Sleep quality among primary and middle school students in Shenzhen City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand sleep quarity among primary and middle school students in Shenzhen City, so as to provide data support for sleeping quality improvement.@*Methods@#A survey was conducted among 8 742 children selected from two 12 year schools in Longhua District of Shenzhen City, by purposive sampling method from December 22, 2020 to January 15, 2021. The general information was investigated with the self designed questionnaire, and sleep disturbance was investigated and evaluated with the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC). And Chi square test was applied for data analysis.@*Results@#About 47.61 % of primary and middle school students in Shenzhen City reported sleep disturbance, 10.84% of students had moderate to severe sleep disturbance. The overall rate of sleep disturbance and moderate and to severe sleep disturbance among primary school students (48.03%, 10.04%), junior middle schools (45.89%, 11.30%), senior middle schools (52.61%, 16.83%) were found of statistically significant differences ( χ 2=8.89, 27.05, P <0.05). The time to fall asleep for primary school students, junior school students and senior school students at night during the study period were 22:00-23:00 (90.35%), 22:00-23:00 (62.37%), and 23:00-01:00 (61.44%), respectively, and the time to fall asleep of the different stages students were found of statistically significant differences ( χ 2=1 470.17, P <0.01). About 41.04% of students could fall asleep within 15 minutes and 50.57% could fall asleep within 15 to 30 minutes, and the differences in the latency for different stages students to fall asleep at night were of statistical significance ( χ 2=82.92, P <0.01); 8.03% of primary and middle school students had a night sleep time of over 9 hours, and 45.97 % had a night sleep time of 8-9 hours, and the differences in the night sleep time among different stages students were of statistical significance ( χ 2=1 292.86, P <0.01).@*Conclusions@#The main sleep problems among primary and secondary school students in Shenzhen City are insufficient sleep and poor sleep quality. The relevant departments should emphasize the sleep health education among children and their parents, so as to improve their sleep quality.

Clinical characteristics of patients with rheumatic diseases and abnormal liver function / 中华内科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with rheumatic diseases and abnormal liver function, as well as determine the proportion and severity of liver function abnormalities.Methods:Cross-sectional study. Data were collected from patients registered in the Chinese Rheumatism Date Center from 2011 to 2021. The rheumatic diseases analyzed in this study were rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren syndrome (SS), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and gout. Patient data, including demographic characteristics [ such as age, sex, body mass index,(BMI), and smoking history], liver function test results [including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase(ALP), and total bilirubin], and use of anti-rheumatic immune drugs and liver-protective drugs, were collected and compared between groups with normal and abnormal liver functions. In addition, the proportions of abnormal liver function were compared between sex and age groups.Results:A total of 116 308 patients were included in this study, including 49 659 with RA, 17 597 with SLE, 9 039 with SS, 11 321 with AS, and 28 692 with gout. The lowest proportion of liver function abnormalities was observed in patients with RA[11.02% (5 470/49 659)], followed by those with SS[17.97% (1 624/9 039)] and AS [18.22% (2 063/11 321) ], whereas patients with SLE [21.14% (3 720/17 597) ] and gout [28.73% (8 242/28 692)] exhibited the highest proportion of these abnormalities. Elevated ALT, mostly classified as grade 1, was the most commonly noted liver function abnormality, whereas elevated ALP was the least common. Some patients who took liver-protective drugs had normal liver function, with the lowest percentage observed in patients with gout [7.45% (36/483) ] and ranging from 21.7% to 30.34% in patients with RA, SLE, SS, and AS. The proportion of liver function abnormalities was higher in males than in females for all disease types [RA: 13.8%(1 368/9 906) vs. 10.3%(4 102/39 753); SLE: 33.6% (479/1 424) vs. 20.0% (3 241/16 173); SS: 25.4%(111/437) vs. 17.6%(1 513/8 602); AS: 20.1%(1 629/8 119) vs. 13.6% (434/3 202); and gout: 29.3% (8 033/27 394) vs. 16.1% (209/1 298)]. In RA, SLE, and AS, the proportions of liver function abnormalities were similar across all age groups. In SS, the proportion of liver function abnormalities increased with age [<40 years: 14.9%(294/1 979); 40-59 years: 18.1%(858/4 741); ≥60 years: 20.4%(472/2 319)], whereas a reversal of this trend was observed in gout [<40 years: 34.9%(4 294/12 320); 40-59 years: 25.5%(2 905/11 398);≥60 years: 21.0%(1 042/4 971)].Conclusions:The proportions of combined liver function abnormalities in patients with rheumatologic diseases were high, and the utilization rates of liver-protective drugs were low. It is necessary to pay more attention to monitoring patients′ liver function, timely administer liver-protective drugs, and optimize liver-protective regimens during the treatment of rheumatic diseases.

