Kiwi fruit essence reduces radiation-induced lung injury by down-regulating TNF-α and PDGF-B in rats / 细胞与分子免疫学杂志

Objective To observe the role of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) in kiwi fruit essence-mediated protection of radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) in rats. Methods 96 male healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal control group, model group, and kiwi fruit essence treatment group(60 and 240 mg/kg) by the random number table method, with 24 animals in each group. The whole lungs underwent 6 MV X-ray irradiation (18 Gy) to induce RILI animal models in rats of the latter three groups. On the next day after irradiation, rats in the latter two groups were intragastrically administrated with 60 or 240 mg/kg kiwi fruit essence, once a day. The rats in the normal control and model groups were treated with 9 g/L sodium chloride solution. Eight rats in the latter three groups were randomly sacrificed on days 14, 28, and 56, while normal control rats were sacrificed on day 56 as the overall control. Blood samples were collected and separated. Serum concentrations of TNF-α and PDGF-B were detected using ELISA. The lung tissues were isolated for HE and Masson staining to evaluate alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The hydroxyproline (HYP) content in lung tissues was detected. The mRNA and protein expression of pulmonary TNF-α and PDGF-B were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the model group, treatment with 60 and 240 mg/kg kiwi fruit essence group significantly reduced alveolitis on days 14 and 28 as well as PF lesions on days 28 and 56. Compared with the normal control group, HYP content in the lung tissue of the model group increased on day 28 and day 56, while TNF-α and PDGF-B levels in the serum and lung tissues increased at each time point. Compared with the model group during the same period, 60 and 240 mg/kg kiwi fruit essence element treatment group reported the diminished levels of serum and pulmonary TNF-α on day 14 and day 28. Consistently, the lung tissue HYP content and serum and pulmonary PDGF-B levels on day 28 and day 56 were reduced. In addition, the above indicators in the 240 mg/kg kiwi fruit essence treatment group were lower than those for the 60 mg/kg kiwi fruit essence treatment group. Conclusion Kiwi fruit essence can alleviate RILI in rats, which is related to the down-regulation of TNF-α expression at the early stage and decreased PDGF-B level at the middle and late stages.

Sinomenine ameliorates bleomycin A5-induced pulmonary fibrosis by blocking the miR-21/ADAMTS-1 signaling pathway in rats / 细胞与分子免疫学杂志

Objective To explore the impact of sinomenine on bleomycin A5-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in rats and the underlying mechanism. Methods MRC-5 cells were cultured and treated with sinomenine to determine its optimal concentration and time through the MTT assay. Subsequently, MRC-5 cells were incubated with 80 μmol/L sinomenine for 48 hours or transfected with miR-21 mimic/a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif (ADAMTS-1) siRNA prior to sinomenine treatment. The expression of miR-21, ADAMTS-1, collagen type 1 (Col1) and collagen type 3 (Col3) was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and/or Western blot analysis. Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into control group, sinomenine group and sinomenine combined with miR-21 agomir group, with 10 animals in each group. Bleomycin A5 were intratracheally administered to establish the PF model. Then, rats in control group, sinomenine group and sinomenine +miR-21 agomir group were treated with 9 g/L sodium chloride solution, sinomenine and sinomenine+miR-21 agomir, respectively. On day 28, all rats were sacrificed. HE and Masson staining was performed in pulmonary tissue. The expression of ADAMTS-1, Col1 and Col3 in pulmonary tissue were detected by qRT-PCR and/or Western blot analysis. ELISA was used to measure serum procollagen type 1 carboxyterminal propeptide (P1CP) and procollagen type 3 aminoterminal propeptide (P3NP) levels. Results Administration of sinomenine decreased miR-21 levels, up-regulated ADAMTS-1 expression, and promoted Col1 and Col3 degradation in MRC-5 cells. Importantly, interfering with the miR-21/ADAMTS-1 signaling pathway partially reversed the promotive effect of sinomenine on Col1 and Col3 degradation. Treatment of SD rats with sinomenine reduced alveolitis and PF scores, decreased serum P1CP and P3NP levels, up-regulated pulmonary ADAMTS-1 expression, and down-regulated Col1 and Col3 expression. However, these effects were reversed by miR-21 agomir. Conclusion Sinomenine promotes Col1 and Col3 degradation and inhibits PF in rats by miR-21/ADAMTS-1 pathway.

