Advances in stem cells treatment of androgenetic alopecia / 中国药科大学学报

@#Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most prominent type of progressive hair loss in humans.At present, medication is the main treatment for AGA, however, drug therapy has significant side-effects. Stem cells provide a new strategy for the treatment of AGA, because of their role in tissue repair and maintenance of microenvironmental homeostasis.This paper reviews the pathogenesis of AGA, discusses the defects of traditional drug therapy,and discusses the research progress of stem cells and stem cell derivatives in the treatment of AGA, in order to provide a comprehensive review of the prospects of stem cell therapy for AGA.

Effect of ventilation mode on pulmonary complications after thoracoscopic lung resection: A retrospective cohort study / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To evaluate the association between pressure-controlled ventilation-volume guaranteed (PCV-VG) mode and volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) mode on postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung resection. Methods     A retrospective cohort analysis of 329 patients undergoing elective thoracoscopic lung resection in West China Hospital of Sichuan University between September 2020 and March 2021 was conducted, including 213 females and 116 males, aged 53.6±11.3 years. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade wasⅠ-Ⅲ. The patients who received lung-protective ventilation strategy during anesthesia were divided into a PCV-VG group (n=165) and a VCV group (n=164) according to intraoperative ventilation mode. Primary outcome was the incidence of PPCs during hospitalization. Results     A total of 73 (22.2%) patients developed PPCs during hospitalization. The PPCs incidence of PCV-VG and VCV was 21.8% and 22.6%, respectively (RR=0.985, 95%CI 0.569-1.611, P=0.871). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that there was no statistical difference in the incidence of PPCs between PCV-VG and VCV mode during hospitalization (OR=0.846, 95%CI 0.487-1.470, P=0.553). Conclusion     Among patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung resection, intraoperative ventilation mode (PCV-VG or VCV) is not associated with the risk of PPCs during hospitalization.

Risk factors for pulmonary complications after thoracoscopic lung resection and the prediction value / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To identify the risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after thoracoscopic lung resection and evaluate the predictive value for the development of PPCs.Methods:The perioperative data of patients, aged≥18 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical statusⅠ-Ⅲ, were obtained through the electronic medical record system.The blood routine within 24 h after surgery was recorded, and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) was calculated.According to the development of PPCs, the patients were divided into non-PPCs group and PPCs group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the variables of which P values were less than 0.05 to identify the risk factors for PPCs, and the receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of risk factors. Results:A total of 699 patients were enrolled in this study, including 620 patients in non-PPCs group and 79 patients in PPCs group.The results of logistic regression analysis found that body mass index ≥25 kg/m 2, ASA physical status Ⅲ, lung segmental resection, resection of lobes or above, multi-port thoracoscopic surgery and increased postoperative SII were the risk factors for PPCs ( P<0.05 or 0.01). The AUC (95% confidence interval) of postoperative SII in predicting PPCs was 0.636 (0.599-0.671) ( P<0.05), the cut-off value of SII in predicting PPCs was set at 1 052.3, and the sensitivity and specificity were 68.4% and 57.3%, respectively. Conclusions:Body mass index ≥25 kg/m 2, ASA physical status Ⅲ, lung segmental resection, resection of lobes or above, multi-port thoracoscopic surgery and increased postoperative SII are the risk factors for PPCs.Postoperative SII can predict the occurrence of PPCs to a certain extent in the patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung resection.

