Analysis of birth surveillance results in Baoshan Districtfrom 2013 to 2022 / 预防医学

Objective @#To investigate the fertility level of registered population in Baoshan District, Shanghai Municipality and the incidence of adverse birth outcomes of live births from 2013 to 2022, so as to provide the evidence for improving maternal and child health care strategies. @*Methods@#The data pertaining to live births registered in Baoshan District from 2013 to 2022 were collected through the Shanghai Birth Medical Information System, including the basic information of live births and maternal fertility. The indicators such as fertility level, parity, birth age and incidence of adverse birth outcomes of live births were descriptively analyzed. The trend of crude birth rate and total fertility rate was analyzed by annual percent change (APC). @*Results@#A total of 56 719 live births were registered in Baoshan District from 2013 to 2022. The crude birth rate was 6.54‰, the total fertility rate was 31.78‰, and the sex ratio at birth was 105.61. The crude birth rate showed a downward trend from 2016 to 2022 (APC=-11.054%, P<0.05), and the total fertility rate showed a downward trend from 2017 to 2022 (APC=-10.377%, P<0.05). The proportion of second parity and above showed an increasing trend from 2013 to 2017 (P<0.05) and a decreasing trend from 2017 to 2022 (P<0.05). The maternal childbearing age showed an increasing trend from 2013 to 2022 (P<0.05), the incidence of premature infants and low birth weight infants showed an increasing trend (both P<0.05). The incidence of premature infants and low birth weight infants increased with the rising childbearing age (both P<0.05). @*Conclusions@#The fertility level in Baoshan District was relatively low from 2013 to 2022. The proportion of second parity and above showed an upward trend followed by a downward trend. The incidence of premature infants and low birth weight infants increased with the rising childbearing age.

Peptide P3 ameliorates foam cell formation in RAW264.7 cells and its molecular mechanisms / 中国药理学通报

Aim To examine the effect of peptide P3 on lipid accumulation in RAW264.7 cells and the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods MTT method was used to screen the concentration of peptide P3 and oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL),and RAW.264.7 cells were induced to form foam cells by ox-LDL with 80 mg·L

Clinical and imaging features of acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion in children / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To explore the clinical and imaging features of acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion(AESD) in children. Methods: For the case series study, 21 children with AESD from Peking University First Hospital, Provincial Children's Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and Shanxi Children's Hospital who were diagnosed and treated from October 2021 to July 2023 were selected. Clinical data were collected to summarize their clinical information, imaging, and laboratory tests, as well as treatment and prognostic characteristics. Descriptive statistical analysis was applicated. Results: Of the 21 cases with AESD, 11 were males and 10 were females, with the age of onset of 2 years and 6 months (1 year and 7 months, 3 years and 6 months). Of the 21 cases, 18 were typical cases with biphasic seizures. All typical cases had early seizures within 24 hours before or after fever onset. Among them, 16 cases had generalized seizures, 2 cases had focal seizures, and 7 cases reached the status epilepticus. Of the 21 cases, 3 atypical cases had late seizures in biphasic only. The late seizures in the 21 cases occurred on days 3 to 9. The types of late seizures included focal seizures in 12 cases, generalized seizures in 6 cases, and both focal and generalized seizures in 3 cases. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) test on days 3 to 11 showed reduced diffusion of subcortical white matter which was named "bright tree sign" in all cases. The diffuse cerebral atrophy predominantly presented in the front-parietal-temporal lobes was found in 19 cases between day 12 and 3 months after the onset of the disease. Among 21 cases, 20 had been misdiagnosed as autoimmune encephalitis, central nervous system infection, febrile convulsions, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome. All the cases received high-dose gammaglobulin and methylprednisolone pulse therapy with poor therapeutic effect. By July 2023, 18 cases were under follow-up. Among them, 17 cases were left with varying degrees of neurologic sequelae, including 11 cases with post-encephalopathic epilepsy; 1 recovered completely. Conclusions: AESD is characterized by biphasic seizures clinically and "bright tree sign" on DWI images. Symptomatic and supportive treatments are recommended. The immunotherapy is ineffective. The prognosis of AESD is poor, with a high incidence of neurological sequelae and a low mortality.

