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Abstract Objective This retrospective study aimed to analyze the clinical efficacy of two regenerative surgical methods — Bio-Oss granules combined with barrier membranes and Bio-Oss Collagen alone — and to help clinicians achieve better periodontal regeneration outcomes in the specific periodontal condition. Methodology Patients who underwent periodontal regeneration surgery from January 2018 to April 2022 were retrospectively screened, and their clinical and radiographic outcomes at 6 months postoperatively were analyzed. The probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival recession (GR), distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the bottom of the bone defect (CEJ-BD), and depth of intrabony defects (INFRA) were recorded before the operation (T0) and 6 months after it (T1), and subsequently compared. Results In total, 143 patients were included — 77 were placed in the Bio-Oss group and 66 were placed in the Bio-Oss Collagen group. All indicators, including PD and CAL at T1, showed significant differences compared to baseline, for both groups (P<0.001). PD reduction was greater in the group receiving the Bio-Oss Collagen treatment (P=0.042). Furthermore, in cases when the baseline PD range was 7-11 mm and the age range was 35-50 years, PD reduction was more significant for patients receiving the Bio-Oss Collagen treatment (P=0.031, 0.023). A linear regression analysis indicated that postoperative PD and CAL were positively correlated with baseline values, and that the efficacy tended to decrease with increasing age. Conclusion Both the use of Bio-Oss Collagen alone and the use of Bio-Oss granules combined with barrier membranes resulted in significant effects in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. The Bio-Oss Collagen treatment generated more improvements in PD than the Bio-Oss granules combined with barrier membranes, particularly within the baseline PD range of 7-11 mm and the 35-50 years age group. Additionally, age was the main factor influencing the effectiveness of regenerative surgery for intrabony defects: older individuals exhibited fewer improvements.
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Objective@#To explore the clinical efficacy and imaging changes of minimally invasive nonsurgical periodontal therapy (MINST) assisted by endoscopy for deep intrabony defects and to compare its effectiveness with that of traditional scaling and root planning (SRP) to therefore provide a reference for clinical periodontal treatment.@*Methods@#Patients with deep intrabony defects ≥ 4 mm in size were selected and divided into two groups: the MINST (MINST, 20 cases, 81 sites) group and the classic scaling and root planing (SRP, 20 cases, 80 sites) group. Before treatment and 12 and 24 months after treatment, probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were examined. Moreover, changes in the depth and angle of the intrabony defects were analyzed. Follow-up examination and maintenance treatment should be conducted every 3 months for 12 months after the initial treatment and every 6 months thereafter until 24 months.@*Results@#The PD and CAL of patients in both groups continued to decrease (P<0.001), and imaging examinations revealed a decrease in defect depth and an increase in intrabony defect angle (P<0.001). The changes in the first 12 months were significantly greater than those in the last 12 months in both groups (P<0.001). The decreases in PD, CAL, and depth of intrabony defects and increase in angle in the MINST group were significantly greater than those in the SRP group (P<0.001). At 12 and 24 months after treatment, the PD and CAL in the MINST group were lower than those in the SRP group (P<0.001). The defect height of the MINST group decreased more than that of the SRP group (P<0.001), and the defect angle of the MINST group increased more than that of the SRP group (P<0.001).@*Conclusion@#Minimally invasive nonsurgical periodontal therapy can significantly promote the healing of deep intrabony defects and the regeneration of alveolar bone. Imaging reflects that alveolar bone healing is rapid at first and then slows. Compared with traditional SRP, endoscopically assisted MINST can yield better clinical indicators and imaging changes in intrabony defects.
