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Objective:To explore the cleansing effect of Nitric Oxide (NO) sustained-release silica nanoparticles (short for NO sustained-release agent) on endoscopic biofilm and its clinical application.Methods:A total of 160 clinical endoscopes were randomly divided into two groups: the cleansing agent group (80 pieces, disinfected with cleansing agents), NO group (80 pieces, disinfected with NO sustained-release agent). A biofilm model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was constructed and used as the control for phosphate buffered solution (PBS) treatment. A biofilm model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the surface of endoscopic lumen was built first in vitro. Scanning electron microscopy was then used to observe the microstructure of biofilm after treatment with NO sustained-release agent. Viable counting method was used to evaluate the cleansing effect of NO sustained-release agent on biofilm. Finally, at the clinical level, the actual disinfection effect of NO sustained-release agent on clinical endoscopy was evaluated by detecting the protein residues, viable counting and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) biofluorescence detection. Results:The scanning electron microscopy showed that the biofilm was intact in the model group, but scattered bacteria were observed on the biofilm surface in the NO group and the detergent group. Compared with the model group [(4.86±2.67)×10 6(colony-forming units, CFU)/mL], the standard CFUs of the NO group [(1.37±0.61)×10 4CFU/mL] and the detergent group [(1.31±0.21)×10 5CFU/mL] were significantly lower (detergent group VS model group, P=0.009; NO group VS model group, P=0.008), and there was significant difference between the detergent group and the model group ( t=9.53, P=0.000 6). The levels of residual proteins in the endoscopic lumens before and after the treatment were 8.03±1.47 mg/mL and 0.50±0.37 mg/mL in the NO group, 8.01±1.51 mg/mL and 0.91±0.52 mg/mL in the detergent group with significant difference ( P<0.01), and the reduction effect of the NO group was more significant. The disinfection of NO group and cleaning agent group was within the qualifying range, but the ATP bioluminescence value, protein residue and colony count of NO group (78.56±42.59 RLU, 0.50±0.37 mg/mL, 7.55±4.56 CFU) were significantly lower than those of detergent agent group (120.80±54.00 RLU,0.91±0.52 mg/mL,11.50±4.75 CFU, P<0.01). Conclusion:NO sustained-release agent can effectively clear endoscopic biofilm and further improve the disinfection effect on endoscopes, which may be of great significance for improving the effects on treatment and prognosis of patients.
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Objective To study effect of positive liver soup on serum leptin (LEP), adiponectin (ADP) and insulin resistance (IR) in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.Methods 68 cases of hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis according to randomized divided into the control group (34 cases) and treatment group (34 cases).Oral treatment administered to the control group (Inosine Tablets and vitamin C),treatment group in the control group based on liver soup treatment, treatment for 3 months, serum leptin (LEP),adiponectin (ADP) and insulin resistance (IR) index before and after treatment were detected.Results Before treatment, there was no significant difference between ADP and LEP in the control group and the treatment group.After 3 months of treatment, there was no significant difference between ADP and LEP level in control group, while the level of ADP and LEP in treatment group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and were significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in FPG, fasting insulin level and IRS index between the control group and the treatment group before treatment.After 3 months of treatment, the control group FPG, fasting insulin level and IRS index were not significantly different.FPG, fasting insulin and IRS index in the treatment group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Positive liver soup can reduce serum LEP, ADP level, and improve IR in treatment of hepatitis B liver cirrhosis.
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Objective To explore the association between genetic polymorphisms and haplotypes of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (Trail) and ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods A total of 331 patients with UC and 832 age and sex-matched healthy controls were collected.After Trail gene was amplified by PCR,the genetic polymorphisms of three single nucleotides (G1525A/G1588A/C1595T) in 3' non coding regions of Trail gene were examined by direct sequencing.The relation between Trail haplotype and UC was analyzed.Results Compared with control group,the frequencies of variant allele A and genotype GA+ AA in Trail G1525A were significantly lower in UC group (both P＜0.01).The frequencies of variant allele A and T in Trail G1588A and C1595T were also significantly lower in UC group than that of control group,and the difference was statistically significant (both P ＜ 0.01 ).In mild and moderate UC patients,the frequencies of variant allele T and CT+TT in Trail C1595T were 49.15％ and 64.51％,in severe UC patients were 72.37％ and 84.21％,and the differences were significant between the two groups (OR=2.710 and 2.935,95％CI:1.598～4.596 and 1.188～7.249,all P ＜0.05).In severe UC patients,the frequency of variant allele A in Trail G1525A was 48.69％,which was higher than that of mild and moderate patients (35.16％,OR=1.750,95％CI:1.082～2.830,P=0.021).In UC group,the frequency of AAT haplotype was significantly lower than that of controls (43.09％ vs 58.41％,P＜0.01).The frequency of GAT haplotype was significantly higher in UC group (10.15％vs 0.18％,95％ CI:0.005 ～ 0.051,P＜ 0.01).Conclusion The genetic polymorphisms and haplotypes of Trail (G1525A/G1588A/C1595T) gene may be closely correlated with the susceptibility to UC.
