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@#【Objective】 To study the mechanisms and therapeutic effects of human olfactory mucosa-derived mesenchymal stem cells（OMSC）on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis（EAE）in mice.【Methods】Under local anesthesia by using nasal endoscopy，olfactory epithelia of healthy donors were obtained，digested and cultured up to the 5th passage. OMSC were identified，differentiated and stained. EAE models were induced in C57 female mice by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein（MOG35- 55）and pertussis toxin（PT）. Neurological function was documented daily. On day 16 after immunization（peak of incidence），the mice were divided randomly into two groups and treated with OMSC and PBS via tail vein injection respectively. On day 24 after immunization ，blood was collected from angular vein and levels of IL-10，IL-17，IFN-γ and IL-6 were determined by cytometric beads array（CBA）. The size of the spinal cord lesion in mice was observed and measured by using HE and LFB staining. Peripheral blood lymphocytes（PBL）of healthy donors were obtained and then co-cultured with OMSC. The proportions of CD4+ T cells secreting IFN- γ（Th1 cells）in lymphocyte group and co-culture group were compared after 2 days of cultivation. Adding IDO or COX pathway inhibitor to co- culture group and cultivating for 2 days，we observed and compared the proportions of Th1 cells in lymphocyte group，co-culture group and inhibitor treatment group respectively.【Results】OMSC exhibited certain mesenchymal stem cell-like characteristics with respect to expression of stem cell surface markers and multilineage differentiation potentials. After induced by MOG35- 55 and PT，EAE models showed different levels of neurological damage. Compared with those in PBS treatment group，in OMSC treatment group，the severity of neural dysfunction in mice was significantly reduced（P =0.002），the level of IFN-γ in serum was lower（P = 0.032），but no significant differences in the levels of IL-10，IL-17 and IL-6 were found between two groups. HE and LFB staining revealed that the inflammatory infiltration and demyelinating areas in OMSC treatment group were less than those in PBS treatment group. The proportion of Th1 cells was lower in co-culture group than that in lymphocyte group（P = 0.001），higher in IDO inhibitor group than that in co-culture group（P = 0.01），but no significant difference was found between IDO inhibitor group and lymphocyte group or between COX inhibitor group and co-culture group.【Conclusions】OMSC may regulate the proportion of Th1 lymphocytes through IDO pathway so as to inhibit the demyelinating injuries of EAE in mice. This study provides a new idea for the clinical treatment of multiple sclerosis.
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Objective To analyze changes and trends of the mortality and causes of death in the residents of Minhang District of Shanghai from 1996 to 2015.Methods Crude death rates (CDR) and age-standardized death rates (ADR) were calculated,respectively.Joinpoint regression was used to analyze the trends in the leading causes of death.Permutation test was used to find whether the joinpoints were statistically significant based on P value＜0.05.Results The elderly population in Minhang District accounted for 18.07％ of the total population in 2015,which increased by 73.89％ than it in 1996.The CDRs of all causes for resent 20 years gradually increased with the annual percentage change (APC) of 0.62％ (P＜0.05),but decreased significantly after standardization (APC =-3.73％,P＜0.05).In 2015,the top five causes of death were circulatory disease;neoplasms;respiratory disease;endocrine,nutritional and metabolic diseases;injury and poisoning in the total population,males and females registered in Minhang District.ADRs of circulatory disease,neoplasms,respiratory disease and injury and poisoning decreased to-3.16％,-1.86％,-8.03％ and -4.96 ％,respectively (P＜0.05).ADRs of endocrine,nutritional and metabolic diseases significantly increased during 1996 to 2001 (APC=16.58％,P＜0.05) and thereafter remained stable.Conclusions The issue of population aging in Minhang District is getting worse,and chronic non-communicable diseases and injury and poisoning can be identified as major public health concerns at present.
