Preliminary study on the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on neurobehavior and gut microbiota of offspring rats exposed to arsenic / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the effects of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on neurobehavior and gut microbiota of arsenic-exposed offspring rats. Methods: In April 2021, Thirty-six SPF SD rats aged 8 weeks were seleted, rats were ranked by weight and divided into four groups according to randomized block design, namely control group, arsenic exposure group (As group) , arsenic+normal saline group (As+NaCl group) and As+FMT group, 6 females and 3 males in each group. Fecal microbiota fluid were provided by feces of rats in control group. Rats drank tap water containing 75 mg/L sodium arsenite for one week and then were caged together. The arsenic exposure was terminated until the pups were born. Female rats with vaginal plug were treated with fecal microbiota fluid via gavage during neurodevelopmental teratogenic window period. The volume of gavage was 1 ml/100 g with once every two days, for a total of three times. Weight alterations of offspring rats were recorded every week after weaning, and when offspring rats grew up for 6 weeks, Morris test and open field experiment was used to observe learning and memory abilities, as well as neurobehavioral performance of autonomous exploration and tension, respectively. 16S rDNA sequencing technology was used to detect microbiota diversities in fecal samples of rats in As group and As+FMT group. Results: Compared with the control group, the ratio of swimming distance and staying time in the target quadrant and the times of crossing the platform of rats in As group decreased significantly, and the motor distance, times entering central zone and the number of grid crossing of rats decreased significantly (P<0.05) . Compared with As group, the ratio of swimming distance in target quadrant, the motor distance in central zone and times entering central zone of rats in As+FMT group were evidently increased (P<0.05) . The analysis of fecal microbiota diversities showed that, at the phyla level, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in feces of rats in As+FMT group was higher than that in As group (68.34% vs 60.55%) , while the relative abundance of Firmicutes was lower than that in As group (28.02% vs 33.48%) . At the genus level, the relative abundance of Prevotella in As+FMT group was significantly higher than that in As group, becoming the dominant genus (42.08% vs 21.78%) . Additionally, compared with As group, a total of 22 genus were increased with 21 decreased genus in As+FMT group (P<0.05) . LEfSe analysis showed that dominant genuses in As+FMT group were Prevotella and UCG_005, and their relative abundance was significantly higher than that of As group (P<0.05) . Conclusion: FMT may alleviate the impaired learning and memory ability and anxiety like behavior of the offspring rats exposed to arsenic, and improve the disrupted gut microbiota.

Mechanism of Learning and Memory Impairment in Rats Exposed to Arsenic and/or Fluoride Based on Microbiome and Metabolome / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#Arsenic (As) and fluoride (F) are two of the most common elements contaminating groundwater resources. A growing number of studies have found that As and F can cause neurotoxicity in infants and children, leading to cognitive, learning, and memory impairments. However, early biomarkers of learning and memory impairment induced by As and/or F remain unclear. In the present study, the mechanisms by which As and/or F cause learning memory impairment are explored at the multi-omics level (microbiome and metabolome).@*METHODS@#We stablished an SD rats model exposed to arsenic and/or fluoride from intrauterine to adult period.@*RESULTS@#Arsenic and/fluoride exposed groups showed reduced neurobehavioral performance and lesions in the hippocampal CA1 region. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that As and/or F exposure significantly altered the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome，featuring the Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Ruminococcus_1, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, [Eubacterium]_xylanophilum_group. Metabolome analysis showed that As and/or F-induced learning and memory impairment may be related to tryptophan, lipoic acid, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) synapse, and arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. The gut microbiota, metabolites, and learning memory indicators were significantly correlated.@*CONCLUSION@#Learning memory impairment triggered by As and/or F exposure may be mediated by different gut microbes and their associated metabolites.

