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In recent years， transcatheter arterial chemoembolization （TACE） has emerged as a common treatment modality for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. However， with the ongoing development of embolic agent techniques， the new advances in microspheres and nanoparticles have brought new hope for improving the efficacy and safety of TACE. This article reviews the latest advances and applications of microspheres and nanoparticles in TACE for HCC. First， this article introduces the background of TACE as a therapeutic approach and the emergence of microsphere and nanoparticle techniques， and then it describes the application of various types of microspheres and nanoparticles in TACE and discusses the requisite attributes of an ideal embolic agents. The article focuses on the advances in material science and engineering， as well as the clinical efficacy of drug-eluting microspheres and nanoparticles versus conventional TACE. Furthermore， it discusses the importance of radiological examination in TACE and summarizes the research advances in the radiopaque and magnetic resonance-visible embolic agents. This article also explores the future development directions and challenges of TACE. It also points out the combination of microspheres and nanoparticles with other treatment modalities， the application of personalized and precision medicine in TACE， and the potential regimen of TACE in clinical translation， and meanwhile， it raises the issues of ethics and regulation that need to be further discussed. It is believed that microspheres and nanoparticles have a potential effect in TACE， which provides a theoretical basis and technical support for innovating HCC treatment regimens and improving the prognosis of patients through TACE interventions.
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Pancreatic tuberculosis is a chronic and specific disease of the pancreas, which is rare in clinic.Pancreatic tuberculosis accounts for less than 5% of general miliary tuberculosis.This disease is often secondary to tuberculosis in other parts of the body.Because of the lack of awareness of pancreatic tuberculosis, it is easy to be misdiagnosed as pancreatic cancer.In the past, there were reports of pancreatic tuberculosis misdiagnosed as pancreatic cancer and then underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy treatment.In clinical practice, most of the cases of pancreatic tuberculosis were confirmed by during operation or postoperative pathology.In recent years, with the increase of the incidence of tuberculosis, the reports of pancreatic tuberculosis have also increased.Therefore, the study reviewed the literature of pancreatic tuberculosis in recent years in order to improve the understanding of pancreatic tuberculosis by the medical workers.
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Pancreatic tuberculosis is a chronic and specific disease of the pancreas ,which is rare in clinic. Pancreatic tuberculosis accounts for less than 5% of general miliary tuberculosis.This disease is often secondary to tuberculosis in other parts of the body.Because of the lack of awareness of pancreatic tuberculosis ,it is easy to be misdiagnosed as pancreatic cancer.In the past,there were reports of pancreatic tuberculosis misdiagnosed as pancreatic cancer and then underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy treatment .In clinical practice,most of the cases of pancreatic tuberculosis were confirmed by during operation or postoperative pathology.In recent years,with the increase of the incidence of tuberculosis,the reports of pancreatic tuberculosis have also increased.Therefore,the study reviewed the literature of pancreatic tuberculosis in recent years in order to improve the understanding of pancreatic tuberculosis by the medical workers.