Treatment strategies for periodontitis patients with systemic disease / 华西口腔医学杂志

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that destroys the integrity of tooth-supporting tissue. Periodontitis is listed as a major oral disease by the World Health Organization and is a public-health problem affecting global oral and systemic health. The fourth national oral health epidemiological survey has revealed that periodontitis is one of the most common oral problems in China. With the development of science and medicine, increased attention is being paid to the importance of oral health and its influence on general health. Accordingly, stomatologists are required to master more relevant information on clinical diagnosis and treatment, as well as to pay more attention to the diagnosis and treatment methods of patients with different systemic diseases. This article expounds the diagnosis and treatment strategy of patients with systemic disease periodontitis. We aimed to help stomatologists make more reasonable diagnosis and treatment decisions.

Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation based on electro-oculogram signal regulation for children with mental retardation: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical efficacy of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) at Changqiang (GV 1) based on the modulation of electro-oculogram (EOG) signal for children with mental retardation, and explore the evaluation effect of the goal attainment scale (GAS) in children with mental retardation.@*METHODS@#Sixty children with mental retardation were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, with 30 cases in each one. The children in the control group were treated with conventional rehabilitation, 5 times a week. On the basis of the control group, TEAS at Changqiang (GV 1) under the modulation of EOG signal was adopted in the treatment group. When the similarity between the collected EOG signal and the template was within the range of EOG threshold, one electric stimulation was triggered at Changqiang (GV 1) for 20 s (continuous wave, 70-100 Hz in frequency, 0.1-0.2 ms in pulse width), lasting 30 min in each treatment, the intervention was given twice a week. One course of treatment was composed of 4 weeks, and 3 courses were required in total in the two groups. The infant-junior high school student's social living ability scale (S-M) and GAS were scored and compared before and after treatment in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the scores of self-living ability in the treatment group and communication ability in the control group were higher than those before treatment (P<0.01, P<0.05). The scores of collective activity and motor ability in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, GAS scores were higher than before treatment in both groups (P<0.001), and the score in the treatment group was higher than the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#TEAS under the modulation of EOG signal is conductive to improving the collective, motor and self-living abilities of the children with mental retardation and promoting children's individual goals. Compared with the standard score of S-M, the T value of GAS can better reflect the subtle progress of individual.

The coronary heart disease of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome in mini-swine based on platelet proteomics / 药学学报

Based on the technology of platelet proteomics, the key regulatory proteins and pathogenesis of coronary heart disease with phlegm and blood stasis syndrome were explored and analyzed. Based on the previous laboratory research, the model of coronary heart disease in mini-swine with phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome was duplicated. The model was judged by the changes in blood lipid and myocardial tissue characteristics. Furthermore, the platelet proteins were studied by quantitative proteomics, and the differentially expressed proteins were screened. The critical regulatory proteins and biological pathways of coronary heart disease with phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome were analyzed by bioinformatics. After ten weeks of modeling, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-C), triglyceride (TG), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in the model group were significantly increased, reflecting the pathological changes such as increased blood lipid, abnormal coagulation function and myocardial ischemia in the model group. In addition, compared with the sham group, there were 26 up-regulated proteins and 8 down-regulated proteins in the platelets of the model group. Combined with bioinformatics analysis, it was found that differential proteins mainly involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, lipid and atherosclerosis, Ras protein signal transduction. Among them, lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (ADH5), neuroblastoma ratsarcoma viral oncogene homolog (NRAS) and Kirsten ratsarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) play a central role when interacting with other proteins and simultaneously participate in multiple action pathways. The results showed that LDHB, ADH5, NRAS, and KRAS may be the marker proteins in CHD with phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome by regulating glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, lipid and atherosclerosis, Ras protein signal transduction and other biological processes.

