Relationship among childhood trauma, resilience and depressive symptom in adolescents / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To investigate the current situation of depressive symptoms among adolescents in Wuhan city and explore the association among childhood trauma,resilience and depressive symptom.Methods:Totally 5906 students were chosen from 5 primary schools,3 middle schools and 2 high schools in Wuhan.The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was used to evaluate childhood trauma experience,the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were used to assess resilience level and depressive symptoms respectively.Results:The rates of depressive symptoms and childhood trauma were 16.1％ (953/5906) and 32.4％ (1915/5906).The subjects with experience of childhood trauma (n =1915) showed higher CES-D scores lower CD-RISC scores and each factor scores compared with those without experience of childhood trauma (n =3991).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the experience of childhood trauma (OR =2.81,95％ CI:2.41-3.29) was risk factor for depressive symptoms.Resilience (51 ≤ CD-RISC ≤ 63:OR =0.53,95 ％ CI:0.44-0.64;64 ≤ CD-RISC ≤ 77:OR =0.32,95 ％ CI:0.26 ～ 0.39;78 ≤ CD-RISC ≤ 100:OR =0.17,95％ CI:0.13-0.22) was protective factor for depressive symptoms.Conclusion:The adolescences with experience of childhood trauma are more likely to suffer from depressive symptoms.Resilience may be a protective factor for depressive symptoms.

Association Analysis of Proteasome Subunits and Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing on Chinese Patients with Parkinson's Disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Proteasome subunits (PSMB) and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) loci are located in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class II region play important roles in immune response and protein degradation in neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of PSMB and TAP and Parkinson's disease (PD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case-control study was conducted by genotyping SNPs in PSMB8, PSMB9, TAP1, and TAP2 genes in the Chinese population. Subjects included 542 sporadic patients with PD and 674 healthy controls. Nine identified SNPs in PSMB8, PSMB9, TAP1, and TAP2 were genotyped through SNaPshot testing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The stratified analysis of rs17587 was specially performed on gender. Data revealed that female patients carry a higher frequency of rs17587-G/G versus (A/A + G/A) compared with controls. But there was no significant difference with respect to the genotypic frequencies of the SNPs in PSMB8, TAP1, and TAP2 loci in PD patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Chinese females carrying the rs17587-G/G genotype in PSMB9 may increase a higher risk for PD, but no linkage was found between other SNPs in HLA Class II region and PD.</p>

Efficacy of Zaozhu Yinchen Recipe for Treating Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis and its Effect on Free Fatty Acid and TNF-alpha / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the efficacy of Zaozhu Yinchen Recipe (ZZYCR) on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients, and to explore its effect on serum free fatty acid (FFA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 120 patients with NASH were randomly assigned to the treatment group (60 cases, treated with ZZYCR, one dose per day) and the control group (60 cases, treated with Silibin Meglumine Tablets, 20 mg each time, thrice per day). The therapeutic course for all was 24 weeks. Serum levels of ALT and AST activities, TC and TG levels were detected before and after treatment. Peritoneal CT was performed in all patients, and CT ratios of liver and spleen calculated. NAFLD activity score (NAS) and degree of hepatic fibrosis were assessed using pathological examinations of liver tissue, and efficacy also evaluated. Serum contents of FFA and TNF-alpha were also detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with before treatment in the same group, activities of ALT and AST, serum levels of TC, TG, FFA, and TNF-alpha, NAS, scores of symptoms and signs all obviously decreased, degree of hepatic fibrosis was obviously improved in the two groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). These changes were more obviously seen in the treatment group (P < 0.05). After 24-week treatment, the total effective rate and total clinical efficacy were 80.00% (48/60 cases) and 85.00% (51/60 cases) in the treatment group, obviously higher than those in the control group [60.00% (36/60 cases) and 73.33% (44/60 cases) respectively], with significant difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ZZYCR could improve the clinical efficacy of NASH patients, and its mechanism might be associated with inhibiting serum levels of FFA and TNF-alpha.</p>

Mechanism of geniposide in improving free fatty acid metabolism in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease / 中国中药杂志

