[ relationship between catastrophizing, pain-related anxiety and coping strategies in cancer patients]

Introduction: The pain caused by cancer affected by 50 to 90 percent of patients with cancer and anxiety caused by these diseases and cancer treatment increases the need for supporting patients, Therefore their coping strategies adopted by patients in adapt is important roles. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between pain catastrophizing, pain-related anxiety, social support and coping strategies of pain in patients with cancer

Methods: Type of cross - sectional study was correlational. A total of 110 cancer patients referred to 5[th] Azar Hospital [2013] were recruited Convenience sampling into the study. Questionnaire pain catastrophizing, pain anxiety, pain, social support and coping strategies were used. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS16 software and doing descriptive and inferential statistics, and considering levels of significance [P<0.05]

Results: The results showed that Mean and standard deviation of Pain Catastrophizing in patients [23.9 +/- 8.8], pain-related anxiety [35.7 +/- 18.4], coping strategies [107.9 +/- 38.8], social support [151.1 +/- 15.8]. The Pearson correlation test, showed is significant differences between pain catastrophizing [P=0.00, R=-0.46], pain-related anxiety [P=0/00, R=-0/47], coping strategies [P=0/00, R=0/46] with social support

Conclusions: The results showed that significant differences are between pain catastrophizing pain-related anxiety, coping strategies and social support patients with cancer. Therefore, developing a comprehensive care program for patients cancer with Strengthen coping strategies, Increase social support In order to reduce the level of anxiety and pain catastrophizing is recommended

[Puberty and sex education to girls: experiences of gorganians' mothers]

Introduction: Puberty and sex education always is one of concerning issues in child training, as many of parents are not easy in discussing it with their children. Traditionally, mothers have the main responsibility of child health training are and care health decisions. The aim of this study was to explain the mothers' experiences with sex and puberty informal education for their own children

Materials and Methods: This qualitative study, conducted in 2012 over 24 mothers with 6-18 year old children. The sampling method was purposeful with maximum variation. To evaluate reliability and dependability, the credibility, transferability and conformability were used. The data was gathered by individual semi-structured interactive interviews, recorded, transcribed and was analyzed according to Morse' content analysis method

Findings: One of the analyzed data was [motherhood tasks and girls preparation for the puberty]. Sub-themes were [menstrual hygiene training], [respect for religious issues], [gender roles] and [hidden training of sex issues. The last category consists of two sub-themes. [In preparation for the role of gender] and [vulnerability of the opposite sex]

Conclusion: Formal adult education in the nation's health care system is essential. Despite the cultural changes puberty on Iran, the dominant secular culture of family and community, the puberty are discreet and quiet

[Workplace behaviors and its correlation with demographic characteristics: perspective of nurses in teaching hospitals in Gorgan]

Incivility behavior and violence have long-term complication on individual performance. These behaviors cause complex issues at workplace in the nursing profession and lead to embarrassment and threats of nurses and patients health and endanger the climate. The aim of this study was to determine workplace behaviors and its correlation with demographic characteristics, perspective of nurses in teaching hospitals in Gorgan. In this descriptive - correlational study, 232 nurses who employed at two hospitals in Gorgan were participated. Data collected by "Nursing Incivility Scale", "[NIS]". Validity of this scale was approved with face validity and reliability through test-retest [Cronbach's alpha=0.86]. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and linear regression models with SPSS/16. The total score of incivility from the perspective of nurses was 3.89 of 5.00 likert. The most incivility behavior score was reported with physician interacting and the lowest was observed in the interaction of nurses with a supervisor. There was a significant correlation between age and type of employment with incivility behaviors [[P=0.04] and [P=0.02] respectively. Similarly, the correlation between working in type of hospital ward and incivility behaviors was significant [P=0.02]. The highest score of incivility behavior reported in the emergency ward was 4.43 from 5 and the lowest in genecology ward was 2.71 from 5. Incivility behaviors among nurses can affect the quality of services provided by them. Therefore, considering factors that lead to incivility in nursing workplace is necessary

[ quality of pregnant women life with nausea and vomiting]