Monte Carlo design and preliminary test of X-ray protective rubber / 中国辐射卫生

@#<b>Objective</b> To complete the Monte Carlo design and preliminary test of X-ray protective rubber. <b>Methods</b> According to the characteristics of X-ray energy spectrum for interventional therapy, the shielding effects of lead rubber, tungsten and bismuth composite rubber, and gadolinium and bismuth composite rubber samples were calculated by Monte Carlo simulation. The variation law of lead equivalent of lead-free rubber and lead rubber with X-ray peak tube voltage was obtained through actual measurement. <b>Results</b> Within the peak tube voltage range of 60-110 kV, lead-free rubber effectively replaced lead rubber. <b>Conclusion</b> The shielding and attenuation effect of the existing lead-free protective rubber on low-energy stray X-rays is better than that of lead rubber. Considering the inherent defects of lead rubber, flexible X-ray protective materials with thermoplastic elastomer as filler will have broad development prospects.

Treatment Retention Rates of 3-monthly Paliperidone Palmitate and Risk Factors Associated with Discontinuation: A Population-based Cohort Study

Objective@#Limited evidence exists regarding real-world 3-monthly paliperidone palmitate (PP3M) treatment retention and associated factors. @*Methods@#We conducted a retrospective, nationwide cohort study using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database between October 2017 and December 2019. Adult patients with schizophrenia initiated on PP3M were enrolled. The primary outcomes were time to PP3M discontinuation, time to psychiatric hospitalization, and the proportions of patients receiving the next PP3M dose within 120 days among first-, second-, and third-dose completers. Key covariates included prior PP1M duration and adequate PP3M initiation. @*Results@#The PP3M treatment retention rates were 79.7%, 66.3%, and 52.5% after 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively, with 86.4%, 90.6%, and 90.0% of respective first-, second-, and third-dose completers receiving the next PP3M dose. Adequate PP3M initiation and prior PP1M treatment duration ＞ 180 days were associated with favorable PP3M treatment retention. In multivariate analyses, PP1M durations of 180−360 days (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.76) or ＜ 180 days (aRR, 2.79) were associated with PP3M discontinuation at the second dose. Inadequate PP3M initiation was associated with discontinuation at the third dose (aRR, 2.18). Patients fully adherent to PP3M treatment in the first year had a higher probability of being free from psychiatric hospitalization (86.7% at 2 years), compared with those partially adherent or non-adherent to PP3M in the first year. @*Conclusion@#Prior PP1M duration and adequate PP3M initiation are major factors affecting PP3M treatment retention. Higher PP3M treatment retention is associated with a lower risk of psychiatric hospitalization.

The imitation game: a review of the use of artificial intelligence in colonoscopy, and endoscopists’ perceptions thereof

The development of deep learning systems in artificial intelligence (AI) has enabled advances in endoscopy, and AI-aided colonoscopy has recently been ushered into clinical practice as a clinical decision-support tool. This has enabled real-time AI-aided detection of polyps with a higher sensitivity than the average endoscopist, and evidence to support its use has been promising thus far. This review article provides a summary of currently published data relating to AI-aided colonoscopy, discusses current clinical applications, and introduces ongoing research directions. We also explore endoscopists’ perceptions and attitudes toward the use of this technology, and discuss factors influencing its uptake in clinical practice.