To observe the effect of geniposide on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and discuss the mechanism of geniposide for NAFLD from the aspect of free fatty acid, forty healthy Wistar male rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, geniposide and Xuezhikang group. The rats in normal group were fed with normal diets, and the rats in other 3 groups were given with high-fat diet for 8 weeks to induce the NAFLD models. From the week 5 to end of week 8, the rats in geniposide and Xuezhikang group were intervened with corresponding medicines. The body weight, liver wet weight, and fat weight of the rats were recorded. Visual and pathological changes in hepatic tissues were observed with HE staining. The contents of TG, FFA, FAS, AMPK, ACCase and Malonyl-CoA in hepatic tissue, contents of CHO and LDL-C in serum and activities of AST and ALT in serum were detected by using corresponding methods. The results showed that the body weight, liver wet weight, and fat weight of the rats, CHO, LDL-C, ALT and AST levels in serum, TG, FFA, FAS, ACCase and Malonyl-CoA levels in hepatic tissues of the rats in model group were significantly higher than those in normal group (P<0.01), while AMPK activity was significantly lower than that of the normal group (P<0.01), with obvious visual and pathological steatosis in hepatic tissues, and inflammatory injury occurred in model group. Compared with the model group, body weight of the rat, fat weight, levels of FFA in hepatic tissues, ALT and AST activities in serum, liver wet weight, TG, FAS, ACCase and Malonyl-CoA levels were significantly decreased in geniposide group (P<0.01), while the AMPK activity in hepatic tissues was significantly increased (P<0.05),with improvement in visual and pathological performance. Compared with the model group, liver wet weight, fat weight, TG and FFA levels in hepatic tissues, and LDL-C level in serum were significantly decreased in Xuezhikang group (P<0.05). Compared with Xuezhikang group, the body weight of rat, fat weight and FFA level in hepatic tissues were significantly lower in geniposide group (P<0.01), but with no significant difference in other aspects. These findings indicated that geniposide was highly effective in improving the pharmacological effect of NAFLD induced by high-fat diet, and the mechanism was achieved through AMPK-ACCase-Malonyl-CoA-FFA axis.

Role of network characteristics in evaluation of literature-based indirect association discovery / 中华医学图书情报杂志

New scientific hypotheses detected by mining the potential indirect association inliterature according to the studies on literature-based knowledge discovery are increasinglyapplied in biomedical field and evaluation of literature-based indirect association discovery is a hot spot in recent studies on literature-based knowledge discovery . The role of network characteristics in evaluation of literature-based indirect association discovery during the litera-ture-based knowledge discovery was thus studied.The new indexes for evaluaing the literature-based indirect asso-ciation discovery were esatablished by integrating the co-ocurrent statistic information and the network charateris-tics, which are of greatimportance for improving literature-based knowledge discovery and constructing knowledge discovery system .

Dopamine Agonists Exert Nurr1-inducing Effect in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Parkinson's Disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Nurr1 plays an essential role in the development, survival, and function maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons, and it is a potential target for Parkinson's disease (PD). Nurr1 mRNA can be detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), but whether there is any association of altered Nurr1 expression in PBMC with the disease and DA drug treatments remains elusive. This study aimed to measure the Nurr1 mRNA level in PBMC and evaluate the effect of Nurr1 expression by DA agents in vivo and in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mRNA levels of Nurr1 in PBMC of four subgroups of 362 PD patients and 193 healthy controls (HCs) using real-time polymerase chain reaction were measured. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed to evaluate the differences between PD and HC, as well as the subgroups of PD. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent association of Nurr1 expression with Hoehn and Yahr scale, age, and drug treatments. Besides, the Nurr1 expression in cultured PBMC was measured to determine whether DA agonist pramipexole affects its mRNA level.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The relative Nurr1 mRNA levels in DA agonists treated subgroup were significant higher than those in recent-onset cases without any anti-PD treatments (de novo) (P < 0.001) and HC groups (P < 0.010), respectively. Furthermore, the increase in Nurr1 mRNA expression was seen in DA agonist and L-dopa group. Multivariate linear regression showed DA agonists, L-dopa, and DA agonists were independent predictors correlated with Nurr1 mRNA expression level in PBMC. In vitro, in the cultured PBMC treated with 10 μmol/L pramipexole, the Nurr1 mRNA levels were significantly increased by 99.61%, 71.75%, 73.16% in 2, 4, and 8 h, respectively (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DA agonists can induce Nurr1 expression in PBMC, and such effect may contribute to DA agonists-mediated neuroprotection on DA neurons.</p>