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Objective: To explore the effect of icariin on early steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rabbits. Methods: Fifty mature New Zealand rabbits (weighing, 2.5-3.0 kg) were randomly divided into control group ( n=10), model group ( n=20), and experimental group ( n=20). The rabbits of model and experimental groups were injected with lipopolysaccharide and methylprednisolone to establish the animal model of early steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The rabbits of experimental group were feeded with icariin solution once a day for 6 weeks since the first injection of methylprednisolone, whereas the rabbits of control and model groups were given normal saline at the same time points. The left femoral heads were removed after 6 weeks and gross morphological features were evaluated. Micro-CT scan was performed to analyze the trabecular microstructure with the following parameters: trabecular bone volume to total volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Tn), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). The Micro-CT scan was also converted to three-dimensional reconstruction images for observation. HE staining was applied to observe the trabecular structure and morphological changes of osteocytes and marrow adipocytes. It was also used to determine whether the samples of femoral heads occurred osteonecrosis based on the criteria for pathological diagnosis, and calculate the rate of empty lacunae. Results: Seven rabbits died during the study, and 9, 16, and 18 rabbits in the control, model, and experimental groups, respectively, enrolled the final analysis. Compared with control group, the femoral head collapse and trabecular breaks were more obvious, and the trabeculae were sparse with irregular arrangement in the model group according to the results of gross observation, Micro-CT scan, and three-dimensional reconstruction images. But in the experimental group, the surface of femoral head was slight shrinking without obvious collapse, and the degeneration of trabecular structure was mild. According to bone microstructures analysis, the Tb.N, Tb.Tn, and BV/TV of femoral head in model and experimental groups were lower than those in control group, while the Tb.Sp in the model and experimental groups were significantly higher. The Tb.N, Tb.Tn, and BV/TV of femoral head in experimental group were higher than those in model group, while the Tb.Sp in the experimental group was significantly lower. The differences between groups were all significant ( P<0.05). In the model group, HE staining showed that the number of osteocytes reduced, the number of empty lacunae increased, and the marrow adipocytes piled up in the space between femoral trabeculae, some even mashed together like a cyst. In the experimental group, the trabecular structure was still relatively complete compared with model group, no obvious apoptosis of osteocytes was observed, the size and number of adipocytes were basically normal. None of the animals in control group occurred osteonecrosis of the femoral head based on the criteria for pathological diagnosis, and the incidence of osteonecrosis were 81.3% (13/16) in the model group and 66.7% (12/18) in the experimental group, and the difference was not significant ( P=0.448). The rate of empty lacunae of osteonecrotic femoral heads in the model group was 33.1%±1.4%, which was higher than that in experimental group (18.9%±0.8%) and in control group (12.7%±1.5%), and the differences between groups were significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion: The icariin has a protective effect on the early steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rabbits, which can decrease osteocytes apoptosis, improve the bone microstructure, and delay such disease processes.
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Objective@#To explore the effects of Bmi1 on proliferation of mouse cranial suture mesenchymal cells.@*Methods@#Primary posterior frontal and sagittal suture derived cells were isolated from the 2-5 d old C57BL/6 suckling mice (n=6) of the same brood and cultured. Flow cytometry and multilineage differentiation assay were performed to identify the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) characteristics of the 2 kinds of cranial suture-derived cells. The mRNA expression of stem cell related genes, Bmi1, Twist1, Gli1 and Axin2 were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Then, the proliferation and downstream protein expression were analyzed after down-regulation of Bmi1 in the sagittal suture derived MSCs by transfecting Bmi1 siRNA. The t test was used to compare the mean between two groups. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.@*Results@#The mouse cranial suture derived cells were successfully cultured in vitro. These cells expressed typical MSCs markers, CD44, CD90, CD73, except for CD34. These cells had osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potency. RT-PCR results showed that the mRNA expressions of Bmi1 (0.006 30±0.000 58 vs 0.002 60±0.000 34, t=5.430, P=0.005 6), Twist1(0.000 31±0.000 04 vs 0.000 15±0.000 02, t=3.343, P=0.028 8), Axin2(0.000 33±0.000 03 vs 0.000 17±0.000 05, t=3.067, P=0.037 4) and Gli1 (0.001 10±0.000 13 vs 0.000 60±0.000 33, t=3.956, P=0.016 7) were significantly decreased in the posterior frontal suture MSCs compared with those in sagittal suture derived cells. Among them, Bmi1 has the largest decline. After down-regulation of Bmi1 in sagittal suture MSCs, the protein expression level of Ink4a was significantly up-regulated compared with the control group, and the cell proliferation ability was significantly decreased.@*Conclusions@#Inhibition of Bmi1 expression can up-regulate the expression of Ink4a protein and decrease the proliferation ability of suture MSCs, which may lead to craniosynostosis.