Research Progress on Relationship between CD58 Molecule and ALL and Lymphoma -Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 (LFA-3/CD58) is a cell-surface glycoprotein, it can bind to CD2 and activate the costimulation pathways of T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, maximizing the cytolysis of target cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and NK cells. Some studies have demonstrated that in acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) and lymphomas, lack of CD58 on the tumor cells may fail to activate the T lymphocytes and NK cells, resulting in feeble cytotoxic effect and subsequently escape from immune surveillance, making the disease become more complicated and liable to relapse. Therefore, this article aims to review the structure, biological characteristics of CD58 on the tumor cells and its relationship with ALL and lymphomas.

The effects of vinyl chloride monomer on the expression of mir-122 in the liver tissue and serum of male rat / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of vinyl chloride monomer( VCM) on the expression of mir-122 in the liver tissue and serum of rat. METHODS: Specific pathogen free adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 24 rats in each group: the control group,the low-,medium- and high-dose groups. The 4 groups were intraperitoneally injected with VCM exposure levels at 0,5,25 and 125 mg / kg body weight 3 times per week,respectively. Eight rats per group were randomly selected and sacrificed after 6,8 and 12 weeks. Small RNA( < 200 nt) in the liver tissue and total RNA in the serum were isolated and purified. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymease chain reaction technique was used to detect their expressions of mir-122. RESULTS: Compared with the control group and the low-dose group at the same time points,the relative expressions of mir-122 in the liver tissue of rats in the medium- and high-dose groups were significantly increased after exposed to VCM for 6 weeks( P < 0. 05),and then were significantly decreased after exposed to VCM for 12 weeks( P < 0. 05). The relative expressions of mir-122 in the liver tissue of rats in the medium- and highdose groups were decreased with VCM exposure time( P < 0. 05). Compared with the control group at the same time points,the relative expressions of mir-122 in serum of rats in the three dose groups were significantly increased after being exposed to VCM for 8 weeks( P < 0. 05),and then were significantly decreased after being exposed to VCM for 12 weeks(P < 0. 05). Among the three dose groups,the relative expressions of mir-122 in serum of rats after 12-week exposure were lower than those after 6-week and 8-week exposure in the same group respectively( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION:s The VCM exposure significantly changes the expression of mir-122 in the liver tissue and serum of rat,which suggested that mir-122 may be one of the effect biomarkers for VCM exposure.

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes between P190 and P210 Trans-cripts in Adult Ph Chromosome Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the New Era of TKI / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the differences of clinical characteristics and outcome between p190 and p210 transcripts in adult Ph chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients in the new era with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment, so as to provide an insight for improving the prognostic stratification and individualized treatment of the Ph(+) ALL patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 65 patients were analysed retrospectively, these patients were diagnosed as Ph(+) ALL and treated with conventional chemotherapy plus TKI treatment with or without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from January 2005 to December 2014 in our hospital, then the differences of clinical features and prognosis were compared between the p190 (n = 41) and the p210 group (n = 24).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The p190 group had lower platelet count than the p210 group (46.3 × 10(9)/L vs 65 × 10(9)/L) (P = 0.084); the leukemic blast cells in bone marrow at diagnosis was slightly higher in p190 group than that in p210 group (88.4% vs 76.8%) (P = 0.096); the other clinical features, such as sex, age, white blood cells, hemoglobin, leukemic blast cells in peripheral blood, and BCR-ABL/ABL expression level were not significantly different between these two groups. As to the response to treatment, the complete remission rate (CR) after induction therapy was 80% (32/40) and 87% (20/23) respectively in the p190 and p210 group, no significant difference was seen (P = 0.732). The time from induction to the first complete remission (CR1) was not significantly different either (28 days vs 29 days) (P = 0.922). The recurrence rate was 61% (20/33) in the p190 group and 43% (9/21) in the p210 group, but the difference was not significantly different (P = 0.202). However, the duration of remission in p190 group was shorter than that in p210 group, whether from the time of initial diagnosis to relapse (212 days vs 274 days) (P = 0.077) or from the time of CR1 to relapse (146 days vs 242 days) (P = 0.084). For the prognosis, the p190 group presented with a shorter 5 year-survival rate (P = 0.016) as well as event-free survival rate (P = 0.085).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The p190 group tends to have lower peripheral blood platelet count and higher percentage of leukemic blasts in bone marrow at diagnosis; while the CR rate and the time from induction to CR1 are not significantly different; however, the p190 group is more likely to relapse at a relatively early stage, and the 5 year-survival rate and event-free survival rate are lower in p190 group than that in p210 group, indicating that the patients carrying p190 transcript are probably necessary to receive more intensive therapy such as HSCT as early as possible after achieving CR1, which can promisingly improve the overall prognosis of the Ph(+) ALL patients.</p>