Transcriptome analysis of Saposhnikovia divaricata and mining of bolting and flowering genes / 中草药·英文版

OBJECTIVE@#Early bolting of Saposhnikovia divaricata has seriously hindered its medicinal value and sustainable development of resources. The molecular mechanism of bolting and flowering of S. divaricata is still unclear and worth of research. In our study, we explored the transcriptome of the genes related to the bolting and flowering of S. divaricata.@*METHODS@#The transcriptome library was constructed, sequenced, assembled and annotated from the bolting and unbolting leaves of S. divaricata by high-throughput sequencing at the bud and flowering stage. Focus on the pathways related to bolting and flowering in plants, and exploring genes. The expression of seven candidate genes was verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR).@*RESULTS@#Transcriptome results showed that 249 889 422 high-quality clean reads were obtained. A total of 67 866 unigenes were assembled with an average length of 948.1 bp. Trinity de Novo assembly produced 67 866 unigenes with an average length of 948.1 bp. Among 993 differentially expressed genes, 484 genes were significantly up-regulated and 509 genes were down-regulated in the SdM group. A total of 79 GO terms were significantly enriched for differentially expressed genes. KEGG results showed that 11 154 unigenes were enriched in 89 pathways. And 21 candidate genes related to bolting and flowering of S. divaricata were excavated. The qRT-PCR results showed that expression trends of HDA9, PHYB, AP2, TIR1, Hsp90, CaM, and IAA7 were consistent with transcriptomic sequencing results. In addition, RNA-seq had identified 10 740 transcription factors and classified them into 58 families by their conserved domains. Further studies showed that the transcription factors regulating the flowering of S. divaricata were mainly distributed in the NAC, MYB_related, HB-other, ARF, and AP2 families.@*CONCLUSION@#Based on the results of this study, it was found that the plant hormone signal transduction pathway was one of the decisive factors to control bolting and flowering. Among them, auxin related genes IAA and TIR1 are the key genes in the bolting and flowering process of S. divaricata.

Enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis: A nationwide data from the Chinese Registry of Psoriatic Arthritis (CREPAR) / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#The clinical features of enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have been reported in some Western countries, but data in China are very limited. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of enthesitis in Chinese patients with PsA and compared them with those in other cohorts.@*METHODS@#Patients with PsA enrolled in the Chinese Registry of Psoriatic Arthritis (CREPAR) (December 2018 to June 2021) were included. Data including demographics, clinical characteristics, disease activity measures, and treatment were collected at enrollment. Enthesitis was assessed by the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC), Maastricht ankylosing spondylitis enthesitis score (MASES), and Leeds enthesitis index (LEI) indices. A multivariable logistic model was used to identify factors related to enthesitis. We also compared our results with those of other cohorts.@*RESULTS@#In total, 1074 PsA patients were included, 308 (28.7%) of whom had enthesitis. The average number of enthesitis was 3.3 ± 2.8 (range: 1.0-18.0). More than half of the patients (165, 53.6%) had one or two tender entheseal sites. Patients with enthesitis had an earlier age of onset for both psoriasis and arthritis, reported a higher proportion of PsA duration over 5 years, and had a higher percentage of axial involvement and greater disease activity. Multivariable logistic regression showed that axial involvement (odds ratio [OR] 2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59-3.08; P <0.001), psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04; P = 0.002), and disease activity score 28-C reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.01-1.55; P = 0.037) were associated with enthesitis. Compared with the results of other studies, Chinese patients with enthesitis had a younger age, lower body mass index (BMI), a higher rate of positive human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27, more frequent dactylitis, and a higher proportion of conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs' (csDMARDs) use.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Enthesitis is a common condition among Chinese patients with PsA. It is important to evaluate entheses in both peripheral and axial sites.

Recommendations of diagnosis and treatment of polyarteritis nodosa / 中华内科杂志

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare vasculitis that mainly involves small and medium arteries. It often occurs at the points where the vessels bifurcate, leading to microaneurysm formation, thrombosis, aneurysm rupture and bleeding, and infarction of organs.About a third of cases are associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.All tissues and organs of the body can be affected, with skin, joints and peripheral nerves being the most common.The pathological changes were fibrinoid necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration and luminal thrombosis in the acute stage, and fibrous hyperplasia in the chronic stage.Overall outcomes for the disease have improved in recent decades, mainly reflecting early diagnosis and more effective treatments.The main treatments for PAN are glucocorticoid and cyclophosphamide.Patients with HBV-associated PAN should receive antiviral therapy and plasma exchange.

