Application of exosomal miRNA in early diagnosis and early screening of breast cancer / 国际外科学杂志

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women.The key to the prognosis of breast cancer lies in early diagnosis and early treatment.At present,the early diagnosis of breast cancer mainly relies on imaging methods,and there has been a lack of clinical methods for early diagnosis of it.Exosome are small molecules selectively released from breast cancer cells to the peripheral circulation for a certain period of time.miRNA contained in them are short,non-coding regulatory RNA,which can bind to the 3'UTR region of target genes and regulate the post-transcriptional expression of target genes.Exogenous miRNA can affect the development of breast cancer,It can provide a variety of information indicating the presence of breast cancer cells,clinical staging,molecular typing and other information,which may be put into clinical application in the future as an ideal marker for the early diagnosis of breast cancer.This article reviews the research and application of exogenous miRNA in early diagnosis of breast cancer.

Application of exosomal miRNA in early diagnosis and early screening of breast cancer / 国际外科学杂志

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women. The key to the prognosis of breast cancer lies in early diagnosis and early treatment.At present, the early diagnosis of breast cancer mainly relies on imaging methods, and there has been a lack of clinical methods for early diagnosis of it.Exosome are small molecules selectively released from breast cancer cells to the peripheral circulation for a certain period of time. miRNA contained in them are short, non-coding regulatory RNA, which can bind to the 3′UTR region of target genes and regulate the post-transcriptional expression of target genes. Exogenous miRNA can affect the development of breast cancer, It can provide a variety of information indicating the presence of breast cancer cells, clinical staging, molecular typing and other information, which may be put into clinical application in the future as an ideal marker for the early diagnosis of breast cancer.This article reviews the research and application of exogenous miRNA in early diagnosis of breast cancer.

Study on the value of salivary gland ultrasonography in Sj(o)gren's syndrome / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To clarify the diagnostic value of salivary gland ultrasonography in Sj(o)gren's syndrome (SS),and its correlation with the disease activity index and important organs involvement were analyzed.Methods A total of 116 patients with SS were involved,including 71 cases of primary SS and 45cases of secondary SS.Ultrasonography examination of major salivary glands was conducted for these patients,at the same time the clinical data including inflammatory parameters,the immunological parameter and the involved systems were collected.Ultrasonography examination was conducted in 49 cases as the control group.Use t test,x2test and analysis of variance for statistical analysis.Results The positive rate of salivary gland uhrasonography in SS (56/116,48.3％) was significantly higher than that of the normal control groups (1/49,2.0％),(The chi-square value was 32.57,P＜0.05),the sensitivity of salivary gland ultrasonography in primary SS (62.0％) was obviously higher than secondary SS (27％),(The Chi-square value was 13.75,P＜0.01).The specificity of salivary gland ultrasonography was 98％.The scores of salivary gland ultrasonography had shown positive correlation with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate,the levels of Immunoglobulin (Ig)G,and RF(r=0.234,0.353,0.176;P=0.002,0.000,0.013),and negative correlation with the white blood cell count (r=-0.292,P=0.000).Conclusion Salivary gland ultra-sonography provides additional evidence for the diagnosis of SS,particularly in primary SS groups.The scores of ultrasonography are correlated with inflammatory biomarkers,indicating that salivary gland ultrasonography is related to disease activity.

Effects of glycyrrhiza extract on pharmacokinetics property of daphnetin in rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To research the influence of glycyrrhiza extract on the pharmacokinetics characteristic parameters of daphnetin, which was aimed to explore the rationality of concert application of drugs.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The rats received intragastric administration of daphnetin and glycyrrhiza extract containing the same daphnetin respectively. The blood concentration of daphnetin was assayed by LC-MS. The data was processed by program DAS2.1.1.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Glycyrrhiza extract can reduce the t(1/2), tmax and Ke of daphnetin, while increased the Ka and AUC(0-infinity).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Glycyrrhiza extract promoted the oral absorption of daphnetin, slowed down the elimination and increased the biological availability.</p>

Study on in situ intestinal absorption of active ingredients in Shuanghuanglian oral liquid in rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the intestinal absorption kinetics characteristic of the main four active ingredients in Shuanghuanglian oral liquid (SHL) and to investigate the influence of herbal compatibility in SHL on absorption of main effective ingredients.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The in situ rat circulation model was used to investigate the concentration change differences of the four active components in SHL during perfusion.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The absorption quantity of different concentrations of baicalin, chlorogenic acid, phillyrin and forsythoside A ranging from 40-160, 6-24, 3-12, 2.6-10.4 mg x L(-1) respectively was linear with concentration and showed no saturation at high concentration. The absorption rate constant K(a) and the hourly absorption percentages A were essentially unchanged. The pH changing from 5.0-7.43 had little influence on the absorption of phillyrin except baicalin, chlorogenic acid and forsythoside A. The calculated K(a) and A of the four active ingredients had no significant differences from that obtained after perfusing via duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon; The calculated K(a) and A of baicalin in Scutellariae Radix (SR), chlorogenic acid in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (LJF) and phillyrin in Forsythiae Fructus (FF) had no significant differences compared with that in SHL, but the calculated K(a) and A of forsythoside A in FF were obviously superior to that in SHL.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The intestinal absorption of the four active ingredients in SHL was mainly passive diffusion and had no difference in different segments of rat intestine; the compatibility of SHL compounds changed the absorption of forsythoside A in FF obviously.</p>

Intestinal absorption of forsythoside A by rat circulation in situ / 药学学报

This study is to investigate the effects of concentration, intestinal section, pH, paracellular route, substrate/inhibitor of enzyme (CYP3A) and proteins (P-gp, MRP2, SGL1) on the absorption of forsythoside A. The absorption of three concentrations (2.6, 5.2, and 10.4 microg x mL(-1)) of forsythoside A in different intestinal segments was studied with phenol red as the marker by rat circulation in situ. The results showed that the residue of forsythoside A with different concentrations had little significant difference from that obtained after perfusing via duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon, which indicated that the absorption of forsythoside A was passive diffusion and had no difference in different segments of rat intestine. The residue of forsythoside A increased to 466.160 and 463.429 microg respectively when cyclosporine (4 microg x mL(-1)) or midazolam (50 micromol x L(-1)) was added to the circulation fluid, which showed significant difference compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the residue of forsythoside A showed a tendency of increase with the increase of cyclosporine or midazolam. When digoxin (50 micromol x L(-1)) or EDTA (10 microg x mL(-1)) was added to the circulation fluid, the residue of forsythoside A decreased to 325.110 and 369.888 microg respectively, which showed significant difference as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Besides, the residue of forsythoside A showed a tendency of reduction with the increase of digoxin or EDTA. However, there is no significant change in the absorption of forsythoside A when the different concentrations of mannitol were added to the circulation fluid. The results above indicated that the absorption of forsythoside A was mainly passive diffusion and involved paracellular route at the same time. In addition, the substrates of P-gp or CYP3A had dose-dependent effect on the absorption of forsythoside A.