Diagnosis of non lactation mastitis,breast cancer by color doppler flow imaging and ultrasonic elastography / 中国基层医药

Objective To study ultrasonic parameters characteristics of lactation mastitis,breast cancer by using color doppler flow imaging(CDFI)and ultrasonic elastography(UE),and to explore its clinical value.Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted in the clinical data of 85 female patients (a total of 85 breast lesions).All patients were confirmed by pathology,and according to the results of pathology,they were divided into non lactation mastitis group(group NLM,a total of 28 cases),breast cancer group(group Ca,a total of 57 cases).All patients accepted CDFI and UE before treatment,and compared ultrasound parameters between the two groups.Results The proportions of class 0~I(71.43%)and RI<0.7(82.14%)in group NLM were significantly higher than those in group Ca,while the proportions of classⅡ ~Ⅲ(28.57%)and RI≥0.7 (17.86%)were significantly lower than 75.44%,84.21% in group Ca(χ2 =17.185,35.217,all P<0.05).The UE ratings(1.75 ±0.97)and the strain rate ratio (1.64 ±0.83)in NLMgroup were lower than (4.19 ±0.74),(5.03 ±1.08)in group Ca(t=-12.873,-14.623,all P<0.05).The accuracy of CDFI +UE(89.41%)was higher than the accuracy of UE(76.47%)or the accuracy of CDFI(67.06%)(χ2 =12.337,P<0.05).Conclusion CDFI,UE have a certain diagnosis ability for non lactation mastitis and breast cancer,combining both can obtain better diagnostic value,which is worthy of clinical application.

Analysis of the role and function of professional organizations in health governance in China / 中国卫生政策研究

The characteristics of health care require that health care professional organizations play an impor-tant role in health governance. The role of health care professional organizations in China has not been clearly defined and their functions have not been fully developed. This paper explores the nature, and the functions of health care professional associations in China. Based on the analysis of health governance characteristics in China, the role, and functions of the health care professional organizations in China’s health governance were defined and relevant policy recommendations are were proposed.

Analysis on the development of healthcare professional organizations in China / 中国卫生政策研究

This article is based on a questionnaire survey of healthcare professional organizations and interview leaders of them. The results of this investigation show that the number of staff is small, and lack of highly qualified human resources. The organizations rely on donation for income and some of them run at a deficit. The functions such as professional self-discipline are not well performed. The analysis reveals four reasons why functions are not well per-formed:the bureaucratic style of the professional organizations and unclear legal status;the limited authorization from legal and administrative bodies;the defects in the governance system and the lack of capacity. Four aspects of policy recommendations are were proposed: to clearly define the role of the professional organizations and authorization through legal and administrative procedures; to strengthen support of professional organizations through various poli-cies;to improve governance and build comprehensive regulation mechanisms;to enhance the capacity of these organi-zations and so on.

International experiences on the functions of healthcare professional organizations and its en-lightenment for China / 中国卫生政策研究

The aim of the present paper intends to explore the international experiences of healthcare profes-sional organizations and its enlightenment for China. The functions of health professional organizations in advanced countries include certification and accreditation, self-discipline, academic exchanges, political participation, service for industry, member rights protection and so on. The legal authorization, comprehensive supervision and competitive market mechanisms which make sure these functions perform well are worth learning for China.

The immunological characteristics of tonsil mesenchymal stem cells / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the immunological characteristics of human tonsil mesenchymal stem cells (TMSCs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human tonsil tissues were obtained from the children patients with chronic tonsillitis. TMSCs were separated, cultured, and were detected the expression profiles of HLA-I, HLA-II, CD80, CD86 by flow cytometry. The measurement of immunogenicity, the effect on phytohemagglutinin (PHA) induced peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMCs) proliferation and mixed lymphocytes reaction (MLR) were performed to identify the immunological characteristics of TMSCs. The co-cultures of TMSCs + PBMCs + PHA and TMSCs + MLR were established, respectively, and the concentration of kynurenine, which is the metabolin of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase, in the culture supernatant were examined. Then we added 1-methyl-L-tryptophan into the co-culture of TMSCs + PBMCs + PHA and TMSCs + MLR, respectively, and tested the proliferation of PBMCs. Each experiment was repeated three times, and there were six samples in each group. Statistical significance was assessed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and a P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TMSCs expressed HLA-I, were negative for HLA-II and co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. The stimulation index in the group of TMSCs + allogeneic PBMCs was 1.38 ± 0.26, whereas the stimulation index in the group of allogeneic PBMCs was 1.22 ± 0.28, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05), indicating that TMSCs could not initiate the proliferation of allogeneic PBMCs. The stimulation indexes in the group of TMSCs + allogeneic PBMCs + PHA were 1.49 ± 0.29 and 1.23 ± 0.22, respectively, whereas the stimulation index in the group of allogeneic PBMCs + PHA was 4.60 ± 0.81, and the difference between the two groups had a statistical significance (P < 0.05) suggesting that TMSCs could inhibit PHA-induced PBMCs proliferation. The stimulation indexes in the group of TMSCs + MLR were 1.29 ± 0.23 and 1.26 ± 0.27, respectively, however, the stimulation index in the group of MLR was 3.04 ± 0.66, and the difference between the two groups had a statistical significance (P < 0.05), demonstrating that TMSCs could suppress MLR-induced PBMCs proliferation. The levels of kynurenine were (26.0 ± 2.3) μmol/L and (23.5 ± 4.5) μmol/L in the culture of TMSCs + PBMCs + PHA and TMSCs + MLR, respectively, thus elevating significantly. After adding of 1-methyl-L-tryptophan, TMSCs-mediated-proliferation suppression of PBMCs restored to normal levels.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TMSCs possess low immunogenecity and immunosuppressive function, may be used in allogeneic transplantation.</p>