Analysis of the 15-year survival rate and its prognostic factors in late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the 15-year survival rate, causes of death and prognostic factors of late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Methods:A total of 92 late-onset SLE patients aged >50 years hospitalized in the Rheumatology and Immunology Department of the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Autonomous Region from January 2006 to December 2016 were retrospectively collected.Clinical and serological data of the patients were analyzed and the diagnosis met the SLE classification criteria as revised by the American Society of Rheumatology in 1997.Survival rate, the cause of death, and the associated prognostic factors were analyzed.Outpatient or telephone follow-up was performed.Results:Of the 92 study patients, 8 were lost to follow-up(8 / 92, 8.7%)and 84 were able to follow up(84 / 92, 91.3%). Of the 84 able to follow up, 64 cases(64 / 84, 76.2%)survived, and 20 cases(20 / 84, 23.8%)died.Median survival time was 108 months.The 5-, 10-, and15-year survival rates were 86.0%, 77.9%and 59.6 %, respectively.Infection(55.0%)and multiple organ failure(15.0%)were the major cause of death in patients with late-onset SLE.Univariate analysis of the outcomes of patients with late-onset SLE showed that the age of onset( HR=1.113, P=0.001), hematology involvement( HR=3.610, P=0.023), and complicaed cardiovascular disease( HR=3.128, P=0.011)had a significant impact on the prognosis. Conclusions:The late-onset SLE has low survival rate and bad prognosis.Infection prevention and control of organ damage and focus on merging cardiovascular disease are critical to improve survival of late-onset SLE patients.

Efficay of different doses of remimazolam for anesthesia induction during reoperation in asthenic patients with tracheotomy / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficay of different doses of remimazolam for anesthesia induction during reoperation in asthenic patients with tracheotomy.Methods:One hundred and twenty patients of both sexes, aged 19-64 yr, with a modified frailty index score ≥3, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅳ, scheduled for reoperation after tracheotomy, were divided into 4 groups ( n=30 each)using a random number table method: propofol group (group C) and different doses of remimazolam groups (R 1, R 2 and R 3 groups). Anesthesia was induced with intravenous sufentanil 5 μg, propofol 1.5 mg/kg in group C and with remimazolam 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/kg in R 1, R 2 and R 3 groups, respectively.The tracheotomy cannula was replaced with a reinforced endotracheal intubation (ID=6.0 mm) when bispectral index value ≤ 65.Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded before induction (T 0), immediately before replacement of the tube (T 1) and immediately after replacement of the tube (T 2). The onset time of anesthesia and adverse reactions such as hypotension, bradycardia and bucking during replacement of the tube, and requirement for rescue sedation were recorded. Results:Compared with group C, mean arterial pressure was significantly increased at T 1, 2 in group R 1 and group R 2, the onset time of anesthesia was significantly prolonged, the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia was decreased in R 1, R 2 and R 3 groups, and the requirement for rescue sedation in group R 1 and incidence of bucking in group R 1 and group R 2 were increased ( P<0.05 or 0.01). Compared with group R 1, heart rate at T 2 was significantly decreased, the onset time of anesthesia was shortened, and the requirement for rescue sedation and incidence of bucking were decreased in C, R 2 and R 3 groups, and the incidence of hypotension was significantly increased in group R 3 ( P<0.05 or 0.01). Compared with group R 2, the onset time of anesthesia was significantly shortened in group R 3 ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Remimazolam 0.2 mg/kg provides good efficacy when used for anesthesia induction with fewer side effects during reoperation in asthenic patients with tracheotomy.