Effects of different doses of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on expression of HMGB1 and IL-17 in the lungs of asthmatic mice / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) on airway remodeling and expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and IL-17 in asthmatic mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty female mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, asthma, low-dose, middle-dose, and high-dose intervention groups (n=10 each). Asthma was induced by intraperitoneal injections of ovalbumin (OVA) and aerosol inhalation of OVA solution. The low-dose, middle-dose, and high-dose intervention groups were administered with 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) solution at the dosage of 1, 4 and 10 μg/kg respectively by intraperitoneal injections before asthma challenge. The airway structural changes were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 and IL-17 in the lung tissues were evaluated by RT-PCR. The protein levels of HMGB1 and IL-17 in the lung tissues were observed by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The airway wall thickness, protein and mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 and IL-17 were higher in the untreated asthma group than in the control group (P<0.05). The airway wall thickness, protein and mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 and IL-17 were lower in the middle-dose and low-dose intervention groups than in the untreated asthma group, and the middle-dose intervention group demonstrated lower airway wall thickness, protein and mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 and IL-17 than in the low-dose intervention group (P<0.05). However, the airway wall thickness, protein and mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 and IL-17 in the high-dose intervention group were higher than in the untreated asthma group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HMGB1 and IL-17 may be involved in the airway remodeling process in asthmatic mice. A moderate amount of HMGB1 and IL-17 may be involved in the airway remodeling process in asthmatic mice. A moderate amount of 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) can improve the airway remodeling, but a higher dose of 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) may affect adversely the airway remodeling process.</p>

The effects of DR2 on myocardial ischemic postconditioning and its underlying mechanisms / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of dopamin receptors-2 (DR2) on myocardial ischemic postconditioning and explore its underlying mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The myocardial ischemic postconditioning (PC) model was established in cultured primary rat neonatal cardiomyocytes which were then randomly assigned in the following groups: Nomial control group, Isehemia/reperfusion (L'R) group, PC (ischemic postconditioning) group, PC + Bro (Bromocriptine, a DB2 antagonist) group, PC + Hal (Haloperidol, a DB2 repressor) and PC + Hal + Bro groups. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in cell medium were analyzed by colorunetry. The cell ultrastructure changes were observed by transmission electron microscope. The cell apoptosis was analyzed using flowcytometiy. The protein expression level of D112 and activity of p-p38 and p-JNK were detected by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the nonnal control group, hR increased the protein expression level of DB2, enhanced LDH activity and MDA content, promoted cell injury and apoptosis, decreased SOD activity, up-regulated the activity of p-p38 and p-JNK. Compared with the hR group, although PC further increased the expression of DR2 protein, it decreased LDH activity and MDA content, cell injury and apoptosis, increased SOD activity, down-regulated activity of p-p38 and p-JNK. Bromocriptine treatment further enhanced PC-induced canlioprotective effect, yet Hal addition attenuated this enhancing effect exerted by bromocriptine.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The activation of DB2 is involved in the protective effect of ischemic postconditioning on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury through down-regulating the activity of p-p38 and p-JNK.</p>

Reactivity to substance P of isolated lymphatics in hemorrhagic shock rat / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the change of lymphatic reactivity to substance P (SP) during the process of hemorrhagic shock (HS) with a technique of lymphatic perfusion in vitro in this study.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (surgical procedure only) and HS group (the rats in this group were further divided into five subgroups: shock 0 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h groups after duplicating the HS model with method of bloodletting to mean arterial blood pressure was 40 mmHg through the femoral venous). Thoracic ducts were separated from HS rats at the corresponding time points in each group. A segment of thoracic duct was pressed and perfused in vitro at transmural pressure of 3 cm H2O, and then stimulated with gradient SP respectively. The end systolic diameter, end diastolic diameter, contraction frequency (CF) and passive diameter of isolated lymphatics were measured, while the contraction amplitude (CA), tonic index (TI) and fractional pump flow (FPF) were calculated, and the different values between pre- and post- administration of SP of CF, CA, TI and FPF were calculated and expressed as Delta CF, Delta TI, Delta CA and Delta FPF to further assess the reactivity of lymphatics.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After SP incubation, the Delta CF, Delta TI, Delta CA and Delta FPF of 0 h- and 0.5 h shocked lymphatics were significantly increased when compared with that of control group on one or several concentrations. The Delta CF (at 3 x 10(-7) mol/L of SP) and Delta TI (1 x 10(-7) mol/L) of 2 h- shocked lymphatics and the Delta CF (1 x 10(-7) mol/L, 3 x 10(-7) mol/L), Delta TI (1 x 10(-7) mol/L) and Delta CA (1 x 10(-7) mol/L) of 3 h- shocked lymphatics were all significantly reduced when compared with control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The reactivity of lymphatics to SP presented a biphasic change during the process of HS: increase in early phase and decline in later stage.</p>

