Caso clínico de una meningitis por reactivación del virus varicela zóster en un paciente inmunocompetente / Case report of an inmunocompetent patient with reactivation of varicela zoster as meningitis

En este reporte presentamos el caso de un niño de 15 años sin antecedentes mórbidos, que consulta por un cuadro de cefalea febril, erupción cutánea de características herpéticas en tórax, en quien finalmente se confirma el diagnóstico de meningitis por varicela zóster. La literatura nos muestra que la reactivación del virus varicela zóster en forma de meningitis es rara y en general afecta a la población inmunocomprometida, sin embargo, existen algunos reportes de casos similares al que se presenta, por lo que se debiese considerar como germen causal de meningitis, en la población inmunocompetente.

This is a case report about a 15-year-old boy with no other previous medical history than chicken pox. His symptoms were headache, fever and a rash with vesicles in the dermatome that corresponds to T8. He was diagnosed with meningitis by the varicella-zoster virus. The information in the literature is scarce and shows that reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus as meningitis is rare and generally affects immunodeficient patients; however, there are some case reports similar to this case in which the varicella-zoster virus is the agent involved, so it should also be considered in immunocompetent patients diagnosed with meningitis.

Imagen de pseudo hemorragia subaracnoidea en un paciente con encelopatía hipóxico-isquémica / Pseudo subarachnoid hemorrhage imaging in a patient with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

Algunas enfermedades del sistema nervioso central pueden imitar el patrón tomográfico de la hemorragia subaracnoidea, la más frecuente es la encefalopatía hipóxico isquémica. Su reconocimiento por especialistas es trascendente ya que evita el estudio y tratamiento agresivo en este grupo de pacientes. Presentamos un caso con diagnóstico clínico y tomográfico probable, pero sin confirmación ya que no se realizó estudio de LCR ni autopsia. El paciente sufrió una encefalopatía hipóxica-isquémica cuya tomografía computada al tercer día mostró una imagen sugerente de pseudohemorragia subaracnoidea inexistente al ingreso.

Some catastrophic diseases of the central nervous system can simulate the tomographic pattern of the subarachnoid hemorrhage; the most frequent is the hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. The recognition of this entity by the physicians can prevent an aggressive study and treatment of this group of patients. We present a case with clinical and tomographic probably diagnosis but without final confirmation by cerebrospinal fluid analysis or autopsy. A patient who developed a hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, three days after, his brain computed tomography showed a pseudo subarachnoid hemorrhage imaging.

Infarto maligno de la arteria cerebral media en una paciente con meningitis bacteriana / Malignant infarct of the middle cerebral artery in a patient with bacterial meningitis

The mortality of acute bacterial meningitis (BM) has remained stable in the last decades in spite of the use of new antibiotics, probably due to vascular complications. We report a 68-year-old woman with BM who had a malignant infarction of left middle cerebral artery territory 72 hours after admission to the hospital. The patient experienced a bad evolution and died four days after admission. The arterial involvement in patients with BM is explained by vasospasm of large arteries and vasculitis of small arteries. The medical treatment of a malignant middle cerebral artery infarct has a high mortality.