Risk factors for preterm birth: a prospective cohort study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the incidence of preterm birth and risk factors for preterm birth.@*METHODS@#A prospective cohort study was performed for the pregnant women in early pregnancy and their spouses, who underwent prenatal examination for the first time in Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital from May 2014 to December 2016 and decided to be hospitalized for delivery. A questionnaire survey was performed to collect exposure information possibly related to preterm birth. The hospital's medical record system was used for information verification and to record the pregnancy outcome. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for preterm birth.@*RESULTS@#A total of 6 764 pregnant women with complete data were included, and the incidence rate of preterm birth was 17.09%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes, eating areca nut before pregnancy, a history of pregnancy complications, a history of hepatitis, no folate supplementation during pregnancy, medication during pregnancy, active smoking and passive smoking during pregnancy, drinking during pregnancy, unbalanced diet during pregnancy, high-intensity physical activity during pregnancy, and natural conception after treatment of infertility or assisted conception as the way of conception were risk factors for preterm birth (@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are many risk factors for preterm birth. Special attention should be paid to the life behaviors of pregnant women during pregnancy, and health education should be strengthened for pregnant women and their spouses to develop good living habits and reduce the incidence of preterm births.

Risk factors of congenital malformations and its impacts on adverse pregnancy outcomes: A prospective cohort study / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To explore risk factors of congenital malformations (CMs) and to evaluate its impacts on adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women who received the first antenatal care from March 2013 to February 2016 in the reproductive center, obstetrics clinics, infertility clinics and ultrasound department of Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital. Corresponding information from pregnant women and their spouses were collected. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to screen possible risk factors of CMs and evaluate the impacts of CMs on other APOs. Results The study showed that women had history of non-standard BMI, smoking, hepatitis, pregnancy-related complications, gestational diabetes mellitus, infertility and using assisted reproductive technology before pregnancy; had no folic acid taking, active and passive smoking, drinking, uneven diet, high intensity physical activity during pregnancy increased the risk of CMs in offspring. Furthermore, the history of spouse smoking and eating betel nut also increased the risk of CMs in offspring. CMs might increase the risk of preterm birth, very preterm birth, low birth weight, very low birth weight, and perinatal mortality. Conclusions There are many risk factors of CMs. Knowing these risk factors, and giving them optimal prevention strategies and effective intervention measures are important measures in preventing the occurrence of CMs and other APOs.

A Meta analysis of risk factors for asthma in Chinese children / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the main risk factors for asthma in Chinese children, and to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of asthma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The databases including CNKI, Wanfang Data, China Biology Medicine disc, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, Web of Science, and PubMed were searched for studies on risk factors for asthma in Chinese children published up to September 2017. Stata 12.0 was used for the Meta analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 24 case-control studies were included, with 5 309 cases in the case group and 6 404 cases in the control group. The Meta analysis showed that a family history of asthma (OR=5.246, 95%CI: 3.435-8.011), a family history of allergy (OR=4.627, 95%CI: 2.450-8.738), atopic constitution (OR=4.659, 95%CI: 2.511-8.644), allergic rhinitis (OR=11.510, 95%CI: 6.769-19.574), a history of eczema/dermatitis (OR=4.919, 95%CI: 3.514-6.886), a history of allergies (OR=4.732, 95%CI: 2.802-7.989), a history of food allergies (OR=5.890, 95%CI: 3.412-10.166), a history of drug allergies (OR=4.664, 95%CI: 2.637-8.252), mold contamination at home (OR=2.483, 95%CI: 1.671-3.690), flowers at home (OR=1.748, 95%CI: 1.383-2.209), a history of house decoration (OR=2.823, 95%CI: 2.206-3.935), and cesarean section (OR=1.894, 95%CI: 1.166-3.077) were risk factors for asthma in children, while breastfeeding was a protective factor against asthma (OR=0.508, 95%CI: 0.396-0.653).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The development of asthma in Chinese children is associated with a variety of factors, among which a family history of asthma, a family history of allergy, atopic constitution, a history of allergies, allergic comorbidities, cesarean section, and bad family environment can increase the risk of asthma in children, while breastfeeding can reduce the risk.</p>