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the evaluation of infiltration zone of cerebral alveolar echinococcosis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Cerebral alveolar echinococcosis (CAE) grows infiltratively like a malignant tumor, causing great harm to the human body. It is possible to display mass lesions of CAE using various imaging systems, but regarding the infiltrating proliferation active regions, it is difficult to evaluate its actual range using conventional magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI). This research focused on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)HMRS) techniques to find the mass and infiltration zone of CAE. We explored the marginal zone (MZ) of CAE nearly close to the actual infiltrating scope, to provide reliable images for clinical purposes, to overcome shortcomings of cMRI, to formulate beneficial clinical surgical plans and assess prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between September 2005 and May 2011, 15 patients who were suffering from CAE (36 effective lesions altogether) were examined by (1)HMRS at the first affiliated hospital of Xinjiang Medical University. Multi-voxel (1)HMRS was acquired with a 1.5T MRI scanner. Concentrations and the ratios of the metabolites of CAE were calculated. Furthermore, changes in the concentrations of the metabolites containing N-acetyl-aspartic-acid (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), lipids and lactate (Lip + Lac) and the ratios of Cho/Cr, NAA/Cr, (Lip + Lac) /Cr were compared in the substantial region, 0 - 10 mm MZ, and 11 - 20 mm MZ of the infiltration zone, as well as the corresponding contralateral part of the normal brain parenchyma area (control group).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In this study, the ratios of Cho/Cr in the substantial region, 0 - 10 mm MZ of infiltration zone and the control group were 1.78 ± 0.70, 1.90 ± 0.54, and 0.78 ± 0.15, respectively; the ratios of NAA/Cr were 1.60 ± 0.20, 1.80 ± 0.42, 2.24 ± 0.86, respectively; the ratios of (Lip + Lac)/Cr were 25.69 ± 13.84, 25.18 ± 16.03, and 0.61 ± 0.15, respectively. From the control group, 11 - 20 mm MZ to 0 - 10 mm MZ and the substantial region of CAE, the concentrations of the metabolites showed that NAA and Cho decreased gradually and markedly. But (Lip + Lac) increased gradually and markedly. The ratios of Cho/Cr and NAA/Cr, (Lip + Lac)/Cr were statistically significant (P < 0.0083) between the substantial region and the control group, as well as between the 0 - 10 mm MZ and the control group. The ratios of Cho/Cr and NAA/Cr, (Lip + Lac)/Cr displayed no statistically significant differences (P > 0.0083) between the substantial region and the 0 - 10 mm MZ.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There was a pathological spectrum surrounding the infiltration zone of CAE. Multi-voxel 1HMRS has great clinical value for discerning the main lesion and the infiltration zone of CAE.</p>

A new perylenequinone from a halotolerant fungus, Alternaria sp. M6 / 中国天然药物

AIM@#To study the metabolites of a halotolerant fungus Alternaria sp. M6.@*METHODS@#The metabolites were isolated and purified by various chromatographic techniques. Their structures were determined on the basis of physical properties and spectroscopic data.@*RESULTS@#Nine compounds were isolated and identified as 8β-chloro-3, 6aα, 7β, 9β, 10-pentahydroxy-9, 8, 7, 6a-tetrahydroperylen-4(6aH)-one (1), alterperylenol (2), dihydroalterperylenol (3), adenine (4), adenosine (5), deoxyadenosine (6), guanosine (7), tryptophan (8), and hexadecanoic acid (9).@*CONCLUSION@#Compound 1 is a new perylenequinone.

Mutiple-slice spiral CT diagnosis of atypical intraabdominal hernia / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the value of multiple-slice spiral CT diagnosis of atypical intraabdominal hernia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical and CT findings of 16 cases of atypical intraabdominal hernia confirmed surgically were retrospectively analysed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In all the 16 cases, the contents of hernia were small bowels and the mesentery. Nine cases were caused by the adhesion after abdominal operations or infection, 6 by the mesenteric foramen, and 1 by the gap of pelvic peritoneum. The main CT findings were as follows:(1)the obstructed small bowels gathered abnormally and showed cluster shape(9 cases); the walls of the bowels thickened with edema and showed "target" sign with exudate in the neighboring spaces(5 cases); other part of the abdominal cavity became empty for lack of small bowels(4 cases).(2) Abnormal arrangement of the branches of mesenteric vessel, which appeared gathered or pulled or rigid and displacement of the main branches to left or right(12 cases). Thickened mesenteric vessel (4 cases): torsion of mesentery with "whirlpool" sign (3 cases). (3) With the help of multiplanar reformation, 5 cases showed the evidence of hernia rings. In the ring area, there were gathered or pulled or rigid and radiating mesenteric vessel and the dilated or effusion bowels in cluster arrangement forming "parachute" and "bundle of balloons" sign.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CT manifestations of atypical intraabdominal hernia has some specific characteristics, which is of important value for clinical diagnosis and treatment.</p>

