RESUMEN
In line with the worldwide trend in population aging, China has stepped into an aging society since 2000. The outstanding features of aging, including a large proportion of the older population, rapid growth, dramatic expansion of the oldest-old, and uneven aging distribution, have put China in a unique position. Besides, older population is expanding in parallel with the escalating burden of disease, high prevalence of disability, and low social involvement. However, China is not prepared to solve these problems in terms of the economy, awareness, geriatric care system, geriatric team, social security, or age-friendly environment. From the perspective of public health, we summarized the major challenges and proposed the following policy recommendations: (1) strengthening the top-level design and building a "government-leading, multi-sectoral-cooperating, and society-participating" pattern; (2) enhancing health services by implementing the "comprehensive health" strategy; (3) developing home and community care, coordinately enhance institutional care, promote integration of medical and care systems, and establish a multidimensional tailored care system; (4) optimizing geriatric the supporting system, included the construction of geriatric team and the long-term care insurance system; and (5) establishing a physical and socially age-friendly environment.
RESUMEN
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in both urban and rural areas of China. The current evidence regarding CVD risk factors was primarily established in Western countries, with limited generalizability to the Chinese population. In China, a growing number of population-based prospective cohort studies have emerged that have yielded substantial research data on CVD risk factors in the past five years. The research studies have covered biological risk factors (e.g., blood lipids, blood pressure, blood glucose, adiposity), lifestyle risk factors (e.g., smoking, alcohol, diet, physical activity), environmental risk factors (e.g., ambient and indoor air pollution), and risk prediction. This study aimed to systematically review the research progress on CVD risk factors in the Chinese population in the past five years. Prospective studies in China have identified biological, lifestyle, and environmental risk factors for CVD and its main subtypes, along with some protective factors unique to the Chinese (e.g., spicy food and green tea). This review aimed to provide high-quality evidence for achieving the Outline of Healthy China 2030, developing disease prevention guidelines and measures, and deepening efforts for popularization of health knowledge.