Primary risk factors of hepatitis E virus infection:a meta-analysis / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the main risk factors of hepatitis E virus infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Literatures published in China and abroad about the risk factors on the transmission of HEV were searched. HEV, risk factors, epidemiology and case-control were used as keywords to retrieve papers in Chinese literature databases including CNKI, Wanfang and SinoMed databases. The same strategy was used to retrieve English papers in English literature database including EBSCO and PubMed databases, supplemented by literature tracing method. Time range was from January 1994 to December 2012. A total of 258 papers were collected. Stata 11.0 software was used to calculate combined odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence internals (CI).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 21 studies was included in this Meta-analysis, which contained 3566 cases and 14 724 controls. The results of univariate analysis including OR (95%CI) : Dining out: 2.13 (1.62-2.81), consumption of aquatic products: 2.21 (1.76-3.31), unboiled water: 2.04 (1.13-3.71), not washing hands before meals:1.72 (1.07-2.77), common health facilities: 2.53(1.73-3.70), touching animals:2.00 (1.58-2.52), consumption of contaminated food:1.56 (1.18-2.05), contacting with patients: 2.33 (1.92-2.83), drinking alcohol: 2.56 (1.42-4.63) and gender (male):1.64 (1.15-2.33). The results of multivariate analysis including OR (95%CI) : Dining out: 2.04 (1.68-2.48), consumption of aquatic products: 2.31(1.70-3.15), unboiled water: 1.43 (1.10-1.85), not washing hands before meals: 2.01 (1.46-2.77), common health facilities: 2.28 (1.48-3.51), consumption of contaminated food: 2.16 (2.06-2.26), touching animals: 2.17 (1.55-3.04), contacting with patients: 2.32 (1.68-3.21), drinking alcohol: 1.66 (1.31-2.10) and gender (male): 1.67 (1.46-1.92).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The independent risk factors of HEV infection were dining out, consumption of aquatic products, unboiled water, not washing hands before meals, common health facilities, touching animals, consumption of contaminated food, contacting with patients, drinking alcohol and gender (male).</p>

Meta-analysis of risk factors for childhood cerebral palsy during pregnancy / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate major risk factors for childhood cerebral palsy (CP) during pregnancy and to provide evidence for the prevention of CP.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using the search terms of "cerebral palsy", "pregnancy", "risk factor", and "case-control", a search was performed to collect case-control studies on the risk factors for childhood CP from 1998 to 2011. The obtained data were subjected to metaanalysis using fixed effects model and DersimonionLaird random effects model to quantitatively evaluate risk factors for childhood CP during pregnancy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eighteen studies involving 11050 cases and 15941 controls were collected. The results of the multivariate analysis for risk factors of childhood CP during pregnancy were as follows: maternal age (≥35 years) (OR = 4.172, 95%CI = 1.670-10.426, P < 0.05), multiple pregnancy (OR = 8.402, 95% CI = 2.386-29.584, P < 0.05), medicine use in early pregnancy (OR = 3.974, 95% CI = 2.217-7.123, P < 0.05), harmful environment (OR = 3.299, 95% CI = 1.058-10.289, P < 0.05), recurrent vaginal bleeding during pregnancy (OR = 4.736, 95% CI = 1.792-12.517, P < 0.05), pregnancy infectious diseases (OR = 1.238, 95%CI: 0.284-5.395, P > 0.05), pregnancy induced hypertension (OR = 4.096, 95%CI: 2.246-7.469, P < 0.05), meat intake (OR = 1.436, 95%CI:0.382-5.393, P > 0.05), father smoking (OR = 2.376, 95%CI: 0.801-7.049, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The major risk factors for childhood CP during pregnancy include advanced maternal age (≥35 years), multiple pregnancy, medicine use in early pregnancy, harmful environment, recurrent vaginal bleeding during pregnancy and pregnancy-induced hypertension.</p>

