Textual Research on Principle of Dose Conversion in Ancient Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Due to the difference between the system of weights and measures， and the dosage of clinical prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine in various historical periods， the dosage and conversion standard of prescriptions in past dynasties are different. Therefore， when discounting the dosage of famous classical formulas， the principles of inheriting the essence， making the past serve the present， linking the past and the present， and forming a consensus should be followed， firstly， the dosage of the prescription was converted according to the weights and measures system of the past dynasties. If the converted dosage significantly exceeds the provisions of the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， then on the premise of ensuring that the proportion of the original prescription drug dosage remains unchanged， the conversion shall be based on expert consensus and drug safety evaluation. For drugs measured in non-standard units， a conversion range is provided based on comprehensive literature analysis and physical measurements. For the conversion of service volume， the original text was used as the basis for the conversion with reference to the measurement standards of different eras. If the original dosage is not clear， the converted dosage will be determined based on the historical evolution of the formula， referring to relevant ancient books， and combining modern applications. Eventually， the converting standard for famous classical formulas was determined as follows：during the Han and Tang dynasties， one Liang（两） was equivalent to 13.8 g and one Sheng（升） was equivalent to 200 mL， in the Tang dynasty， one Fen（分） was equivalent to 3.45 g， during the Song， Jin and Yuan dynasties， one Qian（钱） was equivalent to 4.13 g and one Zhan（盏） was equivalent to 300 mL， during the Ming and Qing dynasties， one Qian（钱） was equivalent to 3.73 g， and one Bei（杯） and one Zhong（盅） were equivalent to 200 mL. For drugs recorded in non-standard units of measurement， it is necessary to conduct actual measurements to determine their conversion standards based on comprehensive analysis to determine their origin. If necessary， different records of the dosage of drugs with the same or similar efficacy and indications in medical books of similar ages can be used to assist in determining the conversion standards. The analysis of the principle of dosage conversion for Chinese medicine is helpful for the clinical application and development of famous classical formulas.

Effect of LncRNA p21 regulating Hippo-YAP signaling pathway on formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm in mice and its mechanism / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of long non- coding RNA p21 (LncRNA p21) regulating Hippo- Yes-associated protein (Hippo-YAP) signaling pathway on the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in mice. Methods C57BL/6 ApoE

Clinical follow-up study of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical course and explore the risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative conversion duration （NCD） in asymptomatic and mild-symptomatic patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. MethodsClinical data were collected from 244 confirmed cases of corona virus disease （COVID-19） with Omicron variant infection admitted to a temporal makeshift hospital in Shanghai from April 9， 2022 to May 20， 2022. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed， with a primary focus on the time of COVID-19 nucleic acid conversion. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to determine identify risk factors associated with NCD. ResultsThe median duration of negative RNA conversion was 9 days （ranged 7‒12 days）. The percentage of patients with positive nucleic acid results on the 5th， 7th， 10th， and 14th days after confirmed infection was 68.4%， 47.1%， 20.1%， and 5.7%， respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves indicated a median nucleic acid conversion time of 12 days （ranged 10‒14 days） for patients with hypertension， 9 days （ranged 7‒11 days） in patients without hypertension， and 11 days （ranged 9‒13 days） for patients aged ≥60 years， and 9 days （ranged 7‒11 days） for patients aged <60 years. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that only hypertension was an independent risk factor of NCD （RR=1.60； 95% CI： 1.03‒2.49， P=0.036）. ConclusionIn asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients infected with the Omicron variant， 20.1% patients continue to exhibit positive viral nucleic acid on the 10th days of infection. The independent risk factor associated with the conversion of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid to negative is hypertension.

Usage and Dosage Analysis and Countermeasures for Development of Compound Preparations of Han Dynasty Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

In order to provide a reference basis for the development of relevant compound preparations， this article takes a comprehensive analysis of the usage and dosage of famous classical formulas in Han dynasty from various perspectives， and gives corresponding countermeasures on this basis. Through the comprehensive analysis of the classification and statistics of Zhongjing's medication characteristics， decoction methods， administration and dosage， and combining conversion methods of weights and measures by ancient medical practitioners， along with the dosage and administration of the listed Han dynasty famous classical formulas， it was found that the "Jiangxi method" served as a general guideline for administration according to Zhongjing's original text. This method allowed for flexible dosing based on the conversion of the ancient measurements to modern equivalents［13.8 g per Liang（两）］， ensuring the safe and effective medication of these formulas. After combing， it is found that although the dosage of single medicine is large in famous classical formulas from Han dynasty， the administration is flexible. The crude drug amount per administration serves as the foundational dose， with the frequency of administration adjusted flexibly according to the condition. This dosing approach becomes the key for the rational development of compound formulations of famous classical formulas. Based on the conclusions of the study， it is recommended that when developing compound formulations of famous classical formulas in Han dynasty， the original administration method and dosage should be respected. The original crude drug amount per administration should be considered as the daily foundational dose， with the frequency of administration described within a range（1 to N times per day， where N is the maximum number of administrations as per the original text）. The specific frequency of administration can be adjusted flexibly by clinical practitioners based on the individual condition. This approach should also be adopted in toxicological studies， where the dosage per administration serves as the basis for toxicity research， and the toxicity profile at the maximum administration frequency should be observed， providing guidance on the clinical safety range. Corresponding drug labels should provide information within a range to indicate toxicological risk intervals.

