RESUMEN
This retrospective study analyses an epidemic with germs ESBL that supervenes at the department of hematology and pediatric oncology in UHC lbn roc Rochd of Casablanca. The responsible germ is the ESBL Escherichia coli. Six patients have been infected during the same period that 2 are female and 4 are male. Five patients had acute lenkemia, one patient had a non Hodgkin's disease. All the patients were in the stage of a deep postchermotherapy neutropenia. The picture of all the patients represented a severe infection with suffered fever and acute diarrhea. Five patients died with a picture of septic shock in the 48 to 72 hours after the beginning of the infection and before the identification of the germ. Their treatment consisted in the third generation of cephalosporin and aminoside. One patient who use the imipeneme more the aminoside has been apyrexized. The epidemic and severe situation led to the closing of the unit during a week in order to do a disinfection. After 12 monthes of recession of recession, few isolate episodes of infections with enterobacteries ESBL have observed and controlled. The factors that determine the increase and the diffusion of the ESBL germ are numerous and some of them are still not identified, the means of prevention consisted in: the fight against the selection of the resistant germs, the fight against the colonization of the patients by these germs and their transmission between the patients, this requires measures of hygiene and particularly the washing of the hands