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BACKGROUND:As a dominant breed pig in southwest China,the southern Yunnan small-ear pig has been widely used as an experimental animal in the basic research of other disciplines,but there are still no reports on its application in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. OBJECTIVE:To establish a large animal model of the southern Yunnan small-ear pig with anterior cruciate ligament with autologous Achilles tendon was established. METHODS:Twenty adult female Yunnan small-ear pigs were equally randomized into two groups.In the autologous Achilles tendon group,the right knee anterior cruciate ligament was reconstructed with autologous Achilles tendon as a graft,while in the sham-operated group,a similar operation was performed on the right knee without any treatment of the anterior cruciate ligament.General conditions of each pig were observed and recorded before and 12 months after surgery.Ligaments and grafts were taken for gross observation and MAS scoring.Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe morphological characteristics of ligaments.The staining and arrangement of type I and type Ⅲ collagen were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the type,size,diameter,ratio,and distribution of collagen fibers in ligaments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:All animals had normal diet and activity,good wound healing,no obvious inflammatory reaction,no local purulent infection,and no significant changes in mental and urinary conditions compared with those before surgery.The reconstructed cruciate ligament of the knee was intact,with no stiffness and normal range of motion.Both the anterior drawer and Lachman tests were negative.Gross observation of the graft:12 months after surgery,the grafts was in good position,with good integrity,obvious tension,ligament color close to the original anterior cruciate ligament,and complete surface synovial coverage.Most of the intraarticular ligaments in the autologous Achilles tendon group were defined as MAS I type and a few were defined as MAS Ⅱ type.In the sham-operated group,the intraarticular ligament was defined as MAS I type.Hematoxylin-eosin staining indicated that,12 months after surgery,collagen fibers in the autologous Achilles tendon group began to appear bundled,isotropic,and uniformly arranged,with more obvious isotropic corrugations,and the nuclei were mainly linear or spindle-shaped,which were similar to those in normal anterior cruciate ligament tissue of the sham-operated group.Immunohistochemistry results indicated that,12 months after surgery,there was a higher expression of type I collagen and significantly less expression of type Ⅲ collagen in the reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament in the autologous Achilles tendon group.The degree of type I and type Ⅲ staining was similar in the two groups.Under the transmission electron microscope,the diameter,arrangement and density of collagen fibers in the reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament of the autologous Achilles tendon group were similar to those of the original anterior cruciate ligament at 12 months after surgery,indicating that the ligament remodeling process had been basically completed in the autologous Achilles tendon group at 12 months after surgery.Through a comprehensive evaluation of animal general conditions,ligament general view,MAS score,hematoxylin-eosin staining,immunohistochemistry,and transmission electron microscopy observation,we successfully established a large animal model of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using autogenous Achilles tendon in southern Yunnan small-ear pigs,with good morphological,histological and ultrastructural results.
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Pulmonary blast injury has become the main type of trauma in modern warfare, characterized by externally mild injuries but internally severe injuries, rapid disease progression, and a high rate of early death. The injury is complicated in clinical practice, often with multiple and compound injuries. Currently, there is a lack of effective protective materials, accurate injury detection instrument and portable monitoring and transportation equipment, standardized clinical treatment guidelines in various medical centers, and evidence-based guidelines at home and abroad, resulting in a high mortality in clinlcal practice. Therefore, the Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized military and civilian experts in related fields such as thoracic surgery and traumatic surgery to jointly develop the Clinical treatment guideline for pulmonary blast injury ( version 2023) by combining evidence for effectiveness and clinical first-line treatment experience. This guideline provided 16 recommended opinions surrounding definition, characteristics, pre-hospital diagnosis and treatment, and in-hospital treatment of pulmonary blast injury, hoping to provide a basis for the clinical treatment in hospitals at different levels.
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Objective To compare the clinical effect of ifosfamide in combination with liposomal doxorubicin and dexamethasone (CDD) in the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM) with or without extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP). Methods The clinical data of 71 relapsed/refractory MM patients treated with CDD regimen from January 2011 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed, including 48 patients with EMP(group A)and 23 patients without EMP (group B).One cycle of the CDD treatment was 21 d or 28 d and efficacy analysis was performed after every two cycles.Results The overall response rate in group A was 43.8%(21/48)and the complete remission and near complete remission rate was 8.3%(4/48);the overall response rate in group B was 65.2%(15/23)and the complete remission and near complete remission rate was 13.0% (3/23). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups(χ2=1.203,0.659,P>0.05).The progression-free survival (PFS)time in group A was(8.6 ± 3.3)months, while the PFS time in group B was(7.9 ± 2.5)months and there was no significant difference between the two groups(t=1.009,P>0.05).There was no significant difference about incidence rate of adverse effects between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusions CDD regimen can be used for the treatment of relapsed/refractory MM with or without EMP, the PFS and drug related adverse effects are similar, especially in patients with EMP.
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Objective To investigate the risk factors in the outcome of neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage. Methods A total of 69 cases of neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage from January 2005 to December 2011 were studied. They were divided into 2 groups according to clinical outcome (death or alive). The data of the two groups were compared using single factor analysis. The risk factors were analyzed using multi-factor analysis. Results The death of neonates with pulmonary hemorrhage was correlated with aspiration pneumonia, coagulation abnormalities, DIC, heart failure and MPV. Multi-factor analysis showed that DIC (OR=6.90, 95%CI:1.514-31.419), heart failure (OR=9.62, 95%CI:1.710-54.150) and MPV<11 prior to pulmonary hemorrhage (OR=7.01, 95%CI:1.475-33.312) were the independent risk factors of neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage. Conclusions For the neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage with DIC, heart failure and low MPV, active intervention should be implemented.
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Objective This study was carried out to investigate the effect of myocardial insulin resistance on expression of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in ischemic heart failure in rat.Methods Male sprague-dawley rats were subjected either to ligation of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) (n =24) or to sham operation (n =24).After two weeks,cardiac size and function were determined by echocardiography.Glucose and fatty acid (FAO) oxidation rates as well as insulin response were measured in the isolated working heart.The protein expression of p38MAPK was evaluated by Western blotting.Results The infarcted hearts were dilated and had a reduced ejection fraction (ejection fraction ＜0.50).The basal glucose oxidation was preserved,but the fatty acid oxidation was significantly reduced.Insulin effect on substrate oxidation was significantly impaired for both the decrease in fatty acid oxidation and the increase in glucose oxidation.The protein expression of p38MAPK in infracted hearts wasfisigni cantly reduced(P＜0.05).Condusion Myocardial infarction in rats caused partial insulin resistance at the level of substrate oxidation,which was associated with cardiac contractile dysfunction and the expression of p38MAPK.
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Aim: To search for new compounds with stronger anti-inflammatory activities and less gastrointestinal side effects. Methods: 2-(2, 4-Dichlorophenyl) -3-(3, 5-dimethoxyphenyl) - propenoic acid(Ⅰ) was converted to amides(Ⅱ). Their anti-inflammatory activities against xylene-induced mice ear swelling were evaluated. Results: Twelve target compounds (Ⅱ_(1-12)) were synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by IR,~1H NMR and HR-MS.Ⅱ_3 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity compared with CMC-Na ( P < 0. 01) and aspirin ( P < 0. 05). Conclusion: Compound Ⅱ_3 deserves further investigation.