Influence of mild hypothermia on apoptotic protease activating factor-1 protein expression in the hippocampal CA1 area and learning and memory functions of rats after diffuse brain injury / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To investigate the influence of mild hypothermia on the apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) protein expression in the hippocampal CA1 area and learning and memory functions of rats after diffuse brain injury (DBI). Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats were equally randomized into normal group, sham-operated group, brain injury group and mild hypothermia treatment group (n=12). Rats in the normal group did not receive any treatment; rats in the sham-operated group only received anesthesia, and incision and suture of scalp; rats in the brain injury group and mild hypothermia treatment group were induced the DBI models according to Marmarou method; and rats in the mild hypothermia treatment group were performed hypothermia with ice blanket and ice bag to control the rectal temperature within 30.0-31.0 ℃ for 2 h. After DBI for 2 weeks, the times of searching refuge platform and the protein expression of Apaf-1 were compared among the 4 groups. Results The times of searching refuge platform in the normal group, sham operated group, brain injury group and mild hypothermia treatment group were (10.1 ±1.9), (10.3±1.8), (3.8±2.3) and (6.9±1.1), respectively,with significant differences between each 2 groups (P<0.05). The protein expression of Apaf-1 in the brain injury group and mild hypothermia treatment group was obviously higher than that in the other groups (P<0.05), and significantly lower protein expression of Apaf-1 in the mild hypothermia rats was noted as compared with that in the brain injury rats (P<0.05). Conclusion Mild hypothermia might play a protective role by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis for rats with DBI through the Apaf-1 pathway,which can improve learning and memory abilities.

Clinical features of mucormycosis / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the clinical features of patients with mucormycosis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of all 9 cases of mucormycosis in our hospital from 1986 to 2009.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average age was(31 ∓ 19)years. The intervals between the onset of disease to diagnosis ranged from 1 weeks to 31 months. One patient had rhinocerebral mucormycosis, 4 had pulmonary mucormycosis, 2 had disseminated mucormycosis, and 1 had isolated central nervous system mucormycosis. Risk factors included long-term high-dose usage of corticosteroids, diabetes,acidosis, and extensive skin lesions. Laboratory analysis showed elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and increased C-reactive protein. Laboratory evidences also suggested 6 patients were obviously immunocompromised. Chest CT scans of all patients with pulmonary mucormycosis revealed bilateral multiple patches. All patients were treated with intravenous amphotericin B, and two patients also underwent surgeries. One of two patients with disseminated mucormycosis died, the patient with rhinocerebral mucormycosis was stabilized,and the other patients were improved.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Mucormycosis is a rare disease, and all patients are immunocompromised. Due to the rapid progression and poor prognosis, early diagnosis and correct treatment are necessary and may improve survival.</p>

Comparison of 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG PET/CT for lymph node staging in thoracic esophageal carcinoma / 中华核医学杂志

Objective To compare the diagnostic value 18F-fluorothymidine (FLT) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in detecting lymph node metastases of untreated thoracic esophageal carcinoma. Methods Twenty-two patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma underwent both 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG PET/CT before surgery. The imaging results of the two modalities in detecting regional lymph node metastases were compared prospectively with the pathologic findings. The X2-test was used with SPS S 13.0. Results All patients underwent esophagectomy and lymphadenectomy. The metastatic lymph nodes were found in 16 patients, from which 47 of 424 excised nodes were positive by pathologic examination. False positive results were 14 while false negative 8 on 18F-FDG PET/CT. In contrast, false positive results were only 3 but false negative were 12 on 18 F-FLT PET/CT. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy,negative predictive value, and positive predictive value were 74.47% ( 35/47 ), 99.20% ( 374/377 ),96.46% (409/424), 96.89% ( 374/386 ) and 92.11% ( 35/38 ) respectively for 18 F-FLT PET/CT, whereas the corresponding values were 82.98% (39/47), 96.29% (363/377), 94.81% (402/424), 97.84%(363/371 ) and 73.58% (39/53) respectively for 18 F-FDG PET/CT (X2 = 0.572, 6.018, 1.017, 0.348,3.852, P＞0. 05, ＜0.05, ＞0.05, ＞0.05 and ＞0.05). Conclusions Compared with 18F-FDG PET/CT, 18F-FLT PET/CT may be less sensitive but more specific for the detection of lymph node metastases of thoracic esophageal carcinoma.