ZNF451 promotes DNA damage repair by recruiting 53BP1/MDC1 in A549 and HeLa cells / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the role of SUMO E3 ligase ZNF451 in DNA damage repair and explore the underlying mechanism in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells and cervical cancer HeLa cells.Methods:A549 cells and HeLa cells were irradiated with γ-ray irradiation or treated with etoposide. Cell proliferation viability was detected by the cell counting kit-8 assay. Protein expression was detected by Western blot assay. DNA damage repair level was detected by DR-GFP plasmid system, and the spatial positioning was detected by immunofluorescence.Results:Etoposide decreased the expression level of ZNF451 in a dose- and time- dependent manner. After treatment with 30, 50, 80 μmol/L etoposide, the cell viability were reduced after the knockdown of ZNF451 in A549 and HeLa cells(A549: t = 27.62, 25.61, 5.32, P<0.01; HeLa: t = 30.77, 21.28, 4.18, P<0.01). Furthermore, ZNF451 was recruited at DNA damage sites. A co-localization and endogenous interaction were found between ZNF451 and γ-H2AX after the treatment of irradiation or etoposide. Moreover, the expression level of γ-H2AX was significantly increased after treatment with 30, 50, 80 μmol/L etoposide(A549: t = 6.12, 10.67, 4.68, P<0.01; HeLa: t = 7.94, 9.81, 15.12, P<0.01)and the repair efficiency of NHEJ was reduced in ZNF451 knockdown cells( t = 18.60, P<0.05). Finally, the immunofluorescence assay showed that ZNF451 was co-localizated with 53BP1 and MDC1 after irradiation or etoposide treatment. Conclusions:Knockdown of ZNF451 inhibits cell proliferation and increases the level of DNA damage in A549 and HeLa cells. ZNF451 was recruited to DNA damage sites after DSBs and participated in NHEJ repair by co-localizing with DNA damage repair factor 53BP1/MDC1.

Clinical and ultrasonic remission of rheumatoid arthritis after being treated uith tocilizumab for three months / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective:To observe the changes of relevant clinical indicators and ultrasound pre-sentations in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients after being treated with tocilizumab for 3 months and explore the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in the treatment of RA.Methods:Clinical data, laboratory and ultrasound examinations and medications of RA patients who met inclusion criteria in our hospital from Jan-uary 2017 to September 2020 were included and their data were analyzed retrospectively, and the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab and the ultrasound assessment of disease remission were analyzed. Paired sample t test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, χ2 test or Fisher's exact probability test were used for comparative analysis. Results:① Compared with baseline data, morning stiffness duration of patients treated with tocilizumab for 3 months [60(30, 120) min vs 0(0, 10) min, Z=-6.19, P<0.001], disease activity score of 28 joints-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) [(4.6±1.5) vs (3.2±1.2), t=6.83, P<0.001], disease activity score of 28 joints-C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) [(4.2±1.4) vs (2.8±1.1), t=7.14, P<0.001], swollen joint count (SJC) [2(1, 7) vs 0(0, 2), Z=-4.31, P<0.001], tender joints count (TJC) [6(2, 13.5) vs 2(0,4), Z=-5.16, P<0.001], gray scale score (GS) [4.5(2, 6) vs 1(0, 3), Z=-5.86, P<0.001], intra-synovial blood flow energy Doppler (PD) [2(1, 3) vs 0(0, 0), Z=-5.38, P<0.001], white blood cell (WBC) [6.6(4.9, 8.4)×10 9/L vs 5.7(4.9, 7.3)×10 9/L, Z=-2.83, P=0.005], hemoglobin (Hb) [119(104, 131) g/L vs 123(113, 136) g/L, Z=-2.82, P=0.007], ESR [32(14.5, 50) mm/1 h vs 19 (10, 30) mm/1 h, Z=-3.31, P=0.001], CRP [11.40(3.02, 25.80) mg/L vs 3.49(1.30, 11.82) mg/L, Z=-2.78, P=0.004], D-dimer (D-D) [0.93(0.47, 2.07) mg/L vs 0.43(0.21, 0.80) mg/L, Z=-3.77, P<0.001] were significantly improved, and the difference was statistically significant. ② The serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2 [2.08(1.43, 2.76) pg/ml vs 1.21(0.54, 2.08) pg/ml, Z=-2.67, P=0.008], IL-6 [22.40(5.13, 67.27) pg/ml vs 14.63(5.27, 27.71) pg/ml, Z=-2.81, P=0.005], IL-10 [(2.53±0.68) pg/ml vs (1.74±0.74) pg/ml, t=2.60, P=0.017] were significantly changed, while serum levels of IL-4 [1.63(1.08, 3.38) pg/ml vs 1.33(0.97, 2.59) pg/ml, Z=-0.89, P=0.374], tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α [4.04(1.41, 10.45) pg/ml vs 1.62(0.84, 3.79) pg/ml, Z=-1.92, P=0.056], IL-17 [4.68(1.67, 6.72) pg/ml vs 3.15(1.81, 5.29) pg/ml, Z=-0.53, P=0.594] were not significantly changed from baseline data. ③ There was poor consistency between ultrasonic response and DAS28-ESR response, simplified disease activity Index (SDAI) response and clinical disease activity index (CDAI) response ( Kappa coefficient: 0.142, 0.142, 0.191), but no consistency between ultrasonic response and DAS28-CRP response (Kappa coefficient: -0.015) were found. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that ultrasound was not statistically significantly different in assessing the remission of RA, indicating subclinical synovitis remained in ultrasound examination even though clinically remission could be reached based on the above scoring indexes in RA patients. ④ In terms of adverse reactions, neutrophils (NEU) of patients after 3 months' tocilizumab treatment [4.47(2.77, 5.39)×10 9/L vs 3.76(2.98, 4.74)×10 9/L, Z=-2.77, P=0.006], platelet count (PLT) [(291±84)×10 9/L vs (254±70)×10 9/L, t=4.76, P<0.001] were significantly decreased, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) [(1.22±0.27) mmol/L vs (1.39±0.34) mmol/L, t=3.12, P=0.003], low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) [(1.96±0.66) mmol/L vs (2.19±0.84) mmol/L, t=3.15, P=0.003], triglyceride (TG) [0.85(0.68, 1.08) mmol/L vs 0.93(0.71, 1.25) mmol/L, Z=-2.36, P=0.018] and total cholesterol (TC) [(4.18±1.04) mmol/L vs (4.52±1.16) mmol/L, t=3.33, P=0.002] were significantly different from baseline. Among 65 patients, 5 patients (7.7%) had transaminase abnormality, but returned to normal after symptomatic treatment. Conclusion:Tocilizumab treatment can effectively suppress the inflammatory reactions, improve the clinical symptoms and prognosis of patients, however, patients who judged as clinical remission according to the current clinical commonly scores may still have subclinical active disease, ultrasound results should be included as one criteria for disease remission assessment and take into consideration when adjusting treatrnent.

