RESUMEN
Orthosiphon aristatus (Lamiaceae) is a perennial herbaceous plant native to tropical Southeast Asia countries. The chemical investigation on this plant led to the isolation and structure elucidation of a new vomifoliol derivative (1) along with eighteen known phenolic compounds [cystosiphonin (2), 5,7,8-trimethoxyflavanone (3), scutellarein-7,4′-methylether (4), eupatorin (5), 5,6,7,8,4′-pentamethoxyflavone (6), 5,6,7,4′-tetramethylscutellarein (7), 5,6,7,8,3′,4′-hexamethoxyflavone (8), 6-hydroxy-5,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone (9), 6,7,8,3′,4′-pentamethoxyflavone (10), 5,6,3′-trihydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone (11), 5,6-dihydroxy-7,3′,4′-trimethoxy flavone (12), 4′-hydroxy-5,6,7,3′-tetramethoxyflavone (13), 2′-hydroxy-3,4,4′,5′,6′-pentamethoxy-chalcone (14), isoquercetin (15), quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl (1→6)-β-Dglucopyranoside (16), caffeic acid (17), rosmarinic acid (18), and (6S,9R)-roseoside (19)]. The structures of isolates were confirmed via spectroscopic data such as one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance,circular dichroism, mass, ultraviolet and optical rotation.
RESUMEN
A new bicyclic megastigmane derivative, (3S,6S)-amoreol (1), was isolated and determined along with twenty known compounds, dihydrosinapic acid (2), 2,6-dimethoxyterephthalic acid (3), 4-methoxybenzoic acid (4), 4-ethylbenzene-1,2-diol (5), ethylparaben (6), vanillic acid (7), ferulic acid (8), 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid (9), ethyl dihydroferulate (10), dihydroconiferyl alcohol (11), 1,2-dihydrodendroarboreol B (12), 1,2-dihydropanaxydiol (13), panaxydiol (14), panaxytriol (15), (S)-cis-abscisic acid (16), (R)-trans-abscisic acid (17), (6R,9S)-blumenol C (18), (3S,5R,6S,7E)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-7-megastigmene-9-one (19), (+)-salicifoliol (20), imperatorin (21), indole-3-carboxaldehyde (22) from the by-product of ginseng berry extract. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined through spectroscopic techniques including UV, 1D-, and 2D NMR, CD, MS and optical rotation. The absolute configuration of 1 was elucidated based on the experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIMS@#Intestinal cholesterol absorption includes intestinal Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) and is an important target pathway in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the expression of NPC1L1 and its correlation with liver X receptor (LXR) expression in peripheral mononuclear (PMN) cells in patients with NAFLD.@*METHODS@#We evaluated intestinal expression of NPC1L1 in 25 NAFLD patients and 28 healthy controls. We calculated the mRNA expression levels of LXR and farnesoid X receptor (FXR), which are master players of cholesterol metabolism in PMN cells. The protein expression of ABCA1, ABCG5/8, NPC1L1, SREBP, LXR, FXR, and CD36 was measured on tissue samples from the duodenum and ileum.@*RESULTS@#The expression of LXR (p = 0.01) and FXR (p = 0.03) in PMN cells was increased in the NAFLD group compared to the control group. Duodenal NPC1L1 decreased in the NAFLD group compared to the healthy controls (3.38 ± 1.4 vs. 2.42 ± 1.2, p = 0.05). NPC1L1 expression in the duodenum was negatively correlated with LXR expression in PMN cells. Expression of LXR and FXR in the ileum was also negatively correlated with the expression of LXR in PMN cells.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Duodenal NPC1L1 expression was decreased in NAFLD and was negatively correlated with LXR expression in PMN cells.