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Objective To explore the effect of exercise on vascular smooth muscle cell(VSMC) phenotype switching in hypertensive arteries and to figure out the regulatory mechanisms of mircroRNA (miR)-143/145 on Akt signaling during the process.Methods Three-month old(Wistar Kyoto rats) WKY and (spontaneously hypertensive rats) SHR were divided into 4 groups:WKY-C,SHR-C,WKY-E,and SHR-E,which were subjected to 8wk moderate treadmill training (E) or sedentary as control (C) with blood pressure being monitored.After the last bout of exercise,mesenteric arteries were isolated to determine VSMC phenotypic marker,miR143/145 expression and Akt phosphorylation.In transfection experiment in vitro,miR-145 mimic and miR-145 inhibitor were transfected into cultured VSMC,and given immunofluorescent staining using α-actin to detect the cell morphology.VSMC phenotype marker,Akt phosphorylation,and mRNA expressions of the insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ receptor (IGF-IR),Insulin receptor substrate 1 antibody(IRS-1),and p70S6K were determined.Results The blood pressure of SHR-E reduced significantly compared with that of SHR-C(P＜0.05),and the arterial thicknessof SHR-E decreased significantly (P＜0.05).The VSMC contractile marker calponin in SHR-E increased significantly when compared with SHR-C(P＜0.05),while the proliferative marker osteoppontin (OPN) in SHR-E reduced significantly than that in SHR-C(P＜0.05).The miR-145 of SHR-E was significantly enhanced(P＜0.05),while there was no significant difference in the miR-143.The Akt of SHR-E was activated more significantly than SHR-C(P＜0.05).The miR-145 overexpression by transfecting miR-145 mimic into VSMC increased α-actin significantly(P＜0.05),while miR-145 inhibitor made α-actin a decrease.Akt activation was significantly inhibited by miR-145 mimic and enhanced by miR-145 inhibitor(P＜0.05).The miR-145 significantly inhibited IRS-1 and IGF-1R mRNA(P＜ 0.05),but the targeting effects were not significant on p70S6K mRNA.Conclusions Exercise ameliorates the high blood pressure and remodels arterioles,which may rely on its regulatory role on VSMC switching from proliferative to contractile phenotype,and miR-145 is involved in this process.However,the Akt activation is not caused by the overexpression of miR-145,but through other means to promote the above VSMC switching.
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Objective To investigate the effect of X-ray assisted nasal catheter extractor on nose biliary oronasal conversion. Methods A total of 892 patients,receiving endoscopic nasal biliary drainage in Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University from January 2014 to December 2015, were randomly divided into experiment group and control group. X-ray assisted nasal catheter extractor was used in the experiment group,and guide wire was used in the control group. The mean extracting number and operation time, the total success rate, one-time success rate, response to stimulation and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results There were 457 cases in the experiment group. The mean extracting number was 1.08±0.32,the mean operation time was 1.07±0.29 min,the total success rate was 100.00%(457/457)and one-time success rate was 93.65%(428/457). The stimulation degree score was 1.27±0.50 with 348 cases of mild response,96 cases of moderate response and 13 cases of severe response. The rate of adverse reaction was 15.54%(71/457)with 50 cases of nausea, 18 cases of vomiting and 3 cases of mucosal bleeding. There were 435 cases in control group. The mean extracting number was 1.68±0.61,the mean operation time was 1.75±0.53 min, the total success rate was 75.63%(329/435)and one-time success rate was 38.16%(166/435). The stimulation degree score was 1.59 ±0.62 with 210 cases of mild response,194 cases of moderate response and 31 cases of severe response. The rate of adverse reaction was 35.86%(156/435)with 87 cases of nausea,36 cases of vomiting,27 cases of mucosal bleeding,and 6 cases of nasal duct prolapsed for vomiting. There were significant differences in the mean extracting number, mean operation time, stimulation degree score and the adverse reaction rate between the two groups(all P<0.001). The total success rate and one-time success rate in the experiment group were higher than those in the control group(all P<0.001).Conclusion X-ray assisted nasal catheter extractor can improve the success rate of operation,shorten the operation time,reduce the stimulation degree and the rate of adverse reactions in nose biliary oronasal conversion.