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Objective To compare the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with double contrast enhanced ultrasound ( DCUS) in the preoperative staging of gastric malignancies. Methods This study included 162 patients with biopsy proven gastric cancer who underwent surgical resection as primary management of their malignancies. All patients underwent DCUS and EUS prior to surgical intervention with the results of the ultrasound findings compared with the pathological stages of the resected specimen. Results Among the 162 gastric cancer patients, there were 42 cases of T1, 49 cases of T2, 56 cases of T3, and 15 cases of T4 tumors. The overall accuracy of DCUS and EUS for the determination of loco-regional tumor infiltration ( T Staging) was 77. 2% and 74. 7% , (χ2 = 0. 273, P = 0. 603). Comparison of ultrasound techniques revealed that DCUS was superior to EUS only for a tumor depth of T3 (χ2 =5. 009, P = 0.025). Lymph nodes were correctly staged with DCUS and EUS in 78.4% and 57. 4% of cases, respectively ( χ2 = 16. 370,P =0.001). Using DCUS, the sensitivity of the technique was 78. 4% with a specificity of 78. 5%. In comparison, EUS had a sensitivity of 49. 5% with a specificity of 69. 2%. DCUS also detected a higher incidence of positive lymph nodes than EUS for poorly differentiated (81. 5% vs. 42. 6% ,χ2 =17. 338, P < 0. 01) and overall tumor types (78.4% vs. 49. 5% , χ2 = 17.523, P < 0. 01). Conclusions Double contrast-enhanced ultrasonography offers another noninvasive approach for the preoperative evaluation of gastric cancer. DCUS was comparable to EUS in tumor depth evaluation. DCUS offers an advantage in the detection of lymph node metastases, especially in poorly differentiated tumors.
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Objectives The present study aimed to investigate the associations between genetic polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR) G1793A, plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels, vitamin status and ulcerative colitis ( UC) in a cohort of patients in Hubei Han nationality. Methods Two hundred and ninty-nine UC patients and 764 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited in this study. Polymorphism of MTHFR G1793A was examined using a PCR-RELP method.Plasma levels of Hcy, folate and vitamin B12 were determined by enzymatic cycling assay and corpuscle immune chemiluminescence assay, respectively.Results Both variant allele and genotype frequencies in MTHFR G1793A gene were significantly higher in the UC patients compared to the controls (22.24% vs 14.20% , P<0.001 ;42.81% vs 26.97%, P < 0.001, respectively).Plasma Hcy levels were increased in UC patients compared to the controls [(20.67 ±6.42)mmol/L vs (13.21 ±5.11)mmol/L, P <0.001] while folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were significantly decreased [(11.37±6.34) nmol/L vs (14.89±7.21) nmol/L, P < 0.001; (324.15±127.53 ) pmol/L vs (421.54±128.45 ) pmol/L, P < 0.001, respectively].Furthermore, hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) and folate deficiency were also more prevalent in the UC patients (32.44% vs 25.78% , P = 0.029; 23.41% vs 17.01%, P =0.016, respectively).Conclusions Genetic polymorphism of MTHFR G1793A Wag strongly associated with UC.HHcy,folate deficiency and low vitamin B12 concentration were common phenomena in the UC patients of Hubei Han nationality.Our findings demonstrate that the genes relmed to Hey metabolism may play an important role in the pathogenesis of UC.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between the genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-Transferase M1,T1 and the susceptibility to sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma(SCRAC) and smoking and alcohol consumption in Chinese Hans.Methods Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) was used in the study of genetic polymorphisms of GSTM 1,T1 gene.Logistic analysis was performed to elucidate the roles of GSTM1,GST1,smoking and alcohol.Results The null GSTM1,T1 genotypes could increase the susceptibility to SCRAC(OR=1.711,95% CI:1.043～2.805;OR=1.734,95% CI:1.057～2.843),but smoking and alcohol consumption made no significant effect on SCRAC(OR=0.584,95% CI:0.356～0.958;OR=0.378.95% CI:0.217～0.657).Further stratification of the SCRAC patients by chnical features showed that there were no relationship between the GST M1,T1 genotype and the age of the SCRAC patients.But the frequency of null GSTM1 genotype was significantly associated with distal colon adenocarcinoma (P=0.021),colorectal adenocarcinoma of Dukes C classification (P=0.003) and poor difierentiation (P=0.020),respectively.The frequency of null GSTF1 genotype was only higher in colorectal adenocarcinoma of Dukes C classification(P=0.041).No relationship was found between the location,the degree of differentiation and the frequency of null GSTF1 genotype(P＞0.05).Furthermore,the frequencies of homozygous deletion in GSTM1,T1 genes were found to be significantly increased in SCRAC patients than those in healthy controls(38.9%VS25.7%.P=0.023).Conclusion The GST genotype is strongly correlated with SCRAC incidence in Chinese Hans.The null GSTM1,T1 genotypes can enhance the genetic susceptibility to SCRAC.while smoking and alcohol consumption have no significant effect on the susceptibility to SCRAC.
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Objective To evaluate the application of endoscopic needle- knife precut sphincterotomy (PST) in treating acute suppurative cholangitis. Methods After failure of routine papillary intubation during encoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) in papillary incarcerated stone or inflammatory stenosis cases, needle-knife PST was applied to find the lower opening of the common bile duct. After that, routine papillary sphincterotomy or balloon dilation followed. Then net basket for stone extraction and nasobiliary catheter for drainage were made. Results Eleven of the 12 cases′ stones were extracted successfully, the success rate was 91.7%. In the 11 cases, 5 cases′ incarcerated stones dropped into duodenum automatically after sphincterotomy; 9 cases′ stones were extracted successfully in one treatment while 2 cases′ stones were extracted secondarily after stents were implanted; 1 case′s stone could not be extracted and need surgical treatment after nasobiliary catheter drainage because of stenosis of the lower part of the common bile duct. There was no dead case in all the cases. Conclusions Acute suppurative cholangitis patients, who have papillary incarcerated stones or inflammatory stenosis, can receive more efficacious diagnosis and treatment by applying PST when routine endoscopic papillary intubation fails. PST is an important endoscopic treatment for acute calculous suppurative cholangitis