Comparison of clinical effects of three criteria for postoperative pulmonary complications / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To compare the clinical effects of the three criteria for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs).Methods:The clinical data of patients underwent thoracoscopic lung resection between January 2021 and July 2021 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.PPCs were assessed using the Melbourne Group Scale (MGS), European Perioperative Clinical Outcome (EPCO) and Standardized Endpoints for Perioperative Medicine (StEP) criteria.The patients were divided into PPC group and non-PPC group according to the above criteria.The diagnostic rates of PPCs of the three criteria were recorded.Cohen′s weighted kappa coefficient was used to evaluate the agreement between the three criteria.Logistic regression method was used to analyze the association between PPCs diagnosed by different criteria and risk of adverse prognostic events developed.Results:A total of 397 patients who underwent thoracoscopic lung surgery were included in this study.The rate of PPCs diagnosed by MGS criterion was significantly lower than those by EPCO and StEP criteria ( P<0.001), and the rate of PPCs diagnosed by EPCO criterion was significantly higher than those by StEP criterion ( P<0.001). The diagnostic agreement between EPCO criterion and StEP criterion was good ( κ=0.624, P<0.001), while the diagnostic agreement between EPCO criterion, StEP criterion and MGS criterion was poor ( κ=0.101, P<0.001; κ=0.210, P<0.001). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that PPCs diagnosed by EPCO and StEP criteria increased the risk of adverse prognostic events developed ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The EPCO and StEP criteria are superior to MGS criterion with regard to the diagnostic and prognostic value for pulmonary complications following thoracoscopic lung resection, and the EPCO criterion had a higher sensitivity.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia complicated by aortic sinus aneurysm caused by a pathogenic mutation in the ACVRL1 gene: a family survey / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To investigate clinical and genetic characteristics of a family with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia complicated by aortic sinus aneurysm, and to analyze causative genes.Methods:Clinical data and peripheral blood samples were collected from the proband and her relatives, and genomic DNA was extracted. Causative genes were screened by whole-exome sequencing, and then verified by Sanger sequencing.Results:A heterozygous mutation c.137G>A was identified at position 137 in exon 3 of the ACVRL1 gene in the proband, her daughter, grandson and granddaughter, which led to the substitution of cysteine by tyrosine at amino acid position 46 (p.C46Y) . The mutation was not found in any of the other 5 family members without clinical symptoms.Conclusion:A causative mutation c.137G>A (p.C46Y) in the ACVRL1 gene was identified in the family with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2 complicated by aortic sinus aneurysm, which had not been previously reported in Asian populations.

Treatment of some genodermatoses / 中华皮肤科杂志

Genodermatoses are a relatively independent type of skin diseases, with early onset, complex clinical manifestations and multiple system involvement. Current treatments of genodermatoses are still limited with poor therapeutic effect, and the quality of life of patients is greatly affected. This review summarizes prospective treatment methods of some hereditary skin diseases and related research progress, including innovative application of traditional medicines, biologics and small-molecule targeted drugs, stem cell therapy and gene editing, aiming to provide more reference for clinicians.

Association between anesthesia regimen and postoperative infection in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A retrospective cohort study / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To evaluate the association between anesthesia regimen (volatile or intravenous anesthetics) and postoperative infection in adult cardiac patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods    The clinical data of 496 elective adults undergoing cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass from June 2019 to June 2020 in West China Hospital of Sichuan University were retrospectively analyzed, including 251 females and 245 males with an average age of 54.1±11.4 years. American Society of Anesthesiologists grade was Ⅰ-Ⅲ. There were 243 patients in a volatile group with sevoflurane or desflurane, and 253 patients in an intravenous anesthesia group with propofol. The primary outcome was the incidence of infection within 30 days after cardiac surgery, including pulmonary infection, surgical site infection, sepsis, and urinary tract infection. The secondary outcomes were duration of mechanical ventilation, incidence of reintubation, ICU stay, postoperative length of hospital stay and total hospitalization cost. Results     A total of 155 (31.3%) patients developed postoperative infection within 30 days, with an incidence of 32.9% in the volatile group and 29.6% in the intravenous anesthesia group. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of infection (RR=1.111, 95%CI 0.855 to 1.442, P=0.431) or the secondary outcomes (P>0.05) between the two groups. Conclusion     The anesthesia regimen (volatile or intravenous anesthetics) has no association with the risk of occurrence of postoperative infection in adult  patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Complete Box Fusion based on Ensemble Networks for rib fracture detection and localization / 解剖学报