Effects of platelet-derived growth factor α receptor in experimental rabbit PVR / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation is critical for growth factor-mediated cell proliferation. The present study was designed to determine the effect of the tyrphostin AG1295 and AG1296, a selective blocker of PDGF βand αRTK,on proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) development.METHODS:Rabbit conjunctival fibroblasts (RCF) cells were cultured.The effects of AG1295, AG1296,PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB on RCF proliferation are evaluated by MTT assay.Homologous rabbit conjunctival fibroblasts were injected intravitreally to make animal PVR model, followed by injection of 100μmol/L of AG1295 or AG1296 respectively. The presence of tractional retinal detachment (TRD) was assessed to evaluate the effect of AG1295 and AG1296 in vivo .Electroretinography and histologic studies were performed after intravitreal injection of AG1295 into untreated eyes to evaluate toxicity. RESULTS: Both AG1295 and AG1296 (10μmol/L) significantly inhibited rabbit conjunctival fibroblast cell growth stimulated by PDGF-AA or -BB in vitro.Development of TRD was significantly reduced (P<0.05) with 100 μmol/L of AG1295 or AG1296 in vivo, but the effect of AG1295 only present till day 14. Inhibitive effect of AG1296 is longer than that of AG1295.No significant histologic or retinal functional damage was found in both drug-treated groups. CONCLUSION: PDGF αand βreceptor specific inhibitor AG1296 and AG1295 attenuated PVR without significant side effects in rabbits, and AG1296 was better than AG1295. The much longer and stronger therapeutic effect from PDGFαreceptor inhibitor indicated that PDGF α receptor is more important in the development of PVR, and inhibition of this pathway could be a useful treatment alternative to prevent PVR.

Academic connotation of"pathogenic factors"in Huang Di Nei Jing / 中华中医药杂志

The academic connotation of "pathogenic factors" is discussed in this article from three aspects of etiology,diagnosis and treatment.It is considered that endogenous or exogenous pathogenic factors oppose to and destruct healthy energy.TCM pathogenic factors,obtained from "examining syndromes for causes of diseases",are diverged from physical,chemical and biological those in modern medicine.What is meant by "therapy of expelling pathogenic factors" is not a single method of dispelling toxin and killing germs,but the resort of regulating the integrated abilities of the human body fighting against pathogenic factors.

Analysis of the characteristics of juvenile primary Sj(?)gren's syndrome with renal damage / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective To study the renal damage of patients with juvenile primary Sjgren's syndrome (pSS)and its clinical manifestations,pathologic characteristics with biopsy,treatment and prognosis.Methods Ten patients with juvenile pSS complicated with renal impairments were retrospectively analyzed.Data of these 10 patients were compared with those without renal impairments.Results Ten patients complicated with renal impairments in 24 patients with juvenile pSS,9 of them presented with type I renal tubular acidosis(RTA), 5 with hypokalemia paralysis,3 with calcification of the renal tissue,3 with positive urine protein.1 with dia- betes insipidus.There was no significant difference between patients with renal impairments and those without. Three patients underwent kidney biopsy that showed chronic interstitial nephritis(CIN)with extensive lymp- hoplasmie cell infiltration.Two patients had glomerular lesions and one of them was diagnosed as pSS over- laped with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Steroid and immunosuppressive agents had significantly alle- viated symptoms and the hypergammaglobulinemia was significantly improved.Conclusion Renal impairment may be the major complication in juvenile pSS.The major clinical manifestations are RTA and the glomeruli are involved occasionally.Treatment with steroid anti immunnsuppressive agents should be given to those who have evidence of systemic involvement.

A rapid Screening Procedure for Identification of Succinate Producing Anaerobic Strains / 微生物学通报

In order to obtain an efficient screening procedure for identification of succinate producing anaerobic strains,a semi-quantitative paper chromatography method was developed. Lactic acid and acetic acid were identified as the main byproducts in the process of succinate production by the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Succinic acid was completely separated from the byproducts of lactic acid and acetic acid in the same broth developed by paper chromatography.The content of succinic acid was calculated by a semi-quantitative method.The results showed that paper chromatography was a simple and cost effective method that could be utilized to screen anaerobic strains producing succinic acid.