About 50-90% of pregnant women at the first trimester of the pregnancy experience nausea and vomiting. Nausea and vomiting has deep impact on well being and daily living activities. The aim of this study has been to explore the quality of pregnant women life with nausea and vomiting. This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study has been conducted on 120 pregnant women that referred to medical and health centers in Gorgan [North of Iran] during 2008. The data sampling method was purposeful. For assessing quality of life, SF-36 questionnaire and for evaluation nausea and vomiting "Rhodes scale" were applied. The data analyzed with SPSS using T-test, Chi-square, and Spearman test. Quality life of 60% of women with the average higher than 50, showed a high performance. 40% of women with the average lower than 50 had lower performance too. In terms of intensity, nausea and vomiting for 21.7% of the women were severe, 59.2% moderate, and 32.5% mild. According to Spearman test, there was a significant relationship between quality of life and severity of nausea and vomiting [r=0.04]. The relationships among the quality of life, age of mother [p=0.04], education of mother [p=0.04], and academic education of husband [p=0.01] were significant. The quality of life only in a small percentage of the women is desirable and also the relationship between quality of life with nausea and vomiting is significant. It is essential that health care workers consider the impact of nausea and vomiting on quality of the pregnant women life and provide appropriate interventions to support pregnant mothers

Viewpoints of middle-school students of gorgan about respecting the children's rights by their parents

Nowadays, throughout the world particularly in developed countries, an important part of the material and spiritual resources devoted to children and their physical and psychological needs. Of course, in this regard, parents have a major responsibility to provide children with their basic rights. The aim of this study was to survey the middle-school students' viewpoints about respecting their rights by parents. In this cross-sectional study, 1016 male and female middle-school students of Gorgan city were included in 2008 using a randomised multistage cluster sampling procedure. A questionnaire containing 31 specific questions obtained from the United Nations Child Rights Charter was individually filled out for each student. The data was then analyzed by descriptive and nonparametric statistical tests using the SPSS software. Our findings showed that 70.6% of students stated that their rights were completely respected by their parents. The relationships between student's gender [p=0.04], parents education [p=0.001], father's job [p=0.001], family income [p=0.001], and family size [p=0.001] with respecting children rights by parents were statistically significant. Although, many aspects are involved in promoting the physical and psychological well-being of children, the role of parents is of critical significance. Results showed that overall the satisfaction rate of children regarding respecting their rights by parents was reasonable

[Sirenomelia: a case report]

A case of sirenomelic newborn is reported. The newborn was stillborn and was having fused lower extremities with numerous anomalies. There are no information regarding internal anomalies as no autopsy was done. Considering the growing needs of people to getting aware of genetic issues, nurses need to be trained to provide such services

[ ups and downs of sex life in menopausal stage: a qualitative study]

The meaning of menopause and women experience of this transitional stage are related to cultural norms, social factors and one's knowledge of menopause. Women's image of menopasuse affects self-care and follow-ups during this stage. Among them is consideration of sexuality which is often ignored. The aim of this study was to discover menopausal complications in Iranian women. 14 women in menopausal stage were interviewed about their clinical experience. The interviews were transcribed and then analyzed using Van Manen's phenomenology technique. Data analysis showed that one of the women's most important clinical experiences of menopause which they can deliberately express was the start of a new stage. Since, according to those women, changes in their life style were being made in comparison with earlier stages, one of the most important problems that escaped unobserved was sexual challenges which started at this stage. The findings this study reveal women's beliefs about their sex life. This can be used as a basis for education and offering guidelines in order to increase their quality of life

Comfort of hospitalized patients: a missed concept

Historically, comfort has been an optimal outcome in caring of hospital patients though, the concept of comfort from patients perspective is rarely assessed. The aim of this study was to explore hospitalized Medical-Surgical patients experiences and perceptions regarding of comfort and discomfort. A qualitative approach using grounded theory was adopted in this study. The data collected by semi-structured interviews and participants' observation, from a purposive sample of 31 medical-surgical patients, with 11 patients accompanied relatives who were subjected to questions and constant comparative analysis. This study was conducted in five large teaching and semi-private hospitals in Iran. Date analysis covered a number of themes obviously included discomfort. In fact, experiencing discomfort was so persistent in the data, that it formed several categories including [physical, psychosocial and environmental discomfort]. Self help and organizing of informal caring web, and seeking help from others, were the participants' main strategies to deal with discomfort. The finding indicated that hospitalization of patients is not always necessarily equivalent to effective deal with caring and therapeutic needs. Patients experience a lot of distress related to hospital's policies, regulations and priorities. Patients can have active role for discomfort management. In addition, it is highlited the roles of patients' relative and care-givers in hospitals. Therefore, without cooperation of care-givers [patients' relatives], the quality of nursing care could be disturbed seriously