Prevalence of Echinococcus infections in wild carnivores based on copro - DNA tests in Serthar County of Sichuan Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the prevalence of Echinococcus infections in wild carnivores in Serthar County, Sichuan Province, so as to provide insights into echinococcosis control in local areas.@*METHODS@#Stool samples were collected from wild carnivores in Serthar County, Sichuan Province in May 2021, and the host sources of stool samples and Echinococcus infections were identified using PCR assays. The prevalence of E. multilocularis, E. granulosus and E. shiquicus infections was estimated in different hosts.@*RESULTS@#A total of 583 stool samples were collected from wild carnivores, including 147 stool samples from fox, 154 from wolf, 227 from wild dogs and 11 from lynx. The overall prevalence of E. multilocularis, E. granulosus and E. shiquicus infections was 5.68%, 0.19% and 14.20% in canine stool samples, and no E. granulosus infection was detected in fox stool samples, while the prevalence of E. multilocularis and E. shiquicus infections was 0.68% and 47.62% in fox stool samples (χ2 = 88.41, P < 0.001). No E. granulosus or E. shiquicus infection was detected in wolf stool samples, and the prevalence of E. multilocularis infection was 10.39% in wolf stool samples. The prevalence of E. multilocularis, E. granulosus and E. shiquicus infections was 5.73%, 0.44% and 2.20% in canine stool samples (χ2 = 12.13, P < 0.01). In addition, the prevalence of E. multilocularis infections was significantly higher in wolf stool samples than in canine and fox stool samples (χ2 = 13.23, P < 0.01), and the prevalence of E. shiquicus infections was significantly higher in fox stool samples than in canine and wolf stool samples (χ2 = 187.01, P < 0.001). No Echinococcus infection was identified in 11 lynx stool samples.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The prevalence of Echinococcus infections is high in wild canines in Serthar County, Sichuan Province. Wolf, wild dog and fox all participate in the wild life cycle of E. multilocularis in Serthar County, and wolf and wild dogs may play a more important role.

Morphological and Molecular Phylogenetic Data of the Chinese Medicinal Fungus Cordyceps liangshanensis Reveal Its New Systematic Position in the Family Ophiocordycipitaceae

A cordycipitoid fungus infecting Hepialidae sp. in Nepal was supposed to be identical to Cordyceps liangshanensis, originally described from southwestern China, and thus, transferred to the genus Metacordyceps or Papiliomyces in previous studies. However, our multi-gene (nrSSU-nrLSU-tef-1α-rpb1-rpb2) phylogenetic and morphological studies based on the type specimen and additional collections of C. liangshanensis revealed that the fungus belongs to the genus Ophiocordyceps (Ophiocordycipitaceae). Therefore, a new combination O. liangshanensis was made, and a detailed description of this species was provided.

Morphological and Molecular Phylogenetic Data of the Chinese Medicinal Fungus Cordyceps liangshanensis Reveal Its New Systematic Position in the Family Ophiocordycipitaceae

A cordycipitoid fungus infecting Hepialidae sp. in Nepal was supposed to be identical to Cordyceps liangshanensis, originally described from southwestern China, and thus, transferred to the genus Metacordyceps or Papiliomyces in previous studies. However, our multi-gene (nrSSU-nrLSU-tef-1α-rpb1-rpb2) phylogenetic and morphological studies based on the type specimen and additional collections of C. liangshanensis revealed that the fungus belongs to the genus Ophiocordyceps (Ophiocordycipitaceae). Therefore, a new combination O. liangshanensis was made, and a detailed description of this species was provided.

Progress in research of family-based cohort study on common chronic non-communicable diseases in rural population in northern China / 中华流行病学杂志

Family-based cohort study is a special type of study design, in which biological samples and environmental exposure information of the member in a family are collected and related follow up is conducted. Family-based cohort study can be applied to explore the effect of genetic factors, environmental factors, gene-gene interaction, and gene-environment interaction in the etiology of complex diseases. This paper summarizes the objectives, methods and results, as well as the opportunities and challenges of the family-based cohort study on common chronic non-communicable diseases in rural population in northern China.