Adsorption and release behavior of epirubicin hydrochloride on carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes / 药学学报

In this study, the adsorption behavior of epirubicin hydrochloride (EPI) on carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes (c-SWNTs) obtained by mixture acid treatment was investigated. The results indicated that the dispersion of c-SWNTs in water was obviously improved. The absorption of EPI on c-SWNTs came to equilibrium after 240 min and could be explained by pseudo-second-order model. Moreover, there were heterogeneous distribution of active sites onto c-SWNTs surface and the Freundlich isotherm model was better fit to describe the absorption precess of EPI on c-SWNTs. The absorption capacity of EPI on c-SWNTs increased obviously with the increasing pH and decreasing temperature. Compared with multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes, SWNTs, c-SWNTs possessed higher absorption capacity for EPI. The controlled, targeted and sustained release of EPI from c-SWNTs-EPI could be instructive for the development of nano-carrier.

Study on inhibitory effect of combined administration of bear bile powder and cyclophosphamide on colorectal cancer liver metastasis by regulating tumor microenvironment / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the inhibitory effect of combined administration of bear bile powder (BBP) and cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, CTX) on colorectal cancer liver metastasis by regulating tumor promotion inflammation microenvironment.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The CRC liver metastasis mode in mice was established through in situ spleenic injection of SL4 tumor cells into spleens. The mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: the model group, the CTX (80 mg x kg(-1)) treatment group, the CTX + BBP high dose (300 mg x kg(-1)) group, the CTX + BBP middle dose (150 mg x kg(-1)) group and the CTX + BBP low dose (75 mg x kg(-1)) group. Mice were orally administered with drugs for 12 days, and sacrificed on the 13'h day for weighing their spleens and lives, HE staining, and immunofluorescence analysis. Their peripheral blood, and metastatic tumor in spleens and lives were analyzed with flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Spleen and liver weights of the: CTX treatment group and other doses groups were significantly lower than that of the model group. HE staining and immunofluorescence analysis showed that lymphocyte infiltration was detected in normal tissues, and macrophages infiltration was observed around the tumor tissues. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the number of T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood of different doses groups were much higher than that of the CTX treatment group (P < 0.05), with the rise in the ratio of CD4/CD8; the total number of lymphocytes in spleen cell suspension increased in different doses groups, compared to the CTX treatment group, with notable increase in B cells (P < 0.05) and significant decrease in CD11b, F4/80 cells (P < 0.05). The combined treatment showed less monocyte macrophages in liver metastasis than that of the CTX treatment group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The combined treatment of bear bile powder and cyclophosphamide has the effect in not only protecting liver and increase immunity, but also in anti-inflammation and antitumor by regulating tumor microenvironment and reducing the collection of mononuclear macrophages. Particularly, the combined administration of low dose of bear bile powder and CTX shows the most significant effect in reducing inflammatory cell infiltration.</p>

Comparative study of whole blood lysis reagents for analysis of immunocytes in peripheral blood of mice by flow cytometry / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to investigate the efficacy of different whole flow lysis reagents for lysis of red blood cells in flow cytometric analysis. The expression of immunocytes was detected by flow cytometry after lysis of red blood cells using commercial reagents (Optilyse C, FACS Lysing Solution) and self-made red blood cell lysis reagents (RBC Lysis Buffer), the detection results were analyzed comparatively. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the percentage of CD3e(+), CD3e(+)CD4(+), CD3e(+)CD8a(+), CD3e(-)CD19(+), CD3e(-)NK1.1(+) and Gr-1(+) cells between 3 different lysis reagent groups. However OptiLyse C solution was suitable to Gr-1(+) cell detection, but did not suit to Foxp3(+) Treg detection. The self-made RBC Lysis Buffer and FACS Lysing Solution were suited to Foxp3(+) Treg detection. It is concluded that the use of self-made RBC Lysis Buffer for flow cytometry can get the lysis efficiency of commercially available lysis solutions when samples are prepared in accordance with standardized procedure. The self-made RBC Lysis Buffer not only can satisfy experimental requirements, but also can reduce the experimental costs.