Global research hotspots and trends of hepatitis B from 2016 to 2021 based on analysis using bibliometric methods / 中华传染病杂志

Objective:To analyze the hotspots and trends of global researches in the field of hepatitis B from 2016 to 2021.Methods:Based on the Web of Science Core Collection Database, the indexed "article" and "review" related to hepatitis B from January 1, 2016 to November 22, 2021 were collected. Using InCites and VOSviewer 1.6.8 to cluster the published features, highly cited papers, key research directions and subject headings.And combined with the specific content of the literature, a summary of research hotspots was formed and analyzed.Results:As of November 22, 2021, a total of 12 299 articles were retrieved. From 2016 to 2021, the numbers of global hepatitis B-related research publications were 2 045, 1 996, 2 039, 2 118, 2 186 and 1 915, respectively. China′s mainland published the most papers (4 422 pieces, 35.95%), with the average citation frequency of only 7.46, and the United States ranked second in terms of the number of papers published (1 949 pieces, 15.85%), with the average citation frequency of 13.78. The hotspots obtained after the clustering of keyword topics were hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, coinfections of HBV and hepatitis C virus/human immunodeficiency virus, primary hepatocellular carcinoma, antiviral therapy and hepatitis B cure, HBV virology, HBV and immunology, HBV reactivation, HBV vaccine, etc.Conclusions:In the past six years, global researches in the field of hepatitis B have focused on hepatitis B epidemiology and management, prediction and prevention of hepatitis B-related liver cancer, hepatitis B cure and treatment optimization, HBV virology and host immune mechanism in the development of hepatitis B, etc.The number of published papers in the field of hepatitis B keeps relatively stable. The number of researches in China′s mainland is at the international leading level, but the influence of researches needs to be further improved.

Amelioration of nebivolol on renal interstitial fibrosis in UUO rats based on proteomic analysis / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To explore the effect and mechanism of nebivolol on renal interstitial fibrosis(RIF) in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model through TMT proteomics. METHODS: SD rats were divided into Sham group, UUO group, Neb group(UUO rats treated with nebivolol 10 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.). Left kidney was collected from rat on 7th, 14th and 21th day after modeling. HE staining was used to observe renal structure and Masson's staining was used to examine RIF. Proteomic and bioinformatics were conducted to screen and analysis the differential expressed proteins contrary regulated between UUO/Sham and Neb/UUO 21d after obstruction. Western blot were used to confirm protein expressions. RESULTS: Compared with Sham group, RIF in UUO rats aggravated gradually. Administration of nebivolol for 21 d ameliorated RIF in UUO rats. A total of 179 differential expressed proteins contrary regulated were identified shared between UUO/Sham and Neb/UUO groups. KEGG enrichment analysis and PPI showed that these differential expressed proteins were mainly involved in spliceosome pathway. Results of Western blot for Rbm8a, Srsf9 and Sart1 were in line with the results of proteomics. CONCLUSION: Spliceosome may play key role in the amelioration of nebivolol on RIF in UUO rats.

