RESUMEN
This comprehensive review explores the critical role of soil management practices in enhancing carbon sequestration, thereby contributing to climate change mitigation. Recognizing soil as a significant carbon sink capable of holding substantial carbon amounts, the review delves into the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) and the impact of various agricultural practices on carbon flux. Key topics include the fundamental processes of carbon sequestration in soil, the dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM), and the factors influencing carbon sequestration such as climate, soil texture, land use, and management practices. It provides an in-depth analysis of soil management strategies like no-till farming, crop rotation, and the use of organic amendments (compost, biochar, and manure), highlighting their benefits in enhancing soil structure, fertility, and carbon storage capabilities. It also examines the role of cover cropping and agroforestry in promoting soil health and carbon sequestration. The review discusses the technical, socioeconomic, and environmental challenges in implementing these practices and emphasizes the importance of technological advancements in monitoring and validating soil carbon sequestration. Case studies from different geographic and climatic contexts illustrate the practical applications and outcomes of these soil management practices.
RESUMEN
Biochar from the pyrolysis of organic biomass is a highly porous carbon with many useful applications. While providing practical options for disposal and disease control, it also contributes to carbon sequestration by trapping carbon in plant biomass. The composition and structure of biochar depends on factors such as temperature, heating rate and production time. It also leads to bio-oil and biogas, which can be used for biochar production, electricity generation and the production of various chemicals. Incorporating biochar into the soil improves pH, electrical conductivity, water holding capacity, cation exchange capacity and microbial activity.It reduces nutrient leakage and all necessary fertilizers reduce environmental pollution. Biochar also plays an important role in crop improvement. Besides improving the soil, biochar also has the advantage of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, reducing pesticide use and being used in the construction, cosmetics and treatment, wastewater and food industries. India is rich in biomass resources and has great potential for biochar production. This study explores various production technologies, their effects on biochar energy and the benefits of using biochar.