Effect of Hedyotic diffusa injection in reversing multi-drug resistance of human hepatoma BEL-7402/5-FU cells / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To study the effect and mechanism of Hedyotic diffusa injection in reversing multi-drug resistance of BEL-7402/5-FU cells.Methods The IC50 of BEL-7402/5-FU cells was examined by MTT,apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry,and the content of tyrosine kinase in total protein of tumor cells was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The IC50 of Hedyotic diffusa injection (6 μL/mL ) combined with 5-FU (636.5 μmol/L)decreased significantly compared with that of 5-FU applied alone (1 071.6 6μmol/L). The reversal on BEL-7402/5-FU was 1.68-fold.After injection of 5-FU plus Hedyotic diffusa ,the apoptosis rate of BEL-7402/5-FU cells was increased significantly and the tyrosine kinases of BEL-7402/5-FU cells decreased significantly.Conclusion Hedyotic diffusa injection plays a certain role in reversing multi-drug resistance of BEL-7402/5-FU cells,which may be related to decreasing their tyrosine kinases.

Effect of Toll-like receptor 4 on the immunological properties of periodontal ligament stem cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Tol-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its ligand, lipopolysaccharid, are closely associated with the occurrence and development of periodontitis. Meanwhile, the immunological properties of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) play an important role in the reconstruction of periodontal tissue and cel-based therapy of periodontitis. However, the effect of TLR4 and lipopolysaccharid on the immunological properties of PDLSCs remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of TLR4 on the immunological characteristics of human PDLSCs. METHODS:PDLSCs were isolated by enzyme digestion method as previously reported, and were cultured in the medium containing 10 mg/L lipopolysaccharid, the ligand of TLR4 for 3 days. Using un-treated PDLSCs as controls, we then investigated whether lipopolysaccharid-treated PDLSCs could cause the proliferation of al ogeneic T lymphocytes as wel as the effect of lipopolysaccharid-treated PDLSCs on the mixed lymphocytes reaction and proliferation of lymphocytes induced by phytohemagglutinin. PDLSCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and phytohemagglutinin were co-cultured, and the concentration of prostaglandin E2 in the culture supernatant was examined. Then we added indomethacin, which is the inhibitor of prostaglandin E2, into the co-culture system of PDLSCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and phytohemagglutinin, and tested the proliferation of lymphocytes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Lipopolysaccharid-treated PDLSCs did not lead to the proliferation of al ogeneic T lymphocytes just as un-treated PDLSCs, and could suppress the mixed lymphocytes reaction and proliferation of phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocytes. However, the inhibitory ability of lipopolysaccharid-treated PDLSCs was significantly lower than that of un-treated PDLSCs. The levels of prostaglandin E2 were significantly elevated in the co-culture of PDLSCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells and phytohemagglutinin. After adding of indomethacin, the PDLSCs-suppressed proliferation of lymphocytes restored to normal levels. Lipopolysaccharid weakened the immunosuppressive capacity of PDLSCs, which may be due to the decreasing secretion of prostaglandin E2.

Clinical effects of botulinium toxin A local injection treatment for hemifacial spasm / 临床神经病学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical effects of botulinum toxin A ( BTX-A) local injection treatment for hemifacial spasm .Methods Seventeen sites were used to inject BTX-A in 46 patients with hemifacial spasm . Before and after treatment , the grades of facial spasm were evaluated .Clinical efficacy was evaluated based on hemifacial spasm rating 4 weeks after treatment .The recurrence of symptoms in patients given repeated BTX-A injection.Results After BTX-A injection, 15 cases of completely relieved , obviously relieved in 29 cases, partial remission in 2 cases;the efficiency was 95.6%.The onset time was (2.6 ±1.1) d;sustained efficacy was (19.1 ± 2.3)weeks.Injection times was 1 in 5 cases, 2 in 23 cases, 3 in 11 cases and 4 or more in 7 cases.The onset time of repeated injection was(2.61 ±1.03) d, the duration was(19.24 ±2.12) weeks and the efficiency was 100%, They had no significant differences between initial and repeated injection .Six cases occurred local facial mild paralysis, and complete recovery after 2-4 weeks.Conclusion BTX-A local injection for hemifacial spasm is a safe and effective treatment , has no significant adverse reaction;and the effect of repeated injection is not decreased .