Effect of Coxsackievirus A16 on primary gerbil muscle cells and its mechanism / 预防医学

Objective To explore the killing mechanism induced by Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) in primary muscle cells of gerbils, and to lay the foundations for elucidation the pathogenesis of CV-A16 and the further application of gerbil model. Methods The primary muscle cell model was established by digestion of trypsase/collagenase double enzyme hydrolysis. Primary muscle cells were infected by different dose of CV-A16 and the cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assays. Chromatin condensation and break were measured by Hoechst 33258 staining. The early and last stage of apoptosis cells were measured by AnnexinV/PI double staining. Expression changes of Caspase-3, Caspase-8, JNK and NF-κB pathway proteins were detected by Western Blot. Results The cell viability were 88.95％ and 64.05％ at groups of different multiplicity of infection (MOI=0.50 and 1.00), which was significantly different from those of the negative control group. The cell viability and multiplicity of infection were negative correlation (rs=-0.857, P=0.014) . The apoptosis rates were 7.2％, 21.8％ and 50.7％ at MOI=0.01,0.10 and 1.00 groups, respectively. The apoptosis rate and MOI were positive correlation (rs=1.000, P<0.001) . When the primary cells were infected by CV-A16, cleavage of Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 were detected. Western Blot assays showed that the expression of NF-κB pathway proteins IκBα, p65 and p-p65 were reduced, which was different in enterovirus 71-infected cells. The JNK kinase was actived. Conclusion CV-A16 could induce apoptosis in primary muscle cells from gerbils.

A study on the oxidative stress induced by ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2 .5)and water-soluble fraction on HBE cells / 预防医学

Objective Toinvestigatethecytotoxicityandoxidativestressofambientfineparticulatematter(PM2.5)and water-solublefractionofPM2.5onhumanbronchialepithelialcells(HBE).Methods PM2.5sampleswerecollected in the urban area of Hangzhou.Then the water-soluble fraction was extracted from PM2.5.After HBE cells were exposed to PM2.5 and its water-soluble fraction at the doses of 0,100,250,500,1 000,1 500 and 2 000 μg/mL for 24 h, CCK-8 (cell counting kit-8 )assay was conducted to examine the cytotoxicity of the PM2.5 and its water-soluble fraction.The oxidative damage induced by PM2.5 and its water-soluble fraction on HBE cells was then evaluated with lipid peroxidation,the superoxide dismutase (SOD ) activity,and the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH -Px ). Results ThePM2.5anditswater-solublefractionreducedtheviabilityofHBEcellsinadose-dependentmanner. When the PM concentrations were 200,400 and 800 μg/mL,the SOD activity of the HBE cells decreased significantly,as compared with the control group (P<0.05 ).Also,the malondialdehyde (MDA)levels of the HBE cells significantly increased at the doses of 200,400 and 800 μg/mL (P<0.05).However,there were no significant differences of GSH-Pxactivityamongthegroups.Conclusion ThePM2.5anditswater-solublefractioncouldinducecytotoxicand oxidative damage effects on the HBE cells.

A dynamic research on the content of intrinsic formaldehyde in 7 species of sea-food in Zhejiang Province / 预防医学

Objective Toinvestigatethecontentofintrinsicformaldehydeinsea-food,soastoprovideascientificbasis forestablishingthecriteriaforformaldehyderesidueinsea-foods.Methods Atotalof266samplesofvarioussea-foods were collected from 3 representative coastal regions in Zhejiang Province.The content of intrinsic formaldehyde was examined at pre-determined gradients based on different storage temperature and time.A total of 825 test results were collected.All samples were carefully protected against contamination of exogenous formaldehyde in the process from collectiontoexamination.Results Theconcentrationofformaldehyderangedbetween10.40and223.80,0.08and3.50, 0.08 and 1 4.20,0.08 and 2.89,0.25 and 1 1.02,0.1 2 and 2.61 ,0.08 and 2.37 mg/kg for Bombay duck,yellow croaker,squid,hairtail,inkfish,octopus,and shrimp respectively.The intrinsic formaldehyde content varied between different sea -foods,and also between different individuals of a same species.Meanwhile,storage time significantly influencedintrinsicformaldehydecontentofsea-foods.Conclusion Sea-foodscontainedcertainamountofintrinsic formaldehyde.The national standard which requires zero content of formaldehyde in marine products needs further discussion.