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Objective To evaluate the population health for disease prevention and control in Shanghai Minhang District of Shanghai the data of mortality from 1993 to 2015 and communicable diseases from 2002 to 2015.Methods We adopted descriptive epidemiological method to analyze the trends of average life expectancy (ALE),specific death rate and causes of death cis-position from 1993 to 2015,and the incident rates of communicable diseases,incidence trends in Minhang District from 2002 to 2015.Results Overall,the ALE of population in Minhang District increased 11.80 years from 1993 to 2015 (from 71.78 years in 1993 to 83.58 years in 2015),including the ALE of male population increased 14.03 years (from 67.43 years in 1993 to 81.37 years in 2015) and the ALE of female population elevated 9.67 years (from 76.22 years in 1993 to 85.89 years in 2015).In 2015,Crude death rate (CDR) was 755.35/105,which was 21.45％ higher than in 1993 and 2.71％ higher than in 2014,respectively.In the same year,standardized mortality rate (SMR) was 196.07/105,which was 54.17％ lower than in 1993 and 0.51％ lower than in 2014.The top five leading causes of death were circulatory system diseases,tumors,respiratory diseases,endocrine and metabolic diseases,and injury and poisoning,which contributed 91.33％ of the population death.From 2002 to 2015,a total of 23 kinds of notifiable infectious diseases were reported in Minhang District,including 62 845 cumulative cases and 152 cases died.The total reported incidence rate of communicable diseases sharply elevated by 291.98％ during 14 years (Z=10 943.83,P＜0.001),and it increased after standardized.The top five communicable diseases were hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD),scarlet fever,syphilis,tuberculosis and hepatitis B in 2015.Conclusions Over the years,Minhang District of Shanghai comprehensive implemented "health in all policies" by integrating the resources of all levels of regional healthcare institutions.The ALE of the residents was at a high level.The control and prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases and major communicable diseases will continue to be the priority of public health.
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Objective To analyze changes and trends of the mortality and causes of death in the residents of Minhang District of Shanghai from 1996 to 2015.Methods Crude death rates (CDR) and age-standardized death rates (ADR) were calculated,respectively.Joinpoint regression was used to analyze the trends in the leading causes of death.Permutation test was used to find whether the joinpoints were statistically significant based on P value＜0.05.Results The elderly population in Minhang District accounted for 18.07％ of the total population in 2015,which increased by 73.89％ than it in 1996.The CDRs of all causes for resent 20 years gradually increased with the annual percentage change (APC) of 0.62％ (P＜0.05),but decreased significantly after standardization (APC =-3.73％,P＜0.05).In 2015,the top five causes of death were circulatory disease;neoplasms;respiratory disease;endocrine,nutritional and metabolic diseases;injury and poisoning in the total population,males and females registered in Minhang District.ADRs of circulatory disease,neoplasms,respiratory disease and injury and poisoning decreased to-3.16％,-1.86％,-8.03％ and -4.96 ％,respectively (P＜0.05).ADRs of endocrine,nutritional and metabolic diseases significantly increased during 1996 to 2001 (APC=16.58％,P＜0.05) and thereafter remained stable.Conclusions The issue of population aging in Minhang District is getting worse,and chronic non-communicable diseases and injury and poisoning can be identified as major public health concerns at present.
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Objective To evaluate the population health for disease prevention and control in Shanghai Minhang District of Shanghai the data of mortality from 1993 to 2015 and communicable diseases from 2002 to 2015.Methods We adopted descriptive epidemiological method to analyze the trends of average life expectancy (ALE),specific death rate and causes of death cis-position from 1993 to 2015,and the incident rates of communicable diseases,incidence trends in Minhang District from 2002 to 2015.Results Overall,the ALE of population in Minhang District increased 11.80 years from 1993 to 2015 (from 71.78 years in 1993 to 83.58 years in 2015),including the ALE of male population increased 14.03 years (from 67.43 years in 1993 to 81.37 years in 2015) and the ALE of female population elevated 9.67 years (from 76.22 years in 1993 to 85.89 years in 2015).In 2015,Crude death rate (CDR) was 755.35/105,which was 21.45％ higher than in 1993 and 2.71％ higher than in 2014,respectively.In the same year,standardized mortality rate (SMR) was 196.07/105,which was 54.17％ lower than in 1993 and 0.51％ lower than in 2014.The top five leading causes of death were circulatory system diseases,tumors,respiratory diseases,endocrine and metabolic diseases,and injury and poisoning,which contributed 91.33％ of the population death.From 2002 to 2015,a total of 23 kinds of notifiable infectious diseases were reported in Minhang District,including 62 845 cumulative cases and 152 cases died.The total reported incidence rate of communicable diseases sharply elevated by 291.98％ during 14 years (Z=10 943.83,P＜0.001),and it increased after standardized.The top five communicable diseases were hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD),scarlet fever,syphilis,tuberculosis and hepatitis B in 2015.Conclusions Over the years,Minhang District of Shanghai comprehensive implemented "health in all policies" by integrating the resources of all levels of regional healthcare institutions.The ALE of the residents was at a high level.The control and prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases and major communicable diseases will continue to be the priority of public health.
