Investigation on the normal value of urinary arsenic in healthy people in different areas of Guangxi, China / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the upper limit of the normal value of arsenic in healthy adult population in different areas of Guangxi.@*Methods@#From 2015 to 2016, 1533 subjects from 14 counties and cities in Guangxi were collected by age, gender, stratified random sampling and questionnaire survey. 1417 urine samples with satisfactory urine quality and complete information were collected.The content of arsenic in urine was determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry.@*Results@#The upper limit of normal arsenic in healthy adults in guangxi was 0.053 mg/L. Male urinary arsenicP50(0.011mg/L)was higher than that of the female(0.008mg/L), the difference was statistically significant(Z=5.352,P<0.01). Smoking urinary arsenicP50(0.012mg/L) was higher than that of nonsmokers(0.009mg/L), the difference was statistically significant(Z=3.404,P<0.01). GroupP50 urine arsenic in coastal areas(0.012mg/L) the crowd was higher than that in non coastal areas(0.009mg/L), the difference was statistically significant(Z=-7.522,P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#The upper limit of normal arsenic in healthy adults in Guangxi area is 0.053mg/L,and there are differences in the levels of arsenic in healthy adults, such as different genders and regions.

An investigation of normal urinary manganese value in healthy adults in different places in Guangxi, China / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the normal urinary manganese value in healthy adults in Guangxi, China and its distribution characteristics.@*Methods@#From 2015 to 2016, stratified random sampling based on age and sex was performed to select 1533 healthy adults aged 18-60 years in Nanning,Liuzhou,Guilin,Hezhou,Wuzhou,Yulin,Guigang,Beihai,Qinzhou,Laibin,Hechi Nandan,Bose Jingxi,Chongzuo Daxin,and Fangchenggang.All of them had no history of occupational manganese exposure or acute or chronic liver/renal diseases and had lived in the local area for more than one year. A total of 1417 urine samples with normal specific gravity and complete data were obtained, and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was used to measure urinary manganese.The distribution characteristics of urinary manganese level were analyzed among adults with different ages,sexes,or presence or absence of smoking habits or among those who lived or did not live in the mining area.@*Results@#The geometric mean of urinary manganese among healthy adults in Guangxi was 0.52 μg/L,and the upper limit of normal was 5.68μg/L. There was no significant difference in urinary manganese level between the healthy adults with different ages, sexes,or presence or absence of smoking habits (P>0.05).The healthy adults who lived in the mining area of nonferrous metal mines had a significantly higher geometric mean of urinary manganese than those who did not live in such areas(1.65μg/Lvs0.34μg/L,P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#The upper limit of normal of urinary manganese is 5.68 μg/L among healthy adults in Guangxi,and the healthy adults who live in the mining area of manganese mine or nonferrous metal mines have a significantly higher urinary manganese level than those who do not live in such areas.

Toward the Positive Psychology of Mental Retardation(review) / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Researchers have long focused on the adaptive behavior,quality of life,dual diagnosis,personality motivation and families of persons with mental retardation,but failed to address virtue and well-being.Unlike even a decade ago,we can now well afford to turn the emphasis to the positive,internal states of those with mental retardation.Using the breakthroughs in positive psychology,these findings such as positive trait or positive experience,can proposes a new research agenda to mental retardation.Mental retardation can play an important role in positive psychology,but it needs the research and data support in future.