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BACKGROUND:Blood loss after total knee arthroplasty is a common problem that wil affect the clinical effects. As a kind of hemostatic medicine, tranexamic acid has been more and more used in reducing bleeding after joint replacement. However, there are few studies concerning the combined use of tranexamic acid with other hemostatic drugs. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intra-articular administration of cocktail wine (tranexamic acid plus diluted-epinephrine) on perioperative blood loss and transfusion in primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty. METHODS:From July 2013 to October 2015, 113 patients scheduled to undergo total knee arthroplasty were randomized into two groups. Cocktail wine group (57 patients) received intra-articular cocktail wine (3 g tranexamic acid plus 0.25 mg diluted-epinephrine;1:200 000). Tranexamic acid group (56 patients) received 3 g topical tranexamic acid alone. Al patients were not drain inserted after the operation. During perioperative period, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative dominant blood loss, occult blood loss and al ogeneic blood transfusion were observed. Within postoperative 90 days, the incidences of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The topical administration of cocktail wine significantly reduced total blood loss (P=0.007), hidden blood loss (P=0.000) and transfusion rate (0%vs. 5.4%), without increasing the risk of thromboembolic and hemodynamic complications (P>0.05). (2) Therefore, the hemostatic effect of topical tranexamic acid plus diluted-epinephrine was better than tranexamic acid alone. Their combination does not produce severe adverse reactions, and can be used as an important method to reduce blood loss after total knee arthroplasty.
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The clinical data of 7 patients who underwent the treatment of gradual and persistent balloon dilatation (GPBD) by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)for traumatic biliary stricture in Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University were analyzed retrospectively.Balloon catheters were successfully implanted in 5 cases by PTC,and with the help of ERCP in 2 PTC failed cases.There was no bleeding,acute pancreatitis and other complications.Two balloon catheters were damaged and displaced,respectively.All the biliary strictures were relieved.No biliary sludge was attached on the surface of the balloon and in the bile duct.Bile duct mucosa had congestion edema and cellulose attachment.There was no biliary stricture recurrence in the follow-up of 5 to 27 months.This study showed GPBD by PTC was a simple,safe and effective method for treating traumatic biliary strictures.
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Objective@#To establish the three-dimensional digital model of congenital thoracic deformity and the rib defect templates.@*Methods@#22 patients(admitted from Feb 2000 to Feb 2016) with thoracic deformity all received continuous volumetric scanning of chest with 64 slice spiral CT and 3D model reconstruction was performed .The digital data were processed by the Mimics 17.0 software and the entity thoracic model could be made by 3D printers with these processed data. Digital normal thorax model was also reversed by the mirror method.@*Results@#These digital data models of 22 cases with thoracic deformity were established and entity models were gained by 3D printers. Normal ribs templates were made for 11 cases(5 Poland syndrome cases, 5 funnel chest cases and 1 rib defect case).@*Conclusions@#Digital model of thoracic deformity can be established by Mimics 17.0 software with processed CT scan data. 3D printers can be used to gain the entity models, which play the important role in designing accurate and personalized thoracic contour for plastic surgery in the future.
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Objective To explore the effect of particulate matter (PM) 2.5 on the expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) protein in bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Methods Human BEAS-2B were subcultivated, followed by low, medium and high concentrations of PM2.5 (25μg/ml, 50μg/ml, 100μg/ml) stimulation for 24 hours. The expression of PEDF protein in supernatant was ana-lyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the expression in BEAS-2B cells was detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with the control group, the expression of PEDF protein in supernatant and BEAS-2B cells induced by PM2.5 (25 μg/ml) in-creased, but no significance was found (t=-0.730, t=-1.840, P>0.05), and the expression induced by PM2.5 with the concentrations of 50μg/ml and 100μg/ml significantly increased (t>5.798, P<0.05). Conclusion PM2.5 with the concentrations of 50μg/ml and 100μg/ml could increase the expression of PEDF protein in a concentration-dependent manner both in supernatant and BEAS-2B cells.