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Objective To investigate the iodine nutrition level of the vulnerable population in the high risk region of iodine deficiency disorders for providing a scientific basis for the development of effective preventive measures in Qinghai province. Methods The non-iodized salt coverage rate ＞ 5％ of Delingha city, the coverage rate of iodized salt and the rate of qualified iodized salt ≤80％ of Jiuzhi, Wulan, Nangqian, Zaduo, Geermu,Yushu, Gande, Chengduo, and Dulan counties(cities), the median of urinary iodine ＜ 100 μg/L of Huangyuan county of 11 areas were chosen as monitoring area in 2009. Five townships(towns) were selected by their location of east, west, south, north and center in each county (city), and one school was selected in each township (town),and 60 household salt samples were collected in each school, and quantitatively determined by direct titration of iodine(GB/T 13025.7-1999). Three townships(towns) were selected in each county(city), and two schools were selected in each township(town). The content of urinary iodine of 40 children aged 8 - 10 and 20 women of childbearing age aged 18 - 40 was analyzed by As3+-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry (WS/T 107-2006). ResultsThree thousand two hundred and sixty-one edible salt samples were tested. The coverage rate of iodized salt was 79.88％.The iodized salt qualification rate was 95.16％. The qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 76.02％. The noniodized salt coverage rate was 20.12％. In Nangqian, Zaduo, Yushu and Geermu counties(cities), the non-iodized salt coverage rate was 88.89％, 45.05％, 43.00％ and 12.67％, respectively. The median of urine iodine of 2536 children aged 8 - 10 was 155.8 μg/L, with ≤50 μg/L about 13.6％ (346/2536), ＞ 100 μg/L about 67.5％(1711/2536), and it was 75.1, 94.6 μg/L in Nangqian and Zaduo counties, respectively. The median of urine iodine of 665 women of childbearing age was 129.7 μg/L, with ≤50 μg/L about 22.7％(151/665), ＞ 100 μg/L about 59.2％(394/665), and it was 21.0, 54.7, 72.7 μg/L in Zaduo, Nangqian and Chengduo counties, respectively.Conclusions Insufficient intake of iodine exits in children and women of childbearing age in high risk region of iodine deficiency disorders in Qinghai province, which should be corrected as soon as possible.
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Objective To master iodine nutritional status of people after universal salt iodization in Xining that reached the stage goal of elimination iodine deficiency disorders. Methods In the 7 counties investigated of Xining in 2009, 5 towns were randomly selected in each county, and one school was randomly selected in each town, 80 children aged 8 to 10 were randomly selected in each school, and goiter were examined, urinary iodine and salt iodine were tested. Thyroid gland goiter of children was detected by thyroid palpation, children's urinary iodine was tested by As( Ⅲ )-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry, and salt iodine was tested by direct titration. Results A total of 2919 children aged 8 to 10 were examined, 31 goiter was detected, goiter rate was 1.06%(31/2919).One thousand and seventy-eight urine samples were detected, urinary iodine median was 205.3 μg/L, that lower than 20 μg/L accounted for 1.9% (20/1078), lower than 50 μg/L accounted for 4.5%(48/1078). Two thousand and seventy-nine salt samples were detected, median of salt iodine was 32.80 mg/kg, the rate of non-iodized salt was 0.87%(18/2079), the coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.13%(2061/2079), the qualified rate of iodized salt was 98.64% (2033/2061), the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.79% (2033/2079). Conclusions Prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders has achieved remarkable results in Xining city, all indicators have reached the national standard to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders.
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Objective An analysis was conducted to investigate the iodine nutrition level of children aged 8 - 10 in low-coverage area of iodized salt of Yushu Qinghai province for providing a scientific basis for the development of effective preventive measures. Methods Yushu, Chengduo, Nangqian and Zaduo counties with higher non-iodized salt coverage rate in Yushu Qinghai province were chosen as survey counties in 2009. Three townships were selected in each county, and 2 primary schools were selected in each township and 40 urine samples of children aged 8-10 were collected randomly in each primary school. The content of urinary iodine was analyzed by As-Ce catalytic spectrophotometery. Results Median urinary iodine of children aged 8 - 10 in Nangqian and Zaduo was < 100 μg/L. The percentage of median urinary iodine < 50 μg/L in Yushu was over 20%. Median urinary iodine of children aged 10 in Zaduo was 81.5 μg/L, the percentage of median urinary iodine < 50 μg/L of children aged 9 and 10 was over 20%. The percentage of median urinary iodine < 50 μg/L in children aged 9 and 10 of Yushu was over 20%. Median urinary iodine of girls in Zaduo was 87.1 μg/L, the percentage of median urinary iodine < 50 μg/L of boys in Zaduo was over 20%. The percentage of median urinary iodine < 50 μg/L of girls in Yushu was over 20%. Conclusions The iodine nutrition level of children aged 8 - 10 in Nangqian, Zaduo and Yushu counties were very low due to the impact of non-iodized salt. We propose salt market in the region to strengthen management and improve the coverage and consumption rates of iodized salt to improve the level of iodine nutrition for effective prevention of iodine deficiency disorders.