Objective To propose a new rib fracture detection network Rib-Net to automatically and accurately detect and locate rib fracture and address the issue of missed diagnosis of rib fractures. Methods The public data set RibFrac Dataset was used to evaluate the performance of the Rib-Net, and the data set was divided into training set (420 cases), validation set (80 cases), and test set (160 cases). The Rib-Net was composed of the object detection integrated network Ensemble Detection Net (ED-Ne), Complete Box Fusion (CBF) module and the segmentation network 3D Unet. Firstly, Retina Unet, UFRCNN+ and Mask RCNN were integrated to form ED-Net to predict rib fracture candidate boxes. Secondly, a new CBF module was designed to fuse overlapping fracture candidate boxes to generate candidate boxes with accurate positioning and accurate confidence. Finally, Unet was used for rib fracture segmentation to achieve further precise localization of rib fractures. Results On the “MICCAI 2020 RibFrac Challenge: Rib Fracture Detection and Classification challenge”, our proposed Rib-Net’s detection results reached the best performance, and its recall rate, free-response receiver operating characteristic curve(FROC) value and Dice were 92.3%, 0.859 and 0.61, respectively. Conclusion The Rib-Net network can efficiently and accurately detect and locate rib fractures on chest CT images, effectively assisting doctors in making accurate diagnosis.

Interplay between non-coding RNA and insulin signaling pathway and its clinical application / 中国药科大学学报

@#Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a type of RNA that has no or limited protein-coding ability. It mainly includes microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA).At present, research has found that ncRNA plays a central role in regulating the function of pancreatic β cells, and that defects of insulin signaling is an important cause of diabetes.This article reviews the relationship between ncRNA and insulin signaling pathway in recent years, and discusses the possibility of ncRNA as a potential therapeutic target and clinical diagnostic marker for diabetes, hoping to provide some reference for the treatment and diagnosis of diabetes.

Mechanisms underlying microRNA-125a-mediated inhibition of proliferation of HaCaT cells by targeting the interleukin 23 receptor signaling pathway: a preliminary study / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To explore the mechanism underlying microRNA (miR) -125a-mediated inhibition of proliferation of keratinocytes.Methods:After 24-hour pretreatment with interleukin (IL) -23, human HaCaT keratinocytes were divided into miR-125a group and miR-NC group transfected with a miR-125a overexpression plasmid and a control plasmid, respectively. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay was performed to evaluate the proliferative ability of HaCaT cells in the two groups at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after transfection, real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR to determine the mRNA expression of miR-125a and IL-23 receptors (IL-23R) in the two groups 24 hours after transfection, and Western blot analysis to determine the protein expression of IL-23R, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) , protein kinase B (AKT) and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) in the two groups 48 hours after transfection. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the targeting relationship between miR-125a and IL-23R. Comparison of means between two groups was carried out by using t test, and changes in the proliferative ability of HaCaT cells over time were evaluated by using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results:After plasmid transfection, the relative expression of miR-125a was significantly higher in the miR-125a group (6.377 ± 0.745) than in the miR-NC group (0.700 ± 0.222; t=7.305, P=0.002) . At 0, 24 and 48 hours after transfection, there was no significant difference in cellular proliferative ability between the miR-125a group and the miR-NC group ( t=0.663, 0.623 and 1.930, respectively, all P > 0.05) ; at 72 hours after transfection, the cellular proliferative ability was significantly lower in the miR-125a group than in the miR-NC group ( t=4.407, P < 0.05) . The IL-23R mRNA expression was significantly lower in the miR-125a group than in the miR-NC group ( t=3.082, P < 0.05) . Compared with the miR-NC group, the miR-125a group showed significantly decreased protein expression of IL-23R, JAK2 and p-AKT ( t=11.715, 6.996, 12.424, P < 0.001,=0.002, < 0.001, respectively) . Dual-luciferase reporter assay showed targeted binding of miR-125a to IL-23R. Conclusion:MiR-125a may inhibit the proliferation of keratinocytes by negatively regulating the IL-23R/JAK2/AKT signaling pathway.