Analysis of high risk factors for chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 200 radiation workers in Hainan Province / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the current status and high-risk factors of chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes （PBL） of radiation workers in Hainan Province. MethodsA total of 200 radiological workers who underwent occupational health examination in Hainan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to December 2021 were selected to collect the occupational health examination data and the rate of PBL chromosomal aberrations. The influencing factors of PBL chromosomal aberrations were analyzed by logistic regression model. The predictive value of logistic regression prediction model on PBL chromosomal aberrations were determined by using the reciver operator characteristic （ROC） curve. ResultsA total of 20 000 cells （100 cells/person） were tested. The chromosomal aberration rate was 0.37% （74/20 000） and the PBL chromosomal aberration rate in the subjects was 6.00% （12/200）. Univariate analysis showed that PBL chromosomal aberrations in radiological workers were related to age， length of service， type of work and education （all P<0.05）， but not to gender （P>0.05）. The logistic regression prediction model was constructed based on the influencing factors， with χ2=9.413， df=9， P=0.852， suggesting a good model fit. The logistic regression prediction model predicted the area under the curve （AUC） for the occurrence of PBL chromosomal aberrations in radiation workers was 0.914 （95%CI： 0.866‒0.949）， with a cut-off value of 3.05， corresponding to a prediction sensitivity and specificity of 100.00% and 75.98%， respectively. ConclusionThe incidence of PBL chromosomal aberrations in radiological workers in Hainan Province was 6.00%， with age， working age and job type as high-risk factors and education level as a protective factor. The prediction model constructed by the above factors can provide a reliable basis for clinical prediction of PBL chromosomal aberrations in radiological workers.

Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation to Explore Mechanism of Tetrahydropalmatine on Acute Myocardial Ischemia / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the potential molecular mechanism of tetrahydropalmatine (THP) on acute myocardial ischemia (AMI).@*METHODS@#First, the target genes of THP and AMI were collected from SymMap Database, Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform, and Swiss Target Prediction, respectively. Then, the overlapping target genes between THP and AMI were evaluated for Grene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis. The binding affinity between the protein and THP was assessed by molecular docking. Finally, the protective effects of THP on AMI model and oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) model of H9C2 cardiomyocyte were explored and the expression levels of target genes were detected by RT-qPCR in vivo and in vitro.@*RESULTS@#MMP9, PPARG, PTGS2, SLC6A4, ESR1, JAK2, GSK3B, NOS2 and AR were recognized as hub genes. The KEGG enrichment analysis results revealed that the potential target genes of THP were involved in the regulation of PPAR and hormone pathways. THP improved the cardiac function, as well as alleviated myocardial cell damage. Furthermore, THP significantly decreased the RNA expression levels of MMP9, PTGS2, SLC6A4, GSK3B and ESR1 (P<0.05, P<0.01) after AMI. In vitro, THP significantly increased H9C2 cardiomyocyte viability (P<0.05, P<0.01) and inhibited the RNA expression levels of PPARG, ESR1 and AR (P<0.05, P<0.01) in OGD model.@*CONCLUSIONS@#THP could improve cardiac function and alleviate myocardial injury in AMI. The underlying mechanism may be inhibition of inflammation, the improvement of energy metabolism and the regulation of hormones.