Application of ulnar nerve diameter changes examined by HRUS in patients with cubital tunnel syndrome / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the value of high-resolution ultrasound the diagnosis and prognosis of cubital tunnel syndrome.@*METHODS@#From January 2018 to June 2019, 47 patients with cubital tunnel syndrome were treated with ulnar nerve release and anterior subcutaneous transposition. There were 41 males and 6 females, aged from 27 to 73 years old. There were 31 cases on the right, 15 cases on the left, and 1 case on both sides. The diameter of ulnar nerve was measured by high-resolution ultrasound pre-and post-operatively, and measured directly during the operation. The recovery status of the patients was evaluated by the trial standard of ulnar nerve function assessment, and the satisfaction of the patients was assessed.@*RESULTS@#All the 47 cases were followed up for an average of 12 months and the incisions healed well. The diameter of ulnar nerve at the compression level was (0.16±0.04) cm pre-operatively, and the diameter of ulnar nerve was (0.23±0.04) cm post-operatively. The evaluation of ulnar nerve function:excellent in 16 cases, good in 18 cases and fair in 13 cases. Twelve months post-operatively, 28 patients were satisfied, 10 patients were general and 9 patients were dissatisfied.@*CONCLUSION@#The preoperative examination of ulnar nerve by high-resolution ultrasound is consistent with the intuitive measurement during operation, and the result of postoperative examination of ulnar nerve by high-resolution ultrasound is consistent with follow-up results. High-resolution ultrasound is an effective auxiliary method for the diagnosis and treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome.

Systematic review and Meta-analysis of Gusongbao preparation in treatment of primary osteoporosis / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to provide evidence for clinical practice by systematically reviewing the efficacy and safety of Gusongbao preparation in the treatment of primary osteoporosis(POP). The relevant papers were retrieved from four Chinese academic journal databases and four English academic journal databases(from inception to May 31, 2022). The randomized controlled trial(RCT) of Gusongbao preparation in the treatment of POP was included after screening according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of articles was evaluated using risk assessment tools, and the extracted data were subjected to Meta-analysis in RevMan 5.3. A total of 657 articles were retrieved, in which 15 articles were included in this study, which involved 16 RCTs. A total of 3 292 patients(1 071 in the observation group and 2 221 in the control group) were included in this study. In the treatment of POP, Gusongbao preparation+conventional treatment was superior to conventional treatment alone in terms of increasing lumbar spine(L2-L4) bone mineral density(MD=0.03, 95%CI[0.02, 0.04], P<0.000 01) and femoral neck bone mineral density, reducing low back pain(MD=-1.69, 95%CI[-2.46,-0.92], P<0.000 1) and improving clinical efficacy(RR=1.36, 95%CI[1.21, 1.53], P<0.000 01). Gusongbao preparation was comparable to similar Chinese patent medicines in terms of improving clinical efficacy(RR=0.95, 95%CI[0.86, 1.04], P=0.23). Gusongbao preparation was inferior to similar Chinese patent medicines in reducing traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores(MD=1.08, 95%CI[0.44, 1.71], P=0.000 9) and improving Chinese medicine syndrome efficacy(RR=0.89, 95%CI[0.83, 0.95], P=0.000 4). The incidence of adverse reactions of Gusongbao preparation alone or combined with conventio-nal treatment was comparable to that of similar Chinese patent medicines(RR=0.98, 95%CI[0.57, 1.69], P=0.94) or conventio-nal treatment(RR=0.73, 95%CI[0.38, 1.42], P=0.35), and the adverse reactions were mainly gastrointestinal discomforts. According to the available data, Gusongbao preparation combined with conventional treatment is more effective than conventional treatment alone in increasing lumbar spine(L2-L4) bone mineral density and femoral neck bone mineral density, reducing low back pain, and improving clinical efficacy. The adverse reactions of Gusongbao preparation were mainly gastrointestinal discomforts, which were mild.

Terpinen-4-ol inhibits proliferation of VSMCs exposed to high glucose via regulating KLF4/NF-κB signaling pathway / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to observe the effect of terpinen-4-ol(T4O) on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs) exposed to high glucose(HG) and reveal the mechanism via the Krüppel-like factor 