Treatment of psoriatic arthritis with tofacitinib: 5 cases and literature review / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib (TOF) in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA).Methods:The clinical data of 5 patients with PsA from September 2018 to December 2020 in People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were collected. Five patients were treated with a variety of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), two of them had ever been treated with biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) [recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alphareceptor Ⅱ: IgG Fc (rhTNFR: Fc, Adalimumab], but failed to show efficacy or relapse after drug withdrawal. Multiple joints were involved in 2 patients. These five patients were treated with tofacitinib. Their data were collected and analyzed 3-month and 6-month after treatment respectively, including the changes of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), severity of pain measured by visual analogue scale (VAS), joint pain count (TCJ), joint swelling count (SCJ), health assessment questionnaire (HAQ), 28 joint disease activity score (DAS28 CRP), psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), and PsA disease activity index (DAPSA). Adverse reactions were observed and analyzed.Results:These 5 cases were treated with TOF 5 mg twice daily. Three months after treatment, swelling joints count and psoriatic rash were significantly improved, and pain was significantly relieved in 4 cases. Six months after treatment, the ESR, CRP, VAS, TCJ, SCJ, HAQ, DAS28 CRP, PASI, and DAPSA decreased further. According to DSA28-CRP score, peri-pheral joints involvement of 3 cases were improved, and 2 cases reached low disease activity state. The overall effective of PASI were observed in 4 cases. According to the DAPSA score, 1 case reached the PsA disease remission state and 4 cases reached the PsA low disease activity state. No remarkable adverse reactions occurred.Conclusion:With good therapeutic effect and less adverse reactions, TOF is a potential treatment option for PsA.

Clinical application and long-term safety of hydroxychloroquine in rheumatic diseases / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical application and long-term safety of hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ) in the treatment of rheumatic diseases.Methods:A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2017 and August 2018 in a random sample of eleven medical institutions of rheumatology and immunology in China. Patients who took HCQ for more than 3 months were enrolled into this study. The cumulative dose and long-term side effects of HCQ were recorded. The changes of laboratory indexes before and after treatment with HCQ were analyzed. Categorical variables were presented with counts and proportions, and evaluated by Chi-square test. Continuous parametric data were presented as Mean±standard deviation, and evaluated by Student's t test or Mann-Whitney U test. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 886 patients with rheumatic diseases were enrolled into this study, including 505 cases with systemic lupus erythematosus (57.0%), 210 cases with rheumatoid arthritis (23.7%), 80 cases with Sj?gren's syndrome (9.0%), 57 cases with undifferentiated connective tissue disease (6.4%), 12 cases of systemic vasculitis (1.4%), 10 cases of mixed connective tissue disease (1.1%), 7 cases of myositis (0.8%) and 5 cases with systemic sclerosis (0.6%). The most common long-term side effects of HCQ was skin or mucous lesions (12.4%) and vision problems (8.0%). Other adverse reactions included problems of digestive system (3.0%), nervous system (2.1%), musculoskeletal system (1.1%) and cardiovascular system (0.9%). 140 cases (15.8%) had stopped taking HCQ during the treatment. More than half of them decided to stop taking medicine by themselves. Fifty-four patients (6.1%) stopped using HCQ due to side effects while 24 of them took it again, and another 12 patients (1.4%) stopped the drug due to remission of illness. Patients were divided into three groups according to the cumulative dose of HCQ: less than 500 g, 500-1 000 g and more than 1 000 g respectively. There was significant difference in the incidence of long-term side effects among the three groups ( χ2=6.382, P=0.041). The last group (more than 1 000 g) suffered the highest incidence of long-term adverse reactions (37.1%). No severe adverse drug reactions were observed in this study. Conclusion:Hydroxychloroquine is widely used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. The incidence of long-term side effects is 20.4%, is 6.1% lead to drug withdrawal, which are especially related to the cumulative doses. It should be adjusted properly according to the clinical application.