Evaluation of gastric emptying after drinking carbohydrates before cesarean section by gastric ultrasonography / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of gastric antrum ultrasonography in evaluating gastric emptying after oral administration of 300 mL carbohydrates two hours before cesarean section, and to analyze the risk factors of gastric emptying in pregnant women.@*METHODS@#From August 2020 to February 2021, a total of 80 patients, aged 22-43 years, body mass index (BMI) < 35 kg/m2, gestational age≥36 weeks, falling into American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ, scheduled for cesarean sections in Peking University International Hospital were recruited and divided into two groups: the intervention group (n=40)and the control group (n=40). In the intervention group, solid food was restricted after 22:00, the patients were required to take 300 mL carbohydrates two hours before cesarean section. In the control group, solid food and liquid intake were restricted after 22:00 the night before surgery. All the patients received assessment of preoperative feeling of thirst and starvation with visual analogue scale (VAS). The cross-sectional area (CSA)of gastric antrum was measured in supine position and right supine position before anesthesia, the gastric volume (GV)and the gastric volume/weight(GV/W)of the two groups was further calculated. Perlas A semi-quantitative grading assessments were performed in each patient. The blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at admission(T0), 5 minutes after anesthesia (T1), immediately after fetal delivery (T2) and at the end of the surgery (T3). The occurrence of nausea and vomiting during the operation and 24 hours after the operation were recorded.@*RESULTS@#One case in each group was excluded because the antrum was not clearly identified during the ultrasound assessments. In the semi-sitting position, the CSA was (5.07±1.73) cm2 in the intervention group vs. (5.24±1.96) cm2 in the control group, respectively; in the right lateral decubitus position, CSA was (7.32±2.17) cm2 in the intervention group vs. (7.25±2.24) cm2 in the control group, GV was (91.74±32.34) mL vs. (90.07±31.68) mL, GV/W was (1.27±0.40) mL/kg vs. (1.22±0.41) mL/kg, respectively; all the above showed no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Perlas A semi-quantitative grading showed 0 in 20 patients (51.3%), 1 in 16 (41%), 2 in 3 (7.7%)in the intervention group and 0 in 22 (56.4%), 1 in 15 (38.5%), 2 in 2 (5.1%)in the control group, the proportion of Perlas A semi-quantitative grading showed no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). For the patients with Perlas A semi-quantitative grade 2 (3 cases in the intervention group and 2 cases in the control group), metoclopramide 0.2 mg/kg was intravenously injected before anesthesia. No aspiration case was observed in this study. The intervention group was endured less thirst and hunger (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in blood pressure and heart rate between the two groups at each time point (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of intraoperative hypotension between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of nausea intraoperatively and postoperatively between the two groups (P > 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Ultrasonography of gastric antrum can provide objective basis for evaluating gastric emptying of pregnant women perioperatively. 300 mL carbohydrates intake two hours before surgery, which does not increase GV and the risk of reflux aspiration, and is helpful in minimizing disturbance to the patient's physiological status, therefore leading to better clinical outcome.

Flavonoid-Rich Extract of Oldenlandia diffusa (Willd.) Roxb. Inhibits Gastric Cancer by Activation of Caspase-Dependent Mitochondrial Apoptosis / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the apoptosis and cycle arrest effects of Oldenlandia diffusa flavonoids on human gastric cancer cells, determine the action mechanisms in association with the mitochondrial dependent signal transduction pathway that controls production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and evaluate the pharmacodynamics of a mouse xenotransplantation model to provide a reference for the use of flavonoids in prevention and treatment of gastric cancer.@*METHODS@#Flavonoids were extracted by an enzymatic-ultrasonic assisted method and purified with D-101 resin. Bioactive components were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography. Cell lines MKN-45, AGS, and GES-1 were treated with different concentrations of flavonoids (64, 96, 128, 160 µg/mL). The effect of flavonoids on cell viability was evaluated by MTT method, and cell nuclear morphology was observed by Hoechst staining. The apoptosis rate and cell cycle phases were measured by flow cytometry, the production of ROS was detected by laser confocal microscope, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were observed by fluorescence microscope, and the expression of apoptotic proteins related to activation of mitochondrial pathway were measured by immunoblotting. MKN-45 cells were transplanted into BALB/c nude mice to establish a xenograft tumor model. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to reveal the subcutaneous tumor tissue. The tumor volume and tumor weight were measured, the expression levels of proliferation markers proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the expression levels of CA72-4 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.@*RESULTS@#Oldenlandia diffusa flavonoids inhibited proliferation of MKN-45 and AGS human gastric cancer cells, arrested the cell cycle in G1/S phase, induced accumulation of ROS in the process of apoptosis, and altered MMP. In addition, flavonoids increased Apaf-1, Cleaved-Caspase-3, and Bax, and decreased Cyclin A, Cdk2, Bcl-2, Pro-Caspase-9, and Mitochondrial Cytochrome C (P<0.05). The MKN-45 cell mouse xenotransplantation model further clarified the growth inhibitory effect of flavonoids towards tumors. The expression levels of PCNA and Ki-67 decreased in each flavonoid dose group, the expression level of CA72-4 decreased (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Flavonoids derived from Oldenlandia diffusa can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells by activating the mitochondrial controlled signal transduction pathway.