Expression of microRNA-125a in psoriasis vulgaris lesions and its effect on the proliferation of HaCaT cells / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between microRNA-125a (miR-125a) expression and inflammatory cytokine levels in skin lesions of patients with psoriasis vulgaris, and to evaluate the effect of miR-125a on the proliferation of a human immortalized keratinocyte cell line HaCaT.Methods:Totally, lesional and adjacent non-lesional skin tissues were collected from 40 patients with psoriasis vulgaris in the Seventh People′s Hospital of Shenyang from 2017 to 2018, and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative reverse transcription PCR was performed to determine the expression of miR-125a in the skin tissues, as well as the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and IL-17 in the lesional skin tissues. HaCaT cells were divided into 4 groups to be transfected with a miR-125a overexpression plasmid (miR-125a overexpression group), an overexpression control plasmid (overexpression control group), a miR-125a interference plasmid (miR-125a interference group) and an interference control plasmid (interference control group), respectively. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay was performed to assess the proliferative ability of HaCaT cells in the groups at 0, 24, 48, 72 hours after transfection, and double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17 in the culture supernatant of HaCaT cells. Spearman rank correlation test was used for correlation analysis, and t test for the comparison of means between two groups. Results:The relative expression of miR-125a was significantly lower in the lesional skin tissues (expressed as 2 -ΔΔCt, 0.389 ± 0.354) than in the non-lesional skin tissues (1.106 ± 0.396, t = 7.717, P < 0.001) in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. The expression of miR-125a was negatively correlated with the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-17 in psoriatic lesions ( r = -0.447, -0.424, -0.436, all P < 0.01). Immediately and 24 hours after transfection with the plasmids, there was no significant difference in the cell proliferative ability between the miR-125a overexpression group and overexpression control group ( t = 0.282, 1.445, respectively, both P > 0.05), or between the miR-125a interference group and interference control group ( t = 0.120, 1.543, respectively, both P > 0.05). Forty-eight and 72 hours after the transfection, the cell proliferative ability was significantly lower in the miR-125a overexpression group than in the overexpression control group ( t = 3.222, 4.563, respectively, both P < 0.05), but significantly higher in the miR-125a interference group than in the interference control group ( t = 3.036, 3.269, respectively, both P < 0.05). In addition, the miR-125a overexpression group showed significantly decreased levels of TNF-α and IL-1β compared with the overexpression control group ( t = 4.318, 3.813, respectively, both P < 0.05) . Conclusions:MiR-125a is lowly expressed in skin lesions of patients with psoriasis vulgaris. MiR-125a can inhibit the proliferation of keratinocytes, and may play a protective role in the occurrence and development of psoriasis.

Inhibition of miR-802 on insulin secretion by targeting Hnf1B / 中国药科大学学报

@#To investigate the effect of miR-802 on insulin secretion by islet β cells and its mechanism, miR-802 was overexpressed or knocked down in primary islet cells and Min6 cells via transfecting miR-802 mimic and miR-802 inhibitor, respectively. The effect of miR-802 on insulin secretion was detected by ELISA. The target gene of miR-802 was confirmed by miRNA target gene database prediction, luciferase report and Western blot. The function recovery experiment was carried out to clarify the mechanism of miR-802 regulating β cell secretion of insulin. The results showed that overexpression of miR-802 in islet primary cells and Min6 cells inhibited insulin secretion. qPCR and Western blot showed that miR-802 inhibited insulin secretion by inhibiting the transcription and translation of the target gene, hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β(Hnf1B).