Susceptibility of chromosomal damage among workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomer / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the association between chromosomal damage induced by vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) and polymorphisms of xenobiotic metabolism genes and DNA repair genes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test was performed to detect chromosomal damage in peripheral lymphocytes of 402 VCM-exposed workers. Multiplex PCR was used to simultaneously amplify GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes, other genetic polymorphisms were performed using a PCR-RFLP technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Multiple (adjusted) Poisson regression analysis showed that mean MN frequencies were significantly elevated for the intermediate (4000-40000 mg) and high (> 40000 mg) exposure groups as compared with the low exposure group (P = 0.003 and 0.03, respectively). For genetic polymorphisms, the exposed workers with CYP2E1 or XRCC1 Arg280His variance showed a higher CBMN frequency than their wild-type homozygous counterparts (P = 0.02); so did the workers with GSTP1 105Val/Val genotype or ALDH2 504Glu/Glu genotype than those with a combination of other genotypes (P = 0.01 and 0.003, respectively).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Our findings reveal that cumulative exposure dose of VCM and common genetic variants in genes, such as GSTP1, CYP2E1, ALDH2, XRCC1 Arg280His genotypes, are the major factors that modulate MN induction in VCM- exposed workers. Further study to investigate the relationship between individual characteristics and genetic susceptibility to VCM-caused chromosome damage is warranted, it is helpful for us to understand the mechanism of VCM metabolism, to find the biomarkers of susceptibility and to recognize the susceptible individuals in the primary prevention of VCM-caused damage.</p>

Relationship between dyslipidemia and early vascular lesions in obese children and adolescents / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Obese children and adolescents are often complicated with the abnormalities of lipid and glucose metabolism, which are often associated with adulthood hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In this study, the blood lipids, blood pressure and carotid arterial intima-media thickness (IMT) in obese children and adolescents were measured to investigate the relationship between the dyslipidemia and early vascular lesions.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A total of 580 obese children and adolescents aged from 7 to 17 years of age were enrolled from 3 hospitals from Jan. 2008 to Sept. 2009. They were divided into 2 groups according to their blood lipoid levels. Ortholiposis group included 100 males and 52 females with a mean age of 10.47 years and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 28.28 kg/m(2). Dyslipidemia group included 305 males and 123 females with a mean age of 10.83 years and a mean BMI of 27.60 kg/m(2). Physical examination, and measurement of blood lipid, glucose and liver enzyme were taken. Carotid IMT was measured for 285 subjects.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>(1) Hypertension was found in 12.5% (19/152) and 20.1% (86/428) patients in ortholiposis and dyslipidemia groups, respectively, with a significant difference (χ(2) = 4.362, P = 0.037). The OR was 1.760 with 95% confidence interval of 1.030 - 3.008. Higher prevalence of hypertension was found in patients with dyslipidemia. (2) The left, right and mean common carotid IMTs of dyslipidemia group were higher than those of ortholiposis group without significant difference (all P > 0.05). The left, right and mean internal carotid IMTs in dyslipidemia group were (0.66 ± 0.15) mm, (0.65 ± 0.15) mm and (0.65 ± 0.15) mm, respectively while these in ortholiposis group were (0.62 ± 0.13) mm, (0.60 ± 0.13) mm and (0.61 ± 0.12) mm, respectively (P < 0.05 for all). (3) Bivariate correlation analysis showed that systolic blood pressure was positively correlated with age, BMI, BMI Z score, waist circumference, hip circumference, uric acid, alanine transaminase, triglyceride, fasting insulin and insulin resistance index (P < 0.05 for all). Moreover, mean carotid and internal carotid IMTs were positively correlated with age, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and triglyceride (all P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that hip circumference and insulin resistance index were independent determinants of systolic pressure. Waist circumference was independent determinant of mean common and internal carotid IMT and triglyceride was independent determinants of mean internal carotid IMT.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>(1) Vascular lesions, including hypertension and thicker tunica intima are common in obese children and adolescents. (2) Vascular lesions are closely related with dyslipidemia, and waist circumference and hypertriglyceridemia are the risk factors.</p>

