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Background: Functional somatic symtpoms are common in patients with major depressive disorder. The aim of the research was to study the prevalence and typology of Functional Somatic Symptoms (FSS) in patients with depression. Methodology: A total of 50 patients participated in the study. They were assessed on Bradford Somatic Symptom inventory for Functional Somatic Symptoms (FSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for severity of depression, and Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale? anxiety index (CPRS?AI) for anxiety symptoms. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 41.36 years (SD?12.79). Gender distribution was gender distribution (male ? 60% vs. females 40%). Majority of the symptoms were found in married (84%), Hindus (92%), and from nuclear family (58%). A more than half of the patients were from urban background (76%). The mean duration of illness at the time of assessment was 36 months. As per BDI severity score 36% have mild, 38% have moderate and 26% have severe depression. Total mean CPRS-AI is (8.78±4.46).The more common FSS as assessed on Bradford Somatic Inventory were severe headache (88%), feeling tired when not working (86%), lack of energy (weakness) much of the time (84%), pain in legs (82%), aches and pains all over the body (72%), mouth or throat getting dry (72%), head feeling heavy (70%), head feeling hot or burning (68%), pain or tension in neck and shoulder (66%), low back trouble (66%) and sweating a lot (64%). The prevalence and typology of FSS was to a certain extent influenced by the sociodemographic variables and severity of depression. Conclusion: Functional somatic symptoms are highly prevalent in depressed patients and hence deserve more attention while diagnosing depression
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Background: Mental Health Literacy (MHL) for Substance Use and related disorders in college students is important as adolescents are at high risk for initiating substance use due to peer pressure and social influences. Poor knowledge about harmful effects of substance and positive association between poor knowledge and negative attitude towards substance users is observed in college students. Aims: Study aimed to assess the Substance Use related Mental Health Literacy in Medical and Nursing College students at Tertiary Care Hospital attached to Medical College. 2Methods:It was a cross- sectional observational study in 2nd and 3rd Year Medical and Nursing college students. Substance Use related ‘Knowledge and Attitude Addiction Questionnaire for Adolescents’ (KAAQA),( 31 items with ‘yes’ or ‘no’ response) a self-reported questionnaire was used. IEC permission was taken. Written Informed consent was taken from all participants. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 15. Results: Majority of students (76.1%) reported that substance abusing youths are influential in their group. Majority (90.4%) knew the harmful effect of substance. Nursing students had low knowledge and negative attitude towards substance use and users as compared to Medical students. Compared to nursing students, low self intake of substance and increase assertiveness was found in medical students. Conclusion: Study identified low knowledge and attitude of students towards Substance Use. It highlighted the need for more awareness programs in medical and nursing colleges to promote a better understanding of substance use and problems related to it and designing intervention and support programs.
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Background and Objectives: Psychiatry lectures & clinical posting are the only learning experience ofpsychiatry for Medical Graduates. Only interns attend their compulsory psychiatry posting. The aim is tomake Interns competent to elicit & write proper history of MDD and able to describe different componentsof history taking, diagnostic criteria, to demonstrate communication skills.Methods: It was a Prospective Interventional Study done in 45 Interns posted consecutively in Psychiatry.On Day1, Interns were asked to take and write history of MDD patient and evaluated on Checklist forhistory taking (10 components), SMCQ (15) and Mini-CEX. Then Interns were taught about MDD by CBL,SGL and Role Play. On Day 7, they were again evaluated on Mini-CEX. On term ending, they were againevaluated as per Day1. Feedback of Interns and faculties were taken. Appropriate Statistical Tests were usedusing SPSS Version 16.Results: On Checklist for history taking of MDD apart from Negative History and Mental StatusExamination, Interns’ skills improved significantly. Mean score on SMCQ got doubled from 6±0.83 to12±0.83. On Mini-CEX, apart from clinical judgement, counselling skills and overall clinical competence,Interns improved from unsatisfactory to superior level. Feedback was positive on most of the componentsof study but few were satisfied completely with their history writing & communication skills and diagnosingability. Faculties’ perceptions were very encouraging.Conclusion: Teaching of MDD case history taking was well taken & perceived by interns. Knowledge aboutMDD & competency to take history and identifying patients of MDD improved satisfactorily
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Background: In today’s world there is a continuous struggle between science and spirituality, with a lot ofdoctors feeling that religion gets in the way of scientific treatment and sometimes also leads to very direand dangerous consequences. While a lot of older concepts are invalid today, there is a reason why suchconcepts existed in the first place and they were also backed by some sort of logic and rationale. It istherefore essential to compare and correlate the older concepts with the newer ones since they shall alsogive an insight regarding the existing psychological concepts at that time.Methodology: We studied and compared the various stages of ego development currently accepted mainlyincluding Loevinger’s and Piaget’s stages of ego and cognitive development and correlated it with theIndian mythological concepts of Manas, Buddhi, Chitta and Ahamkara. They can also be correlated withcertain concepts by Freud, Jung and Erikson. The sources of this information were various religiousscriptures like the Vedas and the Bhagwad Gita and at the same time we have correlated it with variousinterpretations mentioned in encyclopaedias like Britannica and DK.Result: While the study is our interpretation of the review of literature, we do realize that mythologicalconcepts are very abstract due to the wide time span; and various writers and scripture producers and theirinterpretations are also very subjective. The clinical significance of this paper comprises of correlation ofvarious symptoms with older concepts like disorders in Manas may mean perceptual disturbances ordisturbances in Buddhi may translate to disturbances in executive functions.Conclusion: While a lot of mental healthcare professionals do have a lot of scepticism in being open to themythological concepts of human psychology, this paper emphasises that there was a certain observableand objective basis to these concepts exist, which can also be co-related with the modern-day concepts ofpsychology.