Sinomenine inhibits oxidative stress and pulmonary fibrosis by activating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To explore the protective effects of sinomenine (SIN) on oxidative stress and pulmonary fibrosis and its relationship with the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. METHODS: MRC-5 cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to establish the oxidative stress injury model, followed by administration with SIN. Cell viability was detected using the CCK-8 method. The biochemical kits were employed to measure malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities. The protein expression of Keap1 and Nrf2 was examined by western blot. Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into control group, bleomycin A5 (BLM) group and BLM + SIN group, with 10 animals in each group. Bleomycin A5 were intratracheally administered to the rats in BLM group and BLM+SIN group to establish the pulmonary fibrosis model. The rats in control group received the same volume of 9 g/L sodium chloride solution. The second day after model construction, the rats in BLM+SIN group were gavaged with SIN, while the rats in the other two groups were treated with 9 g/L sodium chloride solution. On day 28, all rats were sacrificed. Pulmonary tissue was isolated, and HE and Masson staining was performed to observe the pathological changes. The MDA content and SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities in pulmonary tissue were evaluated. Western blot was used to assay pulmonary tissues Keap1 and Nrf2 protein expression. RESULTS: When compared with H2O2 group, SIN treatment increased cell viability, decreased MDA content, elevated SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities, down-regulated Keap1 expression, and promoted nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in MRC-5 cells. In comparison with BLM group, administration of SIN decreased alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis pathological changes and scores as well as pulmonary tissue MDA content, enhanced pulmonary tissues SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities, down-regulated pulmonary tissues Keap1 expression, and raised Nrf2 levels in the nucleus. CONCLUSION: SIN alleviates oxidative stress and pulmonary fibrosis possibly by activating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Preventive and therapeutic effects of the Kiwi fruit essence (unsaturated fatty acid of actinidia chinesis planch seed oil) on radiation-induced lung injury rats / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To observe the effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) of radiation-induced lung injury rats by Kiwi fruit essence (unsaturated fatty acid of actinidia chinesis planch seed oil). METHODS: According to random number table, 90 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the control group, model group, 60 mg/kg unsaturated fatty acid of actinidia chinesis planch seed oil intervention group, 120 mg/kg unsaturated fatty acid of actinidia chinesis planch seed oil intervention group, 240 mg/kg unsaturated fatty acid of actinidia chinesis planch seed oil intervention group, 18 animals were included in each group. Except for the control group, rats in the remaining groups were constructed by 6MV-X-ray 18Gy full chest radiation, one week before modeling, the rats in the last 3 groups were given (60, 120, 240) mg/kg unsaturated fatty acid of actinidia chinesis planch seed oil. The first two groups were given 0.9% sodium chloride solution by gavage, once a day in each rat. 14 days, 28 days, and 56 days after radiation, the rats were randomly sacrificed and their chests were cut, and ave lung tissue was saved. HE and Masson staining were performed to observe the pathological changes, and the content of SOD, GSH-Px, MPO was determined. The expression of TGF-β1 was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, (60, 120, 240) mg/kg unsaturated fatty acid of actinidia chinesis planch seed oil significantly reduced the degree of lung alveolitis and radiation pulmonary fibrosis, reduced the content of hydroxyproline (HYP), MPO, increased the antioxidant enzymes SOD and GSH-Px content, down-regulated the expression of TGF-β1.There were significant differences in the above-mentioned indicators among the intervention groups of (60, 120, 240) mg/kg unsaturated fatty acid of actinidia chinesis planch seed oil group, and it was positively correlated with dosage. CONCLUSION: Unsaturated fatty acid of actinidia chinesis planch seed oil has a preventive effect on radiation-induced lung injury, and its mechanism may be related to the reduction of oxidative stress damage and down-regulation of TGF-β1 expression.