Application of confirmatory factor analysis in studying the achievements of index system in clinical sciences and technologies / 中华流行病学杂志

To explore the role of confirmatory factor analysis in checking the construct validity of index system in clinical sciences and technologies and to determine the weighting of each index.Data were collected based on the achievements regarding the index system of sciences,technologies and analyzed by softwares SPSS and AMOS.Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to assess the construct validity and to identify the weighting.The P values for testing the two-order confirmatory factor models were bigger than 0.05,indicating that the actual data were in agreement with theory in designing the index system.Statistics on the goodness fit index(GFI)such as GFI were bigger than 0.90,indicating that they were satisfactory.Weightings for each index were identified based on factor loading of confirmatory factor analysis,showing that they were highly correlated with that from the Delphi method.Confirmatory factor analysis appeared to be an appropriate method in analyzing the associations among the index variables,and could be widely used to assess the construct validity of index system and identifing the weightings.

Nested case-control study on the influence factors of perinatal stage transmission of hepatitis B virus / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the influence factors of perinatal stage transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention of perinatal stag transmission of HBV.@*METHODS@#A 1:1 matched nested case-control study was conducted, and 141 pair of pregnant women with HBsAg-positive and their newborns were enrolled. A questionnaire was performed and blood-related indicators were detected. The data were dealt with single factor analysis and conditional logistic regression analysis using SPSS 13.0 and SAS 8.1.@*RESULTS@#Single factor paired Chi-square test showed that education, first class family history, disfunction of liver, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, systematic treatment, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), fetal distress, and vaccinating hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) were the risk factors of perinatal stage transmission of HBV. Conditional logistic regression analysis indicated that first class family history, vaccinating HBIG, systematic treatment, and ICP were the risk factors of perinatal stage transmission of HBV.@*CONCLUSION@#For women with HB-sAg-positive, active treatment, the standard vaccination of HBIG, and preventing and controlling the incidence of ICP may reduce the incidence of perinatal stage transmission of HBV.

Prevalence and influence factors of hypertension among mechanic factory workers / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the status and influence factors of hypertension on mechanic factory workers and to provide reference for further hypertension prevention and control.@*METHODS@#A cross-sectional study on 1205 workers (exposed to different noise levels) in Hunan was carried out by using questionaire and measuring the blood pressure of the workers and the noise exposure level in the workplace. The prevalence and the influence factors of hypertension among mechanic factory workers were analysed.@*RESULTS@#The hypertension prevalence was 12.1%. Logistic regression analysis showed the body weight index (BMI), age, and history of hypertension in parents and accumulative noise dose levels influenced the hypertension prevalence.@*CONCLUSION@#Controlling the body weight, reducing alcohol consumption, decreasing the sound pressure level in workshops and advocating healthy diet may reduce the prevalence rate of hypertension among mechanic factory workers.

Epidemiological study on the occupational noise exposure and hypertension in mechanic factory workers / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relations of noise expose and hypertension in mechanic factory workers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross-sectional study on 1205 workers (exposed to different noise levels) in Hunan was carried out, using questionnaire, blood pressure of the workers and the exposure level to noise at workplace.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of hypertension was 12.1% in mechanic factory workers. There was an increasing tendency of hypertension rate along with the increase of accumulative noise doses (tendency chi-squared = 29.932, P < 0.01). Result by logistic regression analysis after adjusting age, history of hypertension in parents and body weight index showed that the risk of hypertension increased about 5% by 1 dB(A) of more noise exposure (OR = 1.047).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Noise exposure might serve as a risk factor of hypertension. Reducing the sound pressure level in workshops could work as an effective measure to control the incidence rate of hypertension in mechanic factory workers.</p>