Using three different screening methods to study overweight and simple obesity among children under age 7 in Ningbo city / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the occurrence of simple obesity among children under age 7 in Ningbo and to analyze the data regarding body mass index (BMI) from overweight screening under different standards. Methods Randomized cluster sampling was adopted and 64 038 children under 7 years old in Ningho were chosen and their length/height and weight were measured but pathological and secondary obesity cases were excluded. According to the Standardized Height and Weight set by WHO, more than 10% referring to overweight and more than 20% referring to obesity. Moreover, results of this study were compared with growth standards with WHO' s 2006 and IOTF standards. Results According to the Standardized Height and Weight set by WHO, the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity of children under age 7 were 4.25% and 2.88%. The ratio for boys were 4.45% and 3.01%, while for girls as 3.86% and 2.56%, with significant difference (P<0.01). Data showed that the rates for overweight and obesity increased along with age, reaching 11.84% and 9.68% for boys and 10.14% and 9.46% for girls at the age of 6. The ratios of overweight/obesity among different age groups and sex were 1.15-1.94:1. The critical value for P85, P95 were lower than the standards set by WHO and IOTE The rates for overweight and obesity for latter were 9.72%, 2.83% and 6.11%, 0.55% respectively. Conclusion Early childhood is the key period for obesity prevention, with boys in particular. Prevention and control for childhood obesity should be included in the programs for children' s health. Value of classification standards for the BMI screening of overweight and obesity for children under age 7 should be established in no time.

Research on the growth references of height, weight and body mass index for children under 7 years old / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the varying features and the trend of length/height-for-age,weight-for-age and body masa index(BMI)-for-age of children under six years old in Ningbo city,Zhejiang province.Methods By random clustered sampling,64 038 healthy children under six years old in Ningbo were chosen and their length/height and weight measured.Means,standard deviation and percentiles of length/height-for-age,weight-for-age and BMI were calculated by SAS systems.Results of this study were compared with growth standards from WHO 2006 and nine urban areas of China,in 2005.Results Data from our study showed that the annual growth rates were basically the same in boys and girls.All these indicators increased along with age but the younger the age,the faster the growth rate appeared.There were notable differences seen between genders and urban-rural distribution.BMIs were also varied with age and sex.BMI reached peak between 4 to 6 months,then dropped slowly when age increased.Conclusion The means of length/height-for-age,weight-for-age in Ningbo city had exceeded the WHO standards,and the growth by year under six year-olds in Ningbo was close to the data from nine urban areas of China in 2005.

Polymorphisms of FAS and FASL genes and susceptibility of silicosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between polymorphisms of FAS and FASL genes and genetic susceptibility of silicosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case-control study was conducted. The case group was 183 male patients with silicosis and the control group was 111 male silica-exposed but without silicosis miners. Data on total dust concentrations was collected to estimate cumulative total dust exposure (CTE) of each subject and each person's characteristics and work history were obtained from questionnaire. Polymerase chain reaction re-strained fragment length polymorphism technique (PCR-RFLP) was applied to detect the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of FAS-1377, FAS-670 and FASL-844. Associations between polymorphisms and risk of silicosis and stages, interactions between polymorphisms, between polymorphisms and CTE and smoking and haplotypes were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no differences in the FAS-1377, FAS-670 and FASL-844 genotypes between the case group and the control group (P > 0.05). No association was observed between FAS-1377, FAS-670 and FASL-844 polymorphisms and silicosis and stages (P > 0.05). The frequencies of FAS-1377G/-670G haplotype in the cases (9.6%) were higher than those in the controls (3.6%) (P < 0.05). No interactions between the polymorphisms of different genes, the gene polymorphism and the total accumulative total dust, the gene polymorphism and smoking were observed (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>FAS-1377, FAS-670 and FASL-844 polymorphisms are not susceptible factors of silicosis. The FAS-1377G/-670G haplotype might be a susceptibility marker of silicosis.</p>

