Serotypes of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 isolated from water supplies for human consumption in Campeche, México and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern

The presence of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 in water supplies for human consumption in the city of Campeche and rural locality of Becal was investigated. V. cholerae non-O1 was detected in 5.9 per cent of the samples obtained in deep pools of Campeche. Studies conducted in Becal and neighbourhood of Morelos in Campeche indicated that collected samples harbored V. cholerae non-O1 in 31.5 per cent and 8.7 per cent respectively. There was a particular pattern of distribution of V. cholerae non-O1 serotypes among different studied regions. Accordingly, V. cholerae non-O1 serotype O14 predominated in the deep pools of Campeche and together with V. cholerae non-O1, O155 were preferentially founds in samples taken from intradomiciliary faucets in the neighbourhood of Morelos. Samples from Becal predominantly presented the serotype O112. 60 per cent and 53.8 per cent of all studied strains of V. cholerae non-O1 proved to be resistant to amplicillin and carbenicillin. 3.1 per cent, 7.7 per cent and 6.2 per cent presented resistant to doxycycline, trimethroprim-sulfamethoxale and erythromycin respectively. The study showed the necessity of performing a strong epidemiologic surveillance for emergence and distribution of V. cholerae non-O1.

Vaccination of different strains of mice against cutaneous leishmaniosis: Usefulnes of membrane antigens encapsulated into liposomes by intraperitoneal and subcutaneous administration

The objetive of this study was to assess the usefulness of parasite-surfase molecules reconstituted into liposomes to vaccinate four diffeent strains of mice (C57BL/10, CBA/ca, C57BL/6 and NZB) with different levels of susceptibility to L. m. mexicana infection and to find out possible increases in specific antibody response after vaccination. but before infection with virulent promastigotes. Mice were vaccinated with parasite membrane antigens incorporated into liposomes and antibody levels were recorded. Vaccination was effective to protect CBA/ca and C57BL/6 but not C57BL/10 mice and NZB animals were naturally resistant. Intraperitoneal (ip) was more efective than the subcutaneus (sc) route if inoculation, and the induction of disease-resistance correlated with the production of IgG anti-Leishmania in CBA/ca, C57BL/6 and C57BL/10 mice