Interaction between dietary cholesterol intake and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To investigate the influence of dietary cholesterol intake on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), at one year prior to and first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Methods: Between March 2012 and September 2016, the pregnant women from the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were asked to fill in a set of questionnaires, by which information on general demographic characteristics, diagnosis of GDM and dietary cholesterol intake was collected. Unconditional logistic regression method was used to analyze the influence of dietary cholesterol intake on GDM, at one year prior to and first and second trimesters of pregnancy. The association on dietary cholesterol intake and GDM between age groups was also analyzed. Results: Data on 9 005 subjects, including 1 388 pregnant women with GDM, was collected. When the amount of cholesterol intake was stratified into quartile, results from the unconditional logistic regression showed that dietary cholesterol intake appeared ≥76.50 mg/d, both in the periods of one year prior to and the second trimester of pregnancy. This amount of dietary cholesterol intake would increase the risk of GDM (one year prior to pregnant: OR=1.230, 95%CI: 1.018-1.485; second trimester: OR=1.228, 95%CI:1.014- 1.486). Women who took ≥76.50 mg/d of daily cholesterol during the period of one year prior to, or 46.75-76.50 mg/d during the second trimester of pregnancy, the risks of GDM (OR=4.644, 95%CI: 1.106-19.499) would increase. Women with daily cholesterol intake over 76.50 mg/d during the period of one year prior to or at the second trimester of pregnancy, there appeared a risk on GDM (OR=1.217, 95%CI: 1.012-1.463). When maternal age was divided in two different subgroups and the cholesterol intake level was ≥76.50 mg/d both in the period of one year prior to pregnancy or at the second trimester, the risk of GDM appeared in the subgroup of<35 years old (OR=1.336, 95%CI:1.083-1.647; OR=1.341, 95%CI: 1.087-1.654). However, no significant association was found in the maternal age group of ≥35 years old. Conclusion: High level of dietary cholesterol intake would increase the risk of GDM, both in the period of one year prior to and at the second trimester of pregnancy.

Seasonal distribution of patient hospitalization due to asthma exacerbation in 7 geographic areas in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the seasonal distribution of patient hospitalization due to asthma exacerbation in 7 geographic areas in China. Methods: This was a retrospective study which involved patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation in 29 hospitals throughout 7 geographic areas in the mainland of China (northeast, north, central, east, south, northwest and southwest). The numbers of asthmatic patients and total inpatients of the respiratory department of each hospital were recorded. The monthly ratio of asthmatic patients to the total inpatients in every area was calculated and compared. Results: During the study period, 6 480 patients were admitted for asthma exacerbation, accounting for 3.14% of all the 206 135 patients admitted to the respiratory departments in the 29 hospitals. The ratio of asthmatic patients to total inpatients in the northeast area (5.61%) was highest, and the ratio in east area was lowest (1.97%). Statistical analysis showed that the difference among different areas was significant (P<0.000 1). In most areas, both the number and proportion of hospitalized asthmatic patients peaked in spring (February-April) and autumn (September-October). In the northeast area, east area and south area, the peaks in spring were more obvious, while in the north area and southwest area, the peaks in autumn were more obvious. In the northwest area the peaks occurred in winter (December-January) and summer (June-August), respectively. The differences in hospitalization due to asthma among different months were significant in the northeast, north, and southwest areas (P<0.005). Conclusion: The number of patients hospitalized for asthma exacerbation fluctuated with season in different areas in China. In most areas, more asthmatic patients were admitted to hospitals in spring and autumn.