Protective effect of staphylococcal nuclease on 2, 4, 6-trinitro-benzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice / 中国药科大学学报

@#To explore the improving effect and mechanism of staphylococcal nuclease(SNase)-mediated degradation of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)on 2, 4, 6-trinitro-benzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)-induced colitis in mice. The model of colitis in female BALB/c mice was established by intrarectal injection of 2. 5% TNBS solution, and SNase loaded by Lactococcus lactis(L. lactis)were orally administrated for 6 days. To investigate the effect of SNase-mediated degradation of neutrophil extracellular traps on colitis in mice, the experiment was divided into control group, TNBS model group, NZ900 group and L. lactis pCYT: SNase group. The daily body weight, stool consistency and bleeding of mice were observed. The pathological condition of HE in colon group was detected. The activity of MPO and the mRNA expression level of inflammatory cytokines in each group were measured, and the concentration of inflammatory factors in serum was detected. The expression of NETs level marker citH3 in colon tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that SNase loaded by lactis acid bacteria could alleviate the weight loss, disease activity index score, colonic length and pathological damage induced by TNBS in mice, and reduce the levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum and colonic tissue, inhibit the activity of MPO and the expression of Ly6G and citH3 in colon tissue. The preliminary mechanism showed that SNase could down-regulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines and reduce the content of NETs markers to alleviate colitis in mice.

Relationship between circular RNA and type 2 diabetes and its clinical application / 中国药科大学学报

@#Circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel type of non-coding RNA with covalently closed loops which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes. In this paper, the relationship between circRNA and type 2 diabetes in terms of the regulation of pancreatic β-cell function by circRNA and the metabolic activity of heart, kidney and other organs is reviewed, and the possibility of circRNA as a clinical diagnostic marker for type 2 diabetes and its complications is emphasized, hoping to provide reference and clues for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Comparison of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with and without Wuhan exposure history in Zhejiang Province, China / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

BACKGROUND@#A novel coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first identified in Wuhan, China, has been rapidly spreading around the world. This study investigates the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Zhejiang Province who did or did not have a history of Wuhan exposure.@*METHODS@#We collected data from medical records of confirmed COVID-19 patients in Zhejiang Province from Jan. 17 to Feb. 7, 2020 and analyzed epidemiological, clinical, and treatment data of those with and without recorded recent exposure in Wuhan.@*RESULTS@#Patients in the control group were older than those in the exposure group ((48.19±16.13) years vs. (43.47±13.12) years, P<0.001), and more were over 65 years old (15.95% control vs. 5.60% exposure, P<0.001). The rate of clustered onset was also significantly higher in the control group than in the exposure group (31.39% vs. 18.66%, P<0.001). The symptom of a sore throat in patients in the exposure group was significantly higher than that in the control group (17.30% vs. 10.89%, P=0.01); however, headache in the exposure group was significantly lower than that in the control group (6.87% vs. 12.15%, P=0.015). More patients in the exposure group had a significantly lower level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) than those in the control group. There was no significant difference in any degree of COVID-19 including mild, severe, and critical between the two groups.@*CONCLUSIONS@#From the perspective of epidemiological and clinical characteristics, there was no significant difference between COVID-19 patients with and without Wuhan exposure history.

Interferon-α2b spray inhalation did not shorten virus shedding time of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized patients: a preliminary matched case-control study / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

BACKGROUND@#Currently, there are no drugs that have been proven to be effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Because of its broad antiviral activity, interferon (IFN) should be evaluated as a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially while COVID-19-specific therapies are still under development.@*METHODS@#Confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China, from January 19 to February 19, 2020 were enrolled in a retrospective study. The patients were separated into an IFN group and a control group according to whether they received initial IFN-α2b inhalation treatment after admission. Propensity-score matching was used to balance the confounding factors.@*RESULTS@#A total of 104 confirmed COVID-19 patients, 68 in the IFN group and 36 in the control group, were enrolled. Less hypertension (27.9% vs. 55.6%, P=0.006), dyspnea (8.8% vs. 25.0%, P=0.025), or diarrhea (4.4% vs. 19.4%, P=0.030) was observed in the IFN group. Lower levels of albumin and C-reactive protein and higher level of sodium were observed in the IFN group. Glucocorticoid dosage was lower in the IFN group (median, 40 vs. 80 mg/d, P=0.025). Compared to the control group, fewer patients in the IFN group were ventilated (13.2% vs. 33.3%, P=0.015) and admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) (16.2% vs. 44.4%, P=0.002). There were also fewer critical patients in the IFN group (7.4% vs. 25.0%, P=0.017) upon admission. Although complications during admission process were comparable between groups, the discharge rate (85.3% vs. 66.7%, P=0.027) was higher and the hospitalization time (16 vs. 21 d, P=0.015) was shorter in the IFN group. When other confounding factors were not considered, virus shedding time (10 vs. 13 d, P=0.014) was also shorter in the IFN group. However, when the influence of other factors was eliminated using propensity score matching, virus shedding time was not significantly shorter than that of the control group (12 vs. 15 d, P=0.206).@*CONCLUSIONS@#IFN-α2b spray inhalation did not shorten virus shedding time of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized patients.

In vitro growth characteristics of Cryptococcus gattii VGⅠ/ VGⅡ and their virulence diversity to Gal-leria mellonella / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To understand the in vitro growth characteristics of Cryptococcus gattii VGⅠ and VGⅡ isolated in China and the diversity in their virulence to Galleria mellonella. Methods Based on the results of multilocus sequence typing for eight strains of Cryptococcus gattii isolated in China, the strains were cultured in vitro to draw growth curves, observe the melanin production and measure the capsule thickness. The median lethal time (LT50 ) and median lethal dose (LC50 ) at 48 h of Cryptococcus gattii were calculated using Galleria mellonella infection test. Fourteen strains of Cryptococcus neoformans were studied for comparison. Results The eight Cryptococcus gattii strains were six VGⅠ and two VGⅡ. The growth curves of Cryptococcus gattii VGⅠ and VGⅡ were similar to that of Cryptococcus neoformans when culture at 30℃ . The total number for each of them could reach 108 CFU/ ml at 96 h under 30℃ . However, the total number at any time point at 37℃ was less than that at 30℃ . There was no significant difference in the amount of melanin produced by Cryptococcus neoformans under 30℃ and 37℃ , but both VGⅠand VGⅡtypes of Cryptococcus gattii could produce more amount of melanin under 37℃ than under 30℃ . The ratio of capsule/ cell wall diameter of Cryptococcus gattii VGⅠwas greater at 37℃ than that at 30℃ with statistical significance (P<0. 001). Cryptococcus neoformans showed the longest LT50 , followed by VGⅠand VGⅡtypes of Cryptococcus gattii. The LT50 of Cryptococcus gattii VGⅡ at the concentration of 1×106 CFU/ ml was 72 h, and its LC50 at 48 h was 1×108 CFU/ ml. Conclusions Like Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus gattii VGⅠ and VGⅡ grew faster under 30℃ than under 37℃ , but more melanin was produced and thicker capsule was formed under 37℃ than under 30℃ . Among Cryptococcus neoformans and VGⅠ and VGⅡtypes of Cryptococcus gattii, Cryptococcus gattii VGⅡ showed the shortest LT50 and the strongest virulence to Galleria mellonella.

In vitro growth characteristics of Cryptococcus gattii VGⅠ/VGⅡ and their virulence diversity to Galleria mellonella / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective@#To understand the in vitro growth characteristics of Cryptococcus gattii VGⅠ and VGⅡ isolated in China and the diversity in their virulence to Galleria mellonella.@*Methods@#Based on the results of multilocus sequence typing for eight strains of Cryptococcus gattii isolated in China, the strains were cultured in vitro to draw growth curves, observe the melanin production and measure the capsule thickness. The median lethal time (LT50) and median lethal dose (LC50) at 48 h of Cryptococcus gattii were calculated using Galleria mellonella infection test. Fourteen strains of Cryptococcus neoformans were studied for comparison.@*Results@#The eight Cryptococcus gattii strains were six VGⅠ and two VGⅡ. The growth curves of Cryptococcus gattii VGⅠ and VGⅡ were similar to that of Cryptococcus neoformans when culture at 30℃. The total number for each of them could reach 108 CFU/ml at 96 h under 30℃. However, the total number at any time point at 37℃ was less than that at 30℃. There was no significant difference in the amount of melanin produced by Cryptococcus neoformans under 30℃ and 37℃, but both VGⅠand VGⅡ types of Cryptococcus gattii could produce more amount of melanin under 37℃ than under 30℃. The ratio of capsule/cell wall diameter of Cryptococcus gattii VGⅠwas greater at 37℃ than that at 30℃ with statistical significance (P<0.001). Cryptococcus neoformans showed the longest LT50, followed by VGⅠand VGⅡ types of Cryptococcus gattii. The LT50 of Cryptococcus gattii VGⅡ at the concentration of 1×106 CFU/ml was 72 h, and its LC50 at 48 h was 1×108 CFU/ml.@*Conclusions@#Like Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus gattii VGⅠ and VGⅡ grew faster under 30℃ than under 37℃, but more melanin was produced and thicker capsule was formed under 37℃ than under 30℃. Among Cryptococcus neoformans and VGⅠ and VGⅡ types of Cryptococcus gattii, Cryptococcus gattii VGⅡ showed the shortest LT50 and the strongest virulence to Galleria mellonella.

Effect of microplate internal fixation combined with upper limb washing in the treatment of proximal phalanx fractures / 中国基层医药

Objective@#To investigate the effect of micro steel plate internal fixation combined with traditional Chinese medicine medicated bath in the treatment of proximal phalanx fractures.@*Methods@#From January 2012 to December 2012, 100 patients with proximal phalanx fracture in Ningbo Mingzhou Hospital were selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group, according to the digital table, with 50 cases in each group.The control group was treated by simple miniature steel plate internal fixation, the observation group was treated by microplate internal fixation combined with traditional Chinese medicine medicated bath.The clinical treatment effect was compared between the two groups.@*Results@#The hospitalization time and fracture healing time in the observation group were (8.35±1.62)d and (49.35±3.85)d, respectively, which were significantly shorter than those in the control group [(8.95±1.48)d, (57.82±6.12)d], the differences were statistically significant (t=5.032, 6.114, all P<0.05). The postoperative total active flexion degree and incidence rate of adverse reactions of the observation group (16.00%) was lower than that in control group (34.00%), the difference was statistically significant (χ2=18.485, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Microplate internal fixation combined with traditional Chinese medicine medicated bath in the treatment of proximal phalanx fractures has better treatment effect, and it has shorter treatment time and less complications.

Mechanism of lncRNA CTD-3252C9.4 on invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells in vitro / 中国药科大学学报

@#The aim of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)CTD-3252C9. 4 on migration and invasion of human pancreatic cancer cell Panc-1 in vitro and its mechanism. Panc-1 cells were stimulated by epidermal growth factor(EGF)in three-dimensional semi-solid system of cultured pancreatic cancer spheres. RT-qPCR was used to detected the transfection efficiency of lncRNA CTD-3252C9. 4. The effects of lncRNA CTD-3252C9. 4 and bone morphogenetix protein 7(BMP7)on the invasion and migration of Panc-1 cells were detected by scratch healing method and Transwell chamber method. The changes of target gene BMP7 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)related proteins were verified by Western blot. EGF could significantly inhibit the expression of lncRNA CTD-3252C9. 4 in Panc-1 cells. The lncRNA can affect cells invasion and migration by inhibiting the transcription of the oncogene BMP7, then inhibit the process of EMT of tumors.