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BACKGROUND:Interstitial fluid flow around the osteocytes caused by a series of physiological activities plays an important role in the osteocyte metabolism and signal transduction. OBJECTIVE:To review and summarize the research progress of bone structures and physiological functions, then further il ustrate how the mechanical loads make an impact on bone tissue. METHODS:A computer-based search was conducted in PubMed database for articles related to the bone microstructure, metabolism and osteocyte signal transduction published from January 2009 to December 2015. The keywords were“osteocyte, mechanical load, permeability, lacunar-canalicular system, interstitial fluid flow, mechanotransduction, signaling pathways”in English. Data were screened firstly, dated articles or literatures with wrong research methods were excluded, and total y 40 eligible articles were enrol ed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bone tissue can quickly adapt to the change of mechanical environment to guarantee enough osteocytes in the functional bone area indicating that osteocytes regulate the bone absorption and formation by responding to stress, which is closely related to osteocyte physiological characters. Osteocytes exist in mineralized matrix, and the special microstructures make it possible to receive mechanical loads and transform the mechanical signals into chemical signals aimed at regulating the bone absorption or formation.So the interstitial fluid flow in the lacuna-canalicular system occures, namely load-induced fluid flow, when the mechanical load is distributed on the bone. This fluid flow affects the bone tissue through two mechanisms:regulating osteocyte metabolism and participating in the mechanotransduction. In conclusion, the mechanical load plays a vital role in maintaining health bone and regulating bone adaptation.
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Objective To establish a platinum resistance nude mice model of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and investigate its resistance to cisplatin (DDP) biological characteristics, so as to provide evidences for exploring chemoresistence mechanisms and screening for reversal targets in vivo micro-environment. Methods The resistance model was produced by repeating a crossover subcutaneous injection of human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells labelled green fluorescent protein(GFP) and transplatation of tumor fragment into nude mice. Two kinds of cancer cell lines of SKOV3/DDPⅠand SKOV3/DDPⅡwere induced with acquired resistence to DDP. The chemosensitivities of EOC cells to DDP were tested and half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50) was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and flow cytometry (FCS). Dynamic analysis among the concentration of DDP treatment and cell apoptosis, cell cycle phase distribution and intracellular DDP concentration. The expression of PTEN, STAT5, XIAP, BRCA1 and MDR1 were examined by real time quantitative reverser transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) in vivo. Results IC50 value of cisplatin for SKOV3/DDPⅡ were 2.83 ± 0.12 and 3.82 ± 0.19 folds than those for SKOV3/GFP by MTT and flow cytometry, separately. SKOV3/DDPⅠwere 2.20±0.16 and 3.40±0.20 folds. The apoptosis rate of SKOV3/DDPⅡ and SKOV3/DDPⅠ were decreased significantly at 29.7 and 39.6μmol/L DDP when treatment for 36 hours,which were lower than that of SKOV3/GFP cells [(57.0±1.4)%vs (37.6 ± 4.36)%vs (83.1 ± 2.71)%,P=0.024;(74.4 ± 2.3)%vs (50.5 ± 3.4)%vs (87.4 ± 4.0)%,P=0.001]. SKOV3/DDPⅠ and SKOV3/DDPⅡ was positively related with cisplatin processing time. Intracellular DDP accumulation of SKOV3/DDPⅡand SKOV3/DDPⅠwere lower than SKOV3-GFP in dynamic processes(P<0.05). Besides intracellular DDP accumulation of SKOV3/DDPⅡ also lower than SKOV3/DDPⅠin dynamic processes (P<0.05). Transplanted tumor of SKOV3/GFP appeared organelle degradation and nuclear membrane imcompleted after five times DDP injection with concentration of 4 mg/kg. SKOV3/DDPⅡand SKOV3/DDPⅠdid not generate these phenomenon untill eighth DDP injections with concentration of 4 mg/kg. STAT5 and BRCA1 of SKOV3/DDPⅡwere increased with DDP treatment at concentration of 4 mg/kg. Expression of XIAP from SKOV3/DDPⅡwas positive correlated with injection times. STAT5,XIAP and BRCA1 of SKOV3/DDPⅡwere up-regulated 3.86,28.1 and 14.6 folds than those in SKOV3/GFP cells after eighth DDP treatment, separately. While PTEN of SKOV3/DDP Ⅱ was decreased 3.77 folds. Conclusions We have successfully established platinum-resistent EOC mice model,which provides a new platform for further study on chemoresistant reversal and individualized clinical treatment. The results shown that potential mechanisms of SKOV3/DDPⅡDDP-resistance included over-expressed BRCA1 gene may be promote DNA damage repair, elevate XIAP gene to decrease cell apoptosis,up-regulated STAT5 gene and decrease PTEN gene to stimulate proliferation.