Internal loads of nutrients in Lake Chaohu of China: implications for Lake Eutrophication

This study investigated the impact of internal nitrogen and phosphorus loading on water quality of Lake Chaohu, China. Results showed that the overall mean concentration of TN and TP in lake water was 1.09 +/- 0.84 and 0.15 +/- 0.84 [SD] mg/L, respectively, indicating Lake Chaohu was highly eutrophic during the study period. Mean benthic flux of NH[4+], NO[3-], and PO[43-] were 3.56 +/- 1.52 mg N/m[2]/d, -0.14 +/- 0.40 mg N/m[2]/ d, and -1.54 +/- 21.94 micro g P/m[2]/d in summer and were 3.16 +/- 1.83 mg N/m[2]/d, -0.03 +/- 0.30 mg N/m[2]/d, and - 0.11 +/- 2.58 micro g P/m[2]/d in fall, respectively. In this study, lake sediments acted as both a source of NH[4+] and a sink of PO[4][3-]. A scenario was used to understand the role of sediments on lake water quality. Results showed that Lake Chaohu would be eutrophic within a month under the impact of internal NH[4+] loading when water was diverted to the lake. This indicates that an integrated project combining both a diversion project and dredging of sediments would be necessary for future lake restoration

Biodegradation of cypermethrin by a newly isolated actinomycetes HU-S-01 from wastewater sludge

A new cypermethrin degrading strain was isolated from wastewater sludge using enrichment technique. On the basis of morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics tests and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the strain was determined to be a Streptomyces species, probably a strain of Streptomyces parvulus, so it was designated as Streptomyces sp. HU-S-01. The strain Streptomyces sp.HU-S-01 is aerobic and optimum growth temperature for the strain was found to be 26-28°C with initial pH range 6.0-9.0 and pH 7.5 was found to be the optimum. This strain can also completely degrade 3-phenoxybenzoic acid within 96 h at the concentration of 50 mg/L. The kinetic constants Vmax, Km, Kcat and Kcat/ Km of enzyme for cypermethrin were 1.236 micro mol/min, 6.418 micro mol/mL, 13.493 min and 2.102 mL/mol.min, respectively. The degradation products of cypermethrin were identified using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometric [GC-MS] analysis. The degradation pathway followed by HU-S-01 involves oxidative as well as hydrolyzing. Biodegradation ability of strain Streptomyces sp. HU-S-01 without toxic byproducts reveals its potential for further study as a biological agent for the remediation of soil, water or crops, contaminated with cypermethrin

Correlation between p33ING1b cytoplasmic transfer and lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common malignancy in the world today. ING1b/p33 is a newly-discovered tumor suppressor which enhances p53 activity. Transfer of p33 protein from nucleus to cytoplasmic compartment has been previously reported in leukemias. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between p33ing1b cytoplasmic transfer and lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Fifty seven patients treated with surgery alone or surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy for primary oral squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled into this study. Immunohistochemical expression of all of the above-mentioned markers was studied. Analysis of the sections demonstrated that p53 and MDM2 were expressed in 45.6% and 68.4% of patients, respectively. p33ING1b nuclear expression was completely absent while cytoplasmic translocation was noted in 78.9% of cases. Positive cytoplasmic expression of p33ING1b correlated with increased risk of lymphatic metastasis [p=0.04]. No further correlation with overall disease recurrence or survival was noted. Apparently, p33ING1b cytoplasmic transfer correlates with lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Chemical constituents in root of Hemerocallis fulva / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of the root of Hemerocallis fulva.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Compounds were isolated by repeated silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MCI gel, etc. column chromatography and their structures were determined by spectral analyses and physicochemical properties.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>From the n-butanol fraction of the EtOH extract of the roots of H. fulva, 9 glycosides were isolated and identified as sweroside (1), laganin (2), picraquassioside C (3), puerarin (4), 3'-methoxypuerarin (5), 7-hydro xylnaphthalide-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), orcinol-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside (7), HN saponin F (8), hederagenin-3-0-beta D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (9).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1-9 were isolated from the genus Hemerocallis for the first time.</p>