capsule and Mefloquine combination drug regimen has higher efficacy interms of PCT, FCT and 50 percent reduction time than Artemether capsule single drug regimen for patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Myanmar.