Research on the Application of Electromagnetic Navigation Technology in Surgical Robots / 中国医疗器械杂志

Due to the need to achieve precise operations during surgery, in order to prevent hand tremors and poor surgical field of view, more and more surgical robots are used in surgical operations combined with navigation technology to meet the requirements for surgical accuracy. Open surgery such as orthopaedics, joint replacement and neurosurgery on the market generally use optical navigation systems to guide robots to achieve precise positioning, but optical navigation systems cannot be used for operations in areas with small surgical space. Therefore, a robotic surgical system based on electromagnetic navigation technology that can be applied to the craniofacial area was proposed. By using this robot, the problems of difficult operation and low precision caused by the narrow craniofacial space can be solved. Key techniques and considerations are studied. The function of the developed prototype is verified through model tests. The test results show that the surgical robot under the electromagnetic navigation technology can achieve precise surgical operations improve the success rate of the doctor's surgery and reduce postoperative complications.

Clinical Value of Translocator Protein Gene in Evaluating the Efficacy of FLT3-ITD/DNMT3A R882 Double-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical significance of translocator proteins (TSPO) gene in the treatment of FLT3-ITD/DNMT3A R882 double-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML).@*METHODS@#Seventy-six patients with AML hospitalized in the Department of Hematology of the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University from June 2018 to June 2020 were selected, including 34 patients with FLT3-ITD mutation, 27 patients with DNMT3A R882 mutation, 15 patients with FLT3-ITD/DNMT3A R882 double mutation, as well as 19 patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) hospitalized during the same period as control group. RNA was routinely extracted from 3 ml bone marrow retained during bone puncture, and TSPO gene expression was detected by transcriptome sequencing (using 2-deltadeltaCt calculation).@*RESULTS@#The expression of TSPO gene in FLT3-ITD group and DNMT3A R882 group at first diagnosis was 2.02±1.04 and 1.85±0.76, respectively, which were both higher than 1.00±0.06 in control group, but the differences were not statistically significant (P=0.671, P=0.821). The expression of TSPO gene in the FLT3-ITD/DNMT3A R882 group was 3.98±1.07, wich was significantly higher than that in the FLT3-ITD group and DNMT3A R882 group, the differences were statistically significant (P=0.032, P=0.021). The expression of TSPO gene in patients who achieved complete response after chemotherapy in the FLT3-ITD/DNMT3A R882 group was 1.19±0.87, which was significantly lower than that at first diagnosis, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.011).@*CONCLUSION@#TSPO gene may be used as an indicator of efficacy in FLT3-ITD /DNMT3A R882 double-mutated AML.

Research progress of fibroblast growth factor in nervous system diseases / 浙江大学学报·医学版

Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are a group of structurally related polypeptides which constitute an elaborate signaling system with their receptors. Evidence accumulated in the years suggests that the FGF family plays a key role in the repair of central nervous system injury. The main protective mechanisms include activating the expression of PI3K-Akt, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) and other signals; inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis; regulating neuronal differentiation and neuronal excitability as well as participating in protection of neurovascular units and nerve function repair. This paper comprehensively summarizes the latest research progress in FGF signaling related to diseases of the central nervous system such as cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy and depression, aiming to provide scientific basis and reference for the development of innovative FGF drugs for the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases.