Efficacy and safety of belimumab in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of belimumab in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods:Retrospective analysis was made in 41 patients with SLE who were treated with belimumab in our hospital. The demographic data, clinical features, laboratory test results and treatment-related adverse events (AE) were collected and analyzed. Paired sample t test and Wilcoxon test were used to compare and analyze the changes of laboratory indexes before and after treatment. Results:The follow-up time of the 41 patients was (3.0±1.0) months, and 19 patients stopped belimumab because of the Covid-19 pandemic, the duration for belimumab withdrawal was (2.6±0.9) months. The most common clinical manifestation was impaired renal function (63.4%, 26 cases), followed by musculoskeletal impairment (58.5%, 24 cases). Before and after treatment, the dose of glucocorticoid was significantly decreased [15(9, 35) mg/d vs 13(8, 25) mg/d, Z=-3.573, P<0.01], the systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI)-2000 was significantly decreased [5(4, 8) vs 2(2, 4), Z=-4.446, P<0.01], the anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody [enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA)] level was significantly decreased [96(26, 300) vs 36(10, 139), Z=-3.436, P<0.01], the complement C3 level was significantly increased [(0.62±0.22) g/L vs (0.74±0.20) g/L, t=-5.454, P<0.01], the complement C4 level was significantly increased [(0.13±0.07) g/L vs (0.17±0.07) g/L, t=-5.851, P<0.01), the hemoglobin level was significantly increased [(117±15) g/L vs (125±16) g/L, t=-4.236, P<0.01) and A/G level was significantly increased [(1.30±1.36) vs (1.49±0.29), t=-5.174, P<0.01]. Four patients (13.8%) had adverse events during treatment with belimumab, including 1 case of upper respiratory tract infection, 2 cases of urinary tract bacterial infections and 1 case of herpes zoster. Conclusion:Belimumab is safe and effective in the treatment of SLE. It can significantly reduce the dosage of glucocorticoid and improve anemia, but the specific mechanism needs to be further studied.

Risk factors of uveitis in ankylosing spondylitis / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of uveitis in ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods:This retrospective study included 206 patients with AS who visited the department of rheumatology and immunology of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region between January, 2018 and December, 2018. Those patients with uveitis were enrolled in the uveitis group. AS patients without uveitis were included in the non uveitis group as control. The basic clinical data, laboratory indexes and imaging data were analyzed retrospectively by t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Chi square test and binary logistic regression. Results:Thirty-seven patients with uveitis and 169 patients without uveitis were included. Compared with the non uveitis group, patients with uveitis were older in age [(40±11) years vs (36±11) years, t=-2.06, P<0.05], longer in disease duration [10(5, 16) years vs 5(2, 10) years, Z=-3.16, P<0.01], more peripheral arthritis [51.4%(19/37) vs 32.5%(55/169), χ2=4.66, P<0.05] and peripheral enthesitis [40.5%(15/37) vs 11.8%(20/169), χ2=17.34, P<0.01], and higher human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 positive rate [100%(37/37) vs 85.8%(145/169), χ2=5.95, P=0.01]. However, there were no significant difference in gender, race, cervical tenderness, smoking history and volume, a positive family history of uveitis, a positive family history of AS and BMI. There was no significant difference in bloodplatelet (PLT), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). By the binary logistic regression analysis, we found that peripheral enthesitis [ OR(95% CI)=4.289(1.832, 10.040), P<0.01], and longer disease duration [ OR(95% CI)=1.072(1.014, 1.134), P<0.05] were independently related to AS related uveitis. Conclusion:This study suggests that the risk of uveitis is increased in AS patients with longer disease duration and peripheral enthesitis.

Investigation on depression of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Xinjiang / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective:To explore the depression of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods:Patients with SLE and healthy subjects(control group) from August 16, 2020 to September 2, 2020 in Urumqi, Xinjiang were collected. The depression and sleep quality were assessed by Self rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). The nonparametric data were represented by median (quartile spacing), and the rank sum test was used to compare the continuous variables between the two groups. Pearson correlation test was used for continuous variables, and Spearman correlation test was used for rank variables or classified variables. Statistical product and service solutions.Results:The prevalence rate of depression in the SLE group (41.9%) was significantly higher than that in healthy control group (32.1%). The difference was statistically significant ( χ2= 10.312, P<0.01). The prevalence rate of poor sleep in the SLE group (31.8%) was significantly higher than that in healthy control group (21.6%). The difference was statistically significant( χ2=3.885, P=0.049). The total score of VAS ( OR=1.366, P<0.01) , PSQI( OR=1.198, P<0.01) were the risk factor of depression in patients with SLE. Conclusion:SLE patients have a higher prevalence of depression during pandemic quarantinee-period, pain and poor sleep quality are risk factors. We need to pay attention to the psychological status of SLE patients.

