Relationships among the Y balance test, Berg Balance Scale, and lower limb strength in middle-aged and older females

Background: Older females have less dynamic postural control and muscle strength than do middle-aged females. Aging-related strength losses may limit balancing performance. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of the Y Balance Test (YBT) and lower limb strength to discriminate between females in 2 age groups, the relationship between YBT distance and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the degree to which performance on YBT distance is related to lower limb strength in middle-aged and older females. Method: The 40 healthy, independently active females were divided into 2 groups: older and middle-aged. The participants underwent measurements of YBT distance using the YBT, maximal muscular strength of the lower limbs using a handheld dynamometer, and the BBS. Results: The YBT distance in 3 directions and lower limb muscle strength for both lower limbs were significantly lower in the older adults than in the middle-aged group. A moderate correlation but insignificant correlation was found between the YBT composite distance and the BBS score. In the older females, YBT distance was significantly positively correlated with strength of the knee flexor and hip abductor. In the middle-aged group, YBT distance was significantly positively correlated with strength of the knee flexor and hip extensor. Conclusions: Performance on the YBT was influenced by the strength of lower limb. We suggested that YBT can be used to alternative as a measurement of dynamic balance. Proper training programs for older people could include not only strengthening exercises but also YBT performance to improve balance. .

Técnica de induçäo inalatória em ratos: estudo comparativo / Technique of inhalation induction in rats: comparative study

O objeto deste trabalho foi comparar o emprego do éter e halotano em ratos, na induçäo anestésica e na obtençäo de via aérea, utilizando dois tipos de técnica anestésica. Cada procedimento anestésico foi realizado por investigadores com graus diversos de experiência em anestesia. Utilizou-se 39 ratos Wistar, fêmeas, peso entre 160 e 300g divididos em dois grupos. No grupo 1 (n=15), realizou-se induçöes anestésicas convencionais com éter etílico adminsitrado por bucha ou halotano (3 por cento) por vaporizador calibrado em fluxo de 2L min-1 O2. No grupo 2(n=24), as induçöes com os dois agentes realizaram-se com buchas de peso fixo (2,5g) impregnadas com volumes definidos: 7ml de éter ou 2ml de halotano. Os resultados demosntram que a padronizaçäo da técnica de induçäo com bucha, contendo volume conhecido de agente volátil, propicia 4 vantagens: 1) encurta o tempo de induçäo anestésica pelo halotano; 2) facilita laringoscopia e intubaçäo orotraqueal com éter e halotano, principalmente quando os investigadores säo inexperientes; 3) diminui a mortalidade; 4) diminui os custos pelo menor consumo de halotano