Sleep habits and sleep disturbance in school-age children of China / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To survey the sleep habits (bedtime, wake time), sleep duration, and sleep problems in school-age children of China.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>From November to December, 2005, a total of 19,299 school-age children from 55 elementary schools of 9 cities entered the study by a cross-sectional survey. A parent-administered questionnaire and the Chinese version of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire were applied to investigate children's sociodemographic characteristics and sleep behaviors, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean sleep duration was 9 hours and 10 minutes (9:10, SD:48 min) during the weekdays and 9:48 (SD: 63 min) during the weekends. In about 71.4% and 41.8% school-aged children the sleep duration per day did not reach the lowest criterion of 10 hours recommended by the Ministry of Education of China during weekdays and weekends, respectively. Sleep problems were common with prevalence ranging from 14.5% for sleep-disordered breathing to 75.3% for daytime sleepiness. Parasomnia (chi(2) = 13.76, P < 0.01) and sleep-disordered breathing (chi(2) = 119.83, P < 0.01) were more prevalent in boys than in girls; however, sleep anxiety was more prevalent in girls than in boys (chi(2) = 19.42, P < 0.01). Except for night waking, other types of sleep problems were significantly associated with age.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Inadequate sleep duration and sleep problems prevail among school-age children, which indicates that children's sleep health may be a major public health concern in China.</p>

Evaluation of teaching effects of evidence-based medicine in graduate students / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To assess the courses of evidence-based medicine among graduate students. Methods A sample of 118 graduate students who took the course were surveyed twice by using the same self-designed questionnaire at the beginning and the end of the course.Pre-post comparison was conducted to measure the impact. Results The students were able to grasp the most of the contents of the course,and reshaped their opinions on evidence-based medicine,with which,a positive impact on their medical practice was expected. Conclusion The course of evidence-based medicine for graduate students has resulted in a positive consequence.

Colonic dripping with Taihuang liquid for treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinical effects of colonic dripping with Taihuang liquid (THL) in treating neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (HBE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and thirty-eight neonates with HBE were randomly assigned to two groups. Conventional treatment and nursing were given to both groups, and THL was given additionally to the observation group by colonic dripping.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Significant differences between the observation group and the control group were shown in frequency of defecation (4.6 +/- 1.3 times/d vs 2.0 +/- 1.1 times/d), daily serum bilirubin reduction (31.5 +/- 10.1 micromol/L vs 23.3 +/- 8.3 micromol/L), and days for normalizing serum bilirubin level (5.6 +/- 3.5 d vs 7.8 +/- 4.1 d, all P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Colonic dripping of THL could promote the excretion of bilirubin, so as to decrease the level of serum bilirubin in neonates with HBE.</p>

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of pH and time dependent Yuchangning tablets for colon-specific delivery / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Taking Chinese compound medicine Yuchangning as a research model, prepared the pH and time dependent Yuchangning tablets for colon-specific delivery (PT-YT-CSD), and evaluated the releasing property in vitro.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The coating prescription is filtered by the release extent of matrine and oxymatrine in vitro and the wicking rate of the tablet, which including the category and proportion of film forming agent and porogen, the sort and dosage of fluidizing agent, the increment of weight after coating and so on. The releasing property of the preparation is evaluated by the dissolution tests in vitro through measuring the content of matrine and oxymatrine content.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The preparation method of the PYTCSD: After prepared plain tablets, the 95% alcoholic solution of EC and Eudragit II are mixed in a 7:3 EC: Eudragit II ratio and then added in DEP up to 10% of the coating amount, reduced the alcohol concentration to 4% by diluting with ethonal. Tablet was coated by the alcohol solution and the weight of the plain tablet was increased by 3%. The dissolution tests in vitro indicated that matrine and oxymatrine were not dissolved in the simulated gastric juice after 2 h. The accumulative quantities of matrine and oxymatrine were less than 10% in the simulated intestinal juice after 4 h. The quantities of matrine and oxymatrine are 75.7% and 76.8% in the simulated colon juice after 1 h.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The PYTCSD was prepared and the preparation could fulfil the aim of delivering in the specific colon in vitro.</p>