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Objective To investigate the changes to eotaxin,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in plasma from patients with chronic urticaria treated with the combination of polysaccharide nucleic acid fraction of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG-PSN) and cetirizine.Methods Totally,123 patients with chronic urticaria were enrolled into this study,and classified into two groups:the combination therapy group (n =60) treated with intramuscular BCG-PSN 2 ml every other day and oral cetirizine 10 mg once daily,and the monotherapy group (n =63) treated with oral cetirizine 10 mg once daily alone.The treatment lasted 54 days.Clinical efficacy was evaluated.Venous blood samples were collected from the patients before and after the treatment,as well as from 56 healthy controls.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to quantify the plasma levels of eotaxin,TNF-α and IFN-γ.Results At the end of the treatment,the total response rate was significantly higher in the combination therapy group than in the monotherapy group (88.3％ vs.63.4％,P ＜ 0.05).Before the treatment,no significant differences were observed in the plasma levels of eotaxin,TNF-α or IFN-γ between the two treatment groups,whereas the patients showed higher plasma levels of eotaxin and TNF-α but lower plasma level of IFN-γ compared with the healthy controls (all P ＜ 0.5).Both the combination therapy and monotherapy resulted in a statistical decrease in plasma eotaxin and TNF-α but an increase in plasma IFN-γ (all P ＞ 0.05),and the absolute values of changes in the three parameters were significantly higher in the combination therapy group than in the monotherapy group (eotaxin:(13.27 ± 4.11) μg/L vs.(8.12 ± 2.58) μg/L,t =8.3654,P ＜ 0.05; TNF-α:(12.38 ± 3.95) ng/L vs.(10.32 ± 3.41) ng/L,t =3.1005,P ＜ 0.05; IFN-γ:(17.06 ± 5.24) μg/L vs.(12.54 ± 4.07) μg/L,t =5.3573,P ＜ 0.05).Further more,the differences between the patients and healthy controls in the three parameters disappeared at the end of the treatment (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion BCG-PSN combined with cetirizine seems superior to cetirizine alone for the treatment of chronic urticaria.
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BACKGROUND:Potassium channel is the main ion channel to regulate vascular smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, and closely related with vascular tone. However, the reports about the mechanism of potassium channels in the body’s aging process are rare. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of aging on the arterial ultrastructure and smooth muscle potassium channel reaction, and then to explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS:Sixteen healthy male Wistar rats were col ected, 19-month-old rats were assigned to the old group (n=8), 2-month-old rats were used as young group (n=8). The thoracic arteries were isolated and cut into rings to conduct contractility measurement in six rats of each group. The thoracic arteries were stimulated with specific calcium-activated potassium channel blocker tetraethylammonium, specific voltage-dependent potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine, specific ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker glibenclamide, and specific inward rectifier potassium channel blocker BaCl 2 ultrastructure changes under electron microscope. , and then the arterial contractile response to the blockers were observed. The thoracic arteries of the remaining two rats in each group were taken to observe the arterial RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the young group, the ultrastructures of the thoracic aortic endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells were changed in the old group;KCI induced the maximum thoracic aortic contractile tension, and then recovered to the baseline tension, and the recovery time in the old group was significantly longer than that in the young group;al the four kinds of blockers could increase vascular tone, and the tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine induced thoracic aortic contractile response in the old group was significantly lower than that in the young group;there was no significant difference in vasoconstriction induced by glibenclamide and BaCl 2 . Aging can induce arterial ultrastructure changes and declination of vasodilatation capacity, which may partly due to the decreasing of the potassium channels function in smooth muscle cells, especial y the calcium-activated potassium channel and inward rectifier potassium channel.