Clinical and immunological characteristics of Uygur systemic lupus erythematosus patients in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective:To describe the clinical features and immunological of Uygur systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) subjects.Methods:Atotal of 484 adult patients (≥18 years) followed in the People's Hospital of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were included into this study including 211 Uygur patients with SLE and 273 Han patients with SLE.Results:① Of the 211 Uygur SLE patients, 195 (92.4%) were female and 16(7.6%) were male (female:male=12.2∶1), the mean age at SLE onset was 15-64(35±12) years, mean disease duration was 0.1-228(21±35) months.② Of the 211 Uygur SLE patients, the most prevalent clinical presentationswere renal involvement 56.4%(119/211), hematological 56.4%(119/211), rash 50.2% (106/211), arthralgia/arthritis 49.8%(105/211), weakness 47.9%(101/211). The significant difference observed between the Uygur and Han SLE patients was Raynaud phenomenon( χ2=6.066, P=0.014) .③ The positive rates of antinuclear antibodies were 94.8%(200/211), 54.5%(115/211) for anti-dsDNA antibodies, 47.9% (101/211) for anti-SSA antibodies, 35.1%(74/211) for anti-U 1-RNP antibodies, and 28.4%(60/211) for anti-AHA antibodies. The positivity of anti-AHA antibodies ( χ2=4.952, P=0.026) was higher in Uygur SLE patients than thatin Han SLE patients. More Uygur SLE patients were anemic ( χ2=6.904, P=0.009), with decrease of complement ( χ2=6.330, P=0.012). Conclusion:This study can not find any significant differences between the Uygur SLE patients and Han SLE patients in common clinical manifestations in Xinjiang. The Uygur SLE patients are more likely to have anemia and decrease of complement, which may be related to race and diet habits.

Extracorporeal shock wave treatment for palm crush injuries / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of extracorporeal shock wave treatment in the treatment of functional disorders after a palm crush injury.Methods:Forty patients who had experienced a hand crush injury more than 3 months previously were randomly divided into a control group and a combination group, each of 20. Both groups were given routine joint mobilization, ultrasound treatment, muscle strength training and occupational therapy every day in ten day units for 2 months. The combination group also received extracorporeal shock wave therapy three times a week for the two months. Before the experiment and after one and two months of treatment, both groups′ upper limb functioning was evaluted using the DASH score, grip strength and hand flexibility in the 9-hole wood board test.Results:After 2 months of treatment, significant improvement was observed in all of the measurements with both groups. The average scores of the combination group on all three tests were by then significantly better than the control group′s averages.Conclusions:Adding extracorporeal shock wave therapy to routine rehabilitation can improve the rough and fine functioning of a crushed hand.

Effect of percutaneous coronary intervention on sleep quality of coronary heart disease patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome / 中华全科医师杂志

One hundred and nine consecutive coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during February 2016 to August 2018 were enrolled in the study. After treatment the quality of sleep was improved in 35 cases (observation group) and was not improved in 74 patients (control group). The basic characteristics, coronary lesions of patients were compared between two groups. Compared with the control group, patients in observation group had significant higher proportion of males [80.0%(28/35) vs. 59.5%(44/74), χ 2=4.471, P=0.035], smoking history [85.7% (30/35) vs. 63.5% (47/74), χ 2=5.647, P=0.018], lower body mass index [(25.8±3.1) kg/m 2vs. (27.4±3.2) kg/m 2, t=2.461, P=0.033]. Compared with control group, the observation group had lower coronary Gensini score[(35.4±5.7) vs. (38.7±6.5), t=2.571, P=0.011], less number of stent[ (1.4±0.4) vs. (1.6±0.4), t=2.427, P=0.016]. And the lesions were mostly distributed in the right coronary artery in observation group (61.9%, 26/35) (χ 2=11.759, P=0.003). Conclusion:The improvement of sleep quality by PCI depends on the clinical features and coronary artery lesions of CHD patients with OSA.

Practice guideline for patients with hyperuricemia/gout / 中华内科杂志

Hyperuricemia/gout is a common metabolic disease in China, which is a serious threat to people′s health. In clinical practice, the standardization of prevention and diagnosis and the rate of treat-to-target need to be improved. There is still a lack of education for the patients about the understanding of clinical guidelines, the disease knowledge and the importance of cooperating with doctors to carry out diagnosis and treatment. From the most concerned issues of the patients, we established the hyperuricemia/gout patient practice guideline working group with multidisciplinary physicians and patients. Seventeen opinions, as the hyperuricemia/gout patient practice guidelines, are proposed in accordance with the relevant principles of the "WHO guidelines development manual" , and with the international normative process, aiming to improve the patients compliance, improve the level of health management of the disease.