Genetic polymorphism in cell cycle control genes and susceptibility of chromosomal damage in vinyl chloride monomer exposed workers / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between genetic polymorphism of P53, P21, CCND1 and susceptibility of chromosomal damage induced by vinyl chloride monomer (VCM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>183 workers occupationally exposed to VCM were involved in our study. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CB-MN) assay was used to detect chromosome damage in peripheral lymphocyte. PCR-RFLP technique was applied to detect polymorphisms in P53 gene (exon4, intron3 and intron6), P21 gene (exon2 and exon3) and CCND1 (exon4).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The risk of chromosomal damage for VCM-exposed workers with more than 30 yr was 1.2202 (95% CI: 1.0580 approximately 1.4072, P = 0.0062) compared with the younger workers, and the risk of female workers was 1.1491 (95% CI: 0.9841 approximately 1.3416, P = 0.0772) compared with male workers. The MN frequency in subjects with P53 intron6 mutant homozygous and heterozygous was higher than their wild-type homozygous counterparts (OR = 1.3032, 95% CI: 1.1285 approximately 1.6405, P = 0.0285). P53 exon4, intron3 and intron6 haplotype pairs of BBB/AAA and BAB/AAA were associated with the increased frequencies of micronucleus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Among VCM-exposed workers, more than 30ys, female, carrying P53 intron6 mutated allele and BBB/AAA and BAB/AAA haplotype pairs have higher risk of chromosomal damage.</p>

Development and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop the Chinese version of Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) by translating and retranslating the English version of CSHQ and to examine the reliability, content validity, construct validity of the Chinese version in a general population of school-age children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>During November and December 2005, a total of 20 457 school-age children from 55 primary schools of 9 cities were recruited through cluster-stratified selection, using geographic location, economic standard, and population density as criteria. A parent-administered questionnaire and the Chinese version of CSHQ were completed to quantify sociodemographic characteristics and to characterize sleep patterns and sleep disturbances, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The internal consistency of overall questionnaire and the eight subscales of the Chinese version of CSHQ was good (Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.73 and ranged from 0.42 to 0.69, respectively). The consistency between mother and father was ICCs = 0.89 for overall questionnaire and ranged from ICCs = 0.83 to ICCs = 0.92 for subscales. The test-retest reliability was ICCs = 0.85 for overall questionnaire and range from ICCs = 0.60 to ICCs = 0.88 for subscales. Factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure, which could represent bedtime behavior problems, sleep disturbance, sleep duration and daytime sleepiness, respectively, and the three factors could be used to explain 58.63% of the total variance. The factor loading was above 0.5 for the corresponding subscale.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Reliability, content validity and construct validity of the Chinese version of CSHQ in a general population of school-age children are good. It appears to be a suitable instrument for measuring sleep patterns and screening for sleep problems in school-aged children.</p>

Preparation of kangfuxin colon targeting micro-pellets / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare coated micro-pellets of pH-dependent and enzyme-dependent kangfuxin colon targeting delivery system, to make them go to colon, then release, educe partial effect.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>We eploy pan-pill to prepare simple pellets, and prepare tunicatus pellets with fluidized bed coating. We investigated the preparation and parameter of pellets, so, we bolting the best shaping and tunicatus artwork.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The ingredients for preparing the micro-pellets are 125% starch +2% CMC-Na, and add 30% ethanol to be binder, pellets were coated with Eudragit S100 to prepare ph-dependent and pectin-HPMC to prepare enzyme-dependent colon targeting micro-pellets.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We get two micro-pellets of pH-dependent and enzyme-dependent kangfuxin colon targeting.</p>