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Objective:To investigate high sensitivity-C reactive protein (Hs-CRP) as a prognostic factor in non-Hodgkin lympho-ma (NHL). Methods:Data for 85 consecutive non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients were followed up and reviewed to determine the value of Hs-CRP relative to known prognostic parameters. Results:The progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) times of pa-tients with pre-therapeutic baseline serum Hs-CRP levels of≥4 mg/L were shorter than those of patients with basal serum Hs-CRP lev-els of0.05). However, the post-therapeutic, early-to-mid serum Hs-CRP level was not significantly correlated with the OS and PFS times (P>0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the pre-therapeutic baseline serum Hs-CRP level may be an important prognostic parameter for the relapse and survival of NHL patients (P<0.05). Conclusion:The baseline Hs-CRP level can be a major indicator of prognosis in NHL patients.
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Objective To investigate the value of percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) for diagnosis and treatment of biliary cast after liver transplantation. Methods Data of 11 patients with biliary cast after liver transplantation, who underwent PTCS from April 2008 to November 2010, were retrospectively analyzed. Results In 11 patients , one had biliary cast in common bile duct, 3 in right intra-hepatic bile duct, 4 in left intra-hepatic bile duct, and 3 distributed in intra- and extra-hepatic bile ducts. A total of 68 times of PTCS were performed in 11 patients, achieving significant decrease in levels of serum transaminase and bilirubin in 10. Occasional fever occurred in 1 patient after closure of drainage tube,which was managed by replacement with a thinner one. There were no severe complications such as biliary fistula or uncontrollable bleeding. Partial rupture of fistula occurred in 1 case. All patients were followed up for 10-30 months and were all in good condition except one patient died from other disease during the followup. Conclusion PTCS is a safe, effective and applicable method to treat the biliary cast after liver transplantation.
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Objective To explore the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) for evaluating the health-related quality of life of patients with chronic soft tissue pain, (CSTP). Methods Two hundred and ten CSTP patients were rated with the SF-36 and the Medical Outcomes Study Pain Measurement (MOSPM) instrument and retested 2 weeks later. The internal consistency, test-retest relia-bility and parallel validity of the SF-36 were analyzed. Results The SF-36 showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Most repeated reliability internal correlation coefficients were between 0.44 and O. 66 (P≤0.01) except that of the SF sub-scale of the SF-36, which was O. 336 (P≤0.05). All the internal consistency Cronbach's a coefficients were >0.70. In the assessment of validity, there was significant correlation among all eight sub-scales of the SF-36, and between items 4-11 and total MOSPM scores. The correlation coefficients were between -0.145 and 0. 635 (P≤0.05 or P≤0.01), except between GH of the SF-36 and item 4 of the M OSPM (pain in-fluence on walking) and between MH and item 10 (pain influence days). Conclusion The Chinese version of the SF-36 has good reliability and validity in assessing the health related quality of life of CSTP patients.
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OBJECTIVE:To detect the expressions of five gastric cancer cell metastasis associated genes induced by arsenic trioxide METHODS:The expressions of CD44,P53,nm23,H-ras,PCNA induced by arsenic trioxide were examined by immunohistochemistry method RESULTS:Arsenic trioxide induced the decrease of the expressions of CD44,P53,PCNA in gastric cancer cells;the expressions of nm23 and H-ras were not changed by As2 O 3 CONCLUSION:It is tentatively proved that the antineoplastic action of As2 O 3 may be related to the down-regulation of CD44,P53 and PCNA
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AIM: To study the effect and mechanism of arsenous oxide (As_2O_3) on pancreatic cancer PC_2 strain. METHODS: The pancreatic cancer PC_2 strain was chosen in this experiment. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL test. Expression of survivin gene was detected by reverse transcriptase PCR. RESULTS: ① After administration of As_2O_3, the survival number of pancreatic cancer cells decreased significantly in a time-dependent manner (P