Relationship between gross motor development and perceived motor competence in children aged 7 to 8 years old / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between gross motor development and perceived motor competence among children aged 7-8 years old.@*Methods@#Random cluster sampling method was used to conduct a test among 162 students aged 7-8(78 boys,84 girls)by using Test of Gross Motor Development Ⅲ(TGMD-3) and 3 and Pictorial Scale of Perceived competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children(PSPC-P).@*Results@#There were no statistical significance of perceived motor competence in different genders,and ages among children(t=-0.82, -0.58, P>0.05). Gross motor development differed significantly in different age groups (t=-4.79, P<0.01). Eight-year-old group(63.10±5.70) scored higher than 7-year-old group(57.96±7.76).There exists clear association between gross motor scores and perceived motor competence (r=0.29, P＜0.01), as well as locomotor development and manipulative development with perceived motor competence (r=0.21, 0.24, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#There are close correlations between gross motor development and perceived motor competence among children aged 7 to 8 years. Manipulative development shows obvious influences on perceived motor competence. No gender differences are found in perceived motor competence.

Application of root angioplasty in crown lengthening surgery / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To analyze the application of root angioplasty in the crown lengthening surgery. Methods A total of 80 patients that corresponding to criteria from January 2013 to December 2015 in repair outpatients of our hospital were selected and received retrospec-tive study,and they were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group according to different surgical methods with 40 ca-ses in each group. The observation group was given root angioplasty and crown lengthening surgery,while the control group was only given crown lengthening surgery. Check-up was performed at 6 weeks postoperatively and 3 weeks after restoration,the condition of root surface cov-ered by the gum,the condition of gingival recession of the restoration and the subjective satisfaction of the patients were observed. Results The average coverage of the observation group was 91. 3%,which was significantly more than 55. 3% of the control group (P<0. 05). The a-mount of the gum covering of the observation group was (3.1 ±1.3)mm,which was significantly larger than (1.9 ±1.0)mm of the control group(P<0. 05). Conclusion Root angioplasty can guarantee blood supply,reduce the damage,but the indication range is small,and it is influenced by many factors,and needs to incorporate the ideas of all sides when used in clinic.

EGFR siRNA inhibits activation of astrocytes derived from rats through blockade of STAT3 phosphorylation / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the expression of epider-mal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) in cerebral tissues around hematomas after intracerebral hemorrhage, and explore the effects of EGFR on activation of astrocytes derived from rats and the involved mechanisms. Meth-ods The specimens of cerebral tissues around hemo-tomas after intracerebral hemorrhage undergoing hemo-tomas removal operation were collected and then divid-ed into 4 groups according to the time of intracerebral hemorrhage: 10 d groups. Each group included 20 cases. At the same time, 20 dropped brain tissues distant to hemorrhage in the operative process were collected as control group. Immunohistostaining and Western blot were used to measure the expression of EGFR. After isolation and culturing, the astrocytes of rat cortex were treated with culture solution ( control group) , CNTF that was used to activate astrocytes, scramble siRNA + CNTF and EGFR siRNA +CNTF for 24h, respectively. The ex-pression of glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP) mR-NA was detected through fluorescence real-time quanti-tative PCR. In addition, the protein levels of GFAP, signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 ( STAT3 ) and phosphorylated STAT3 ( p-STAT3 ) were examined using Western blot. Results With the ex-tension of intracerebral hemorrhage time, positive sig-nal index and protein expression levels of EGFR gradu-ally elevated, reached the peak on 6 ~10d, and then decreased after 10 d. There was statistical difference ( P0. 05 ) . Conclusions EGFR expression is upregulated in the cerebral tissues around hemotomas after intracerebral hemorrhage. Gene silence of EGFR contributes to suppressing the activation of astrocytes derived from rats, which may be involved in the block-ade of STAT3 phosphorylation.