Application of free flap pedicled with supracarpal cutaneous branch of ulnar artery in repairing of finger replantation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate clinical application and clinical outcomes of free flap pedicled with supracarpal cutaneous branch of ulnar artery in repairing of finger replantation with skin defect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From April 2007 to March 2013,25 patients affected by finger amputation with skin defect were replanted and repaired by free flap pedicled with supracarpal cutaneous branch of ulnar artery. Among them, 18 patients were male and 7 were female,with an average age of 31.5 years old (ranged 16 to 58). The time of trauma to admission ranged from 45 to 210 min (averaged 105). Fifteen patients were complete separted, and 10 patients were non-complete separated. The area of flaps ranged from 3.5 cm x 2.0 cm to 4.5 cm x 3.0 cm, and the vessels were anastomosed through end-to-end. The functional evaluation standard of finger replantation was used to evaluate the postoperative function.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-four cases were finally survived. Two flaps occurred vascular crisisin within 48 h after operation, one of which was survived after anti-vasospasm treatment and changing dressing,another was replanted finger for failed to survive. One had infection and healed after changing dressing. Twenty-four cases were followed up from 3 to 38 months with an average of 16.5 months. The appearance and texture of flaps were satisfactory, and the superficial senses of pain and touch were recovered,and two-point discrimination was 5.5 to 11 mm (averaged 7.4 mm). According to functional evaluation standard finger replantationissued by Hand Surgery Association of Chinese Medical Association, 8 cases got excellent results, 14 good and 2 poor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The free flap pedicled with supracarpal cutaneous branch of ulnar artery can be used in complex finger replantation with skin and vessels defect, which can extend operation indications, recover function and appearance for maximum.</p>

Clinical application of reverse radial hypothenar flap for finger soft tissue defect / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapeutic effect of reverse radial hypothenar flap for finger soft tissue defect.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From Mar. 2006 to Mar. 2010, 13 cases (14 fingers) with finger soft tissue defects were treated with reverse radial hypothenar flaps pedicled with ulnar palmar digital artery of little finger. The defects were 1.9 cm x 1.5 cm -4.0 cm x 2.0 cm in size. The flap size ranged from 1.5 cm x 2.0 cm to 4.0 cm x 2.0 cm.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the flaps survived completely with primary healing both in donor and recipient area. 12 cases (13 fingers) were followed up for 1-3 years. The flaps color was similar to the unaffected fingers. Cicatricial contracture happened in one case due to contracture of palmar fascia. The two-point discrimination distance on flap was 3.2-5.3mm. The active and passive movement of finger joints was evaluated as excellent in 12 fingers, good in one finger. There was no complaint about the feeling at the donor site. Two months after operation, all patients could go back to work.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The reverse radial hypothenar flap is very suitable for finger soft tissue defect with less morbidity to donor site.</p>

A study of gene amplification and expression of cyclin D1 in hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate gene amplification of CCND1 and expression of cyclin D1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to explore the possible relationship between CCND1 gene status and carcinogenesis of HCC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Differential PCR, RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect gene amplification, mRNA and protein expression of cyclin D1 in 20 HCC cases respectively. The relationship between the gene amplification rate and the expression level of cyclin D1 and the histological grades of HCC was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CCND1 gene amplification was detected in 30% of the cases HCC. An overexpression of cyclin D1 mRNA and protein could be demonstrated in 45% and 70% cases respectively. The expression of cyclin D1 mRNA correlated with its gene amplification status (P < 0.05) and was responsible for the protein expression level (P < 0.05). There was a close relationship between the expression level of cyclin D1 protein and HCC histological grades (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CCND1 gene amplification is a common phenomenon in HCC and may be directly responsible for the cyclin D1 mRNA and protein overexpression. Cyclin D1 protein expression level is directly related to HCC histological grades. Therefore, CCND1 amplification and cyclin D1 overexpression may play an important role in development and differentiation of HCC.</p>