Clinical features of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variant infection in children: an analysis of 201 cases / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the clinical features of children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant infection.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 201 children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who were hospitalized and diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection in Quanzhou First Hospital from March 14 to April 7, 2022. Among the 201 children, there were 34 children with asymptomatic infection and 167 with symptomatic infection. The two groups were compared in terms of clinical features, results of experimental examinations, and outcome.@*RESULTS@#Of all the 201 children, 161 (80.1%) had a history of exposure to COVID-19 patients and 132 (65.7%) had a history of COVID-19 vaccination. Among the 167 children with symptomatic infections, 151 had mild COVID-19 and 16 had common COVID-19, with no severe infection or death. Among the 101 children who underwent chest CT examination, 16 had ground glass changes and 20 had nodular or linear opacities. The mean time to nucleic acid clearance was (14±4) days for the 201 children with Omicron variant infection, and the symptomatic infection group had a significantly longer time than the asymptomatic infection group [(15±4) days vs (11±4) days, P<0.05]. The group vaccinated with one or two doses of COVID-19 vaccine had a significantly higher positive rate of IgG than the group without vaccination (P<0.05). The proportions of children with increased blood lymphocyte count in the symptomatic infection group was significantly lower than that in the asymptomatic infection group (P<0.05). Compared with the asymptomatic infection group, the symptomatic infection group had significantly higher proportions of children with increased interleukin-6, increased fibrinogen, and increased D-dimer (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Most of the children with Omicron variant infection have clinical symptoms, which are generally mild. The children with symptomatic infection are often accompanied by decreased or normal blood lymphocyte count and increased levels of interleukin-6, fibrinogen, and D-dimer, with a relatively long time to nucleic acid clearance. Some of them had ground glass changes on chest CT.

Postoperative subacute static progressive stretch does not increase the risk of distal lower limb venous thromboembolism / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#Static progressive stretch (SPS) can be applied to treat chronic joint stiffness. However, the impacts of subacute application of SPS to the distal lower limbs, where deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is common, on venous thromboembolism remain unclear. This study aims to explore the risk of venous thromboembolism events following subacute application of SPS.@*METHODS@#A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients diagnosed with DVT following a lower extremity orthopedic surgery before being transferred to the rehabilitation ward from May 2017 to May 2022. Patients with unilateral lower limb comminuted para-articular fractures, transferred to rehabilitation ward for further treatment within 3 weeks after operation, followed up more than 12 weeks since initial manual physiotherapy, and diagnosed DVT by ultrasound before rehabilitation course were included in the study. Patients with polytrauma, without evidence of previous peripheral vascular disease or incompetence, had medication for thrombosis treatment or prophylaxis before the operation, detected with paralysis due to nervous system impairment, infected after operation during the regime, or with acute progression of DVT were excluded. The included patients were randomized to the standard physiotherapy and the SPS integrated groups for observation. Associated DVT and pulmonary embolism data were collected during the physiotherapy course to compare the groups. SSPS 28.0 and GraphPad Prism 9 were used for data processing. A p < 0.05 was set significant difference.@*RESULTS@#In total of 154 patients with DVT participating in this study, 75 of them were treated with additional SPS for postoperative rehabilitation. The participants in the SPS group showed improved range of motion (12.3° ± 6.7°). However, in the SPS group, there was no difference in thrombosis volume between the start and termination (p = 0.106, p = 0.787, respectively), although difference was seen intra-therapy (p < 0.001). Contingency analysis revealed the pulmonary embolism incidence (OR = 0.703) in the SPS group compared to the mean physiotherapy.@*CONCLUSION@#The SPS technique is a safe and reliable option to prevent potential joint stiffness without aggravating the risk of distal DVT for postoperative patients suffering from relevant trauma.

Genetic analysis of a Chinese family affected with α-dystroglycanopathy due to variant of B3GALNT2 gene / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic basis for a Chinese pedigree affected with recurrent fetal hydrocephalus.@*METHODS@#A couple who had presented at the Affiliated Hospital of Putian College on March 3, 2021 was selected as the study subject. Following elective abortion, fetal tissue and peripheral blood samples were respectively obtained from the abortus and the couple, and were subjected to whole exome sequencing. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing.@*RESULTS@#The fetus was found to harbor compound heterozygous variants of the B3GALNT2 gene, namely c.261-2A>G and c.536T>C (p.Leu179Pro), which were inherited from its father and mother, respectively.According to the guidelines of American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, both variants were classified as pathogenic (PVS1+PM2_Supporting; PM3+PM2_Supporting+PP3+PP4).@*CONCLUSION@#The compound heterozygous variants of the B3GALNT2 gene probably underlay the α-dystroglycanopathy in this fetus. Above results have provided a basis for genetic counseling of this pedigree.