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Objective To investigate the effects of paclitaxel and doxorubicin on the immune microenvironment of breast cancer in mice. Methods The CTR-DB database, a database for analysis of gene expression profiles and drug resistance characteristics related to tumor drug response, was used to analyze the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs on the immune microenvironment of breast cancer. Mouse models with breast cancer were established by in situ injection with 4T1 cells, a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Then they were treated with doxorubicin and paclitaxel, respectively. The sizes of tumor were recorded and analyzed by growth curve. The number of different types of immune cells was analyzed using flow cytometry. The expressions of Ki67, S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The cell cycles of 4T1 cells in paclitaxel group and doxorubicin group were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results The results of CTR_Microarray_75 analysis showed that the immune scores, and the number of cytotoxic lymphocytes, B lineages, CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), monocytic lineages and natural killer (NK) cells in chemotherapy-sensitive breast cancer were higher than those in chemotherapy-insensitive breast cancer. Through growth curve analysis in mice with breast cancer, we found that both paclitaxel and doxorubicin could inhibit the increase of the tumor sizes, and the paclitaxel showed a higher inhibitory effect. The results of cytometry displayed that both paclitaxel and doxorubicin could restrain the expression of Ki67 and increase the number of breast cancer cells in G2/M phase, and in the paclitaxel group, the expression of Ki67 was lower and the number of breast cancer cells in G2/M phase was larger. Paclitaxel and doxorubicin enhanced the infiltration of CD45+ immune cells but decreased the infiltration of neutrophils. Additionally, paclitaxel promoted the infiltration of CD3+CD4+ T helper cells, CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD45+CD19+B cells, while doxorubicin increased the infiltration of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). The results of immunohistochemistry displayed that the paclitaxel significantly inhibited the expression of S100A9, while the doxorubicin significantly restrained the expression of MMP9. Conclusion Paclitaxel and doxorubicin can effectively inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells and change immune microenvironment of TNBC by regulating the different patterns of cell infiltration and the expression of different extracellular matrix components.
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Animales , Ratones , Humanos , Paclitaxel/farmacología , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/tratamiento farmacológico , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos , Antígeno Ki-67 , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Calgranulina B , Microambiente TumoralRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Interbody fusion is an effective approach in the spinal surgery which is traditionally performed via auto/allogenic bone grafting,and it has a number of shortcomings as well as specific therapeutic effects. In the past few years, polymer interbody fusion cages have been gradually applied in clinical practice, which provides more options for spinal surgeons. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the advantages and disadvantages of degradable/non-degradable polymer materials respectively by analyzing their materialogy characteristics, and to further predict their application prospects. METHODS: PubMed, Ovid and CNKI were searched by computer to retrieve articles concerning the materialogy characteristics and application situation of common biomedical polymer materials in the spinal surgery. The key words were "spinal surgery, fusion cage, engineering plastic, degradable high polymer material" in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Up to now, a variety of polymer materials, especially degradable polymer materials, are still at the stage of exploring and primary research, and their in-depth studies, including animal and biomechanics experiments, are still expected to be done gradually. Except for PEEK interbody fusion cages, some polymer materials are still lack of large sample and multi-center clinical trials before further application.
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Objective: To investigate the effects of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene-silencing on the proliferation, migration and invasion of human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Methods: The recombinant lentiviral vectors with ATM gene-targeted specific shRNA or the negative control sequence (as the negative control group) were infected into the human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells to obtain the ATM gene-silencing cells. At the same time, the uninfected MDA-MB-231 cells was used as the blank control group. After screening by puromycin, the infection efficiency of each group was observed under a fluorescence microscope. The expressions of ATM mRNA and protein in MDA-MB-231 cells in the three groups were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The effects of ATM gene-silencing on proliferation, cycle distribution, migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells were analyzed by MTT method, FCM, cell wound healing assay and Transwell assays, respectively. Results: The human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells with stable ATM genesilencing were established successfully. Compared with the blank control and negative control groups, the proliferation and cell cycle distribution of MDA-MB-231 cells in ATM gene-silencing group had no significant change (all P > 0.05), but the migration and invasion abilities of MDA-MB-231 cells in ATM gene-silencing group were decreased significantly (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The down-regulation of ATM gene expression can significantly inhibit the migration and invasion of human triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Maintaining genetic diversity is a major issue in conservation biology. In this study, we demonstrate the differences of genetic diversity levels between wild and captive individuals of Elliot's Pheasant Syrmaticus ellioti. Wild individuals showed a higher genetic diversity level than that of the captive individuals. Nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity of wild individuals were 0.00628 and 0.993, while those of captive individuals were 0.00150 and 0.584 respectively. Only 3 haplotypes of mtDNA control region sequence were identified among 36 captive individuals, while 16 unique haplotypes were identified among the 17 wild individuals in this study. One captive haplotype was shared by a wild individual from Anhui Province. It is concluded that a low number of founders was the likely reason for the lower level genetic diversity of the captive group. Careful genetic management is suggested for captive populations, particularly of such an endangered species, to maintain genetic variability levels.