Protective effect of IL-17 monoclonal antibody on rats with pulmonary fibrosis and its partial mechanisms / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the protective effects of in-terleukin-17 ( IL-17 ) monoclonal antibody ( mAb ) on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis rats and the re-lated mechanisms. Methods Seventy-five male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, sham operation group, model group, non-specific IgG group and IL-17 mAb group. Each group included fif-teen rats. Rats in the latter three groups were intratra-cheally administered with bleomycin A5 to establish pulmonary fibrosis model, whereas the ones in sham operation group were treated with the same volume of physiological saline. On day 7, 14 and 21, rats in non-specific IgG group and IL-17 mAb group were in-jected with non-specific IgG and IL-17 mAb, respec-tively,through the caudal vein. However,the ones in the other groups were administered with the same volume of physiological saline. All rats were sacrificed on day 28. Pulmonary tissues were then removed, and HE and Masson staining was performed. The contents of IL-17, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α) in pulmo-nary tissues were measured by enzyme linked immu-nosorbent assay ( ELISA ) . Western blot was used to analyze the pulmonary tissues protein expression of nu-clear factor-κB ( NF-κB) p65 in the nucleus as well as collagen type I ( Col Ⅰ) and collagen type III ( ColⅢ) in the whole cells. The levels of Col Ⅰ and ColⅢ in the pulmonary tissues were detected by fluores-cence real-time quantitative PCR. Serum was separa-ted, and the concentrations of procollagen type 1 carboxyterminal propeptide ( PICP ) and procollagen type III aminoterminal propeptide ( PIIINP ) in serum were then measured by ELISA. Results The severity of alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis was lower in IL-17 mAb group than that in model group and non-specific IgG group ( P 0. 05 ) . Similar results were also seen between sham operation group and normal control group ( P >0. 05 ) . Conclusion IL-17 mAb protects rats from pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting inflammatory response via downregulating NF-κB expression and decreasing collagen synthesis in the pulmonary tissues.

Inhibitory effects of resveratrol on human pulmonary fibroblast line MRC-5 growth / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the inhibitory effects of resveratrol (Res ) on human pulmonary fibroblast growth,and its related mechanisms.Methods Hu-man pulmonary fibroblasts MRC-5 were cultured in vitro as research object.These cells were inoculated with 20 μL dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)as well as 0, 12.5,25 50,100 and 200 μmol·L-1 Res for 24,48 and 72 h,respectively.Inhibitory rate of cellular pro-liferation was analyzed by MTT.In addition,these cells were treated with 20 μL DMSO (medium group) as well as 50 and 100 μmol·L-1 Res for 48 h,re-spectively.Subsequently,cell cycle and apoptotic rate were measured using flow cytometry.Apoptosis index (AI ) was detected through terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The mRNA and protein expression of cell cycle protein D1 (Cyclin D1 ) and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4)was detected through fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively. Western blot was used to measure the protein expres-sion of Bcl-2 and Bax.Results With the increase of Res concentrations and prolongation of treated time, inhibitory rate of cellular proliferation was gradually el-evated (P<0.01).After 48 h of co-culture,DNA ra-tio of S and G2/M periods,mRNA and protein levels of Cyclin D1 and CDK4,and Bcl-2 protein levels were significantly decreased while DNA ratio of G0/G1 peri-od,AI,apoptotic rate and Bax protein levels were sig-nificantly increased in 50 and 100 μmol · L-1 Res-treated groups as compared to medium group (P <0.01 ).Moreover,the effects 100 μmol · L-1 Res were better than those of 50 μmol · L-1 Res (P <0.01).Conclusion Res can suppress the prolifera-tion of MRC-5 cells,which may be associated with blockade of cell cycle progression and induction of cell apoptosis.

Biomechanical characteristics of placement methods of the thoracic pedicle screw system / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that placement, needling point, angle and length of pedicle screws for thoracic vertebral fractures have been unified. Many studies concerned axial pul-out force and biomechanical behavior of a single screw, but few reports addressed the biomechanical behavior after the replacement with three kinds of screw connecting to rods. OBJECTIVE:To further observe and compare biomechanical behavior after three kinds of thoracic screw placement connecting rod using biomechanical testing, to understand the strength of thoracic pedicle screw replacement connecting rods, and the effects of its puling out on the stress of the bone surrounding the placement site. METHODS:The fresh frozen specimens of thoracic vertebra were divided into three groups at random: the pedicle fixation group, the transverse process-vertebral body fixation group, and modified rib transverse process fixation group. Thoracic pedicle screw system was inserted by the standard placement method in each group. The experiment was measured on the mechanical equipment. During puling out, the strength that bone bore was described with dynamic curve, folowed by statistical analysis. The difference in the gripping force on the thoracic vertebra among three kinds of screw placement method was compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among three kinds of screw placement methods and among three kinds of screw placement methods on the injured vertebral body, the gripping force was significantly bigger in the pedicle fixation group than in the transverse process-vertebral body fixation group and modified rib transverse process fixation group (P < 0.01). No significant difference in the gripping force was detected between the transverse process-vertebral body fixation group and modified rib transverse process fixation group. Results verified that the stability of loading ability was apparently better in the pedicle fixation group compared with the transverse process-vertebral body fixation group and modified rib transverse process fixation group.

Protective effect of emodin on rats with pulmonary fibrosis and its partial mechanisms / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the influence of emodin on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats, and explore its protective mechanisms. Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, sham operation group, model group, low-dose inter-vention group, high-dose intervention group and pred-nisone group. Each group included 10 animals. Rats in the latter 4 groups were intratracheally administered with bleomycin to establish pulmonary fibrosis model. From the second day, rats in low-and high-dose inter-vention groups were intragastrically treated with 2 mL of 20 and 80 mg · kg-1 emodin, respectively. Predni-sone group were intragastrically administrated with 2 mL of 5 mg·kg-1 prednisone acetate. However, con-trol and model groups were treated with 2 mL of normal saline. All rats were sacrificed on day 28. Pulmonary tissues were then removed, and HE and Masson stai-ning were performed. The contents of hydroxyproline ( HYP ) , malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , superoxide dis-mutase ( SOD) , glutathione-peroxidase ( GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) in pulmonary tissues were measured. Serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α) , interleukin ( IL )-6 and IL-17 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) . The expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 ( Keap 1 ) , nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in pulmo-nary tissues was analyzed using Western blot. Results The pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in low-and high-dose intervention as well as prednisone groups was significantly improved when compared with model group ( P0. 05 ) . Conclusion Emodin may protect against rats with pulmonary fibrosis by enhan-cing antioxidative ability and inhibiting inflammatory response.

IF EXERCISE DOES NOT INCREASE BONE MINERAL DENSITY, WHAT DOES IT CHANGE? / 体力科学

Exercise has been proposed as one strategy for improving or maintaining the structural competence of bone. In contrast with previous densitometric analysis using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) which reported that areal bone mineral density (aBMD ; bone mineral content per projected area) increased with exercise, the studies using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) revealed that an improvement in the mechanical properties of adult bone in response to exercise is related to negative changes in volumetric BMD (vBMD ; bone mineral content in a unit volume). Therefore, if exercise does not increase vBMD, what does it change? The pQCT studies showed that periosteal area and cortical area were significantly greater in trained bone, together with an increase in cortical thickness. Furthermore, by assessing geometric bone adaptation to mechanical loading, cortical thickness and the mechanical properties of trained and sedentary bone were compared along 64 directions centering the center of gravity of the bone on cross-sectional pQCT images. The differences in these parameters for both groups depended on the direction of measurement, suggesting that site-specific adaptation of bone to exercise is related to the geographical relation of bone to muscle. Thus, the improvement in the mechanical properties of bone in response to long-term physical exercise is related to geometric adaptation and not vBMD.

Mycoflora in Natural Mineral Water Sources for Drinking / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To understand the pollution of fungi in natural mineral water sources for drinking. Methods Sampling was carried out in 73 natural mineral water sources supplying water for 69 manufactories of bottled mineral water for drinking. Results 982 strains of fungi were found in 45 water samples (61.64%) of the total 73 water samples. Fungi imperfect! revealed the highest detected rates. Phycomycetea, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes were all detected, but less frequently. Among 18 detected fungal genera, Aspergillus and Cladosporium were all the dominant genera, as well as Penicilliurn, Trichoderma and Fusarium were commonly detectable genera. No correlations were observed between the detected rates of fungus and total count of bacteria, total coliform, the concentrations of nitrite in source water. Conclusion The extragenous fungal contamination in the process of post-extraction might be the main factor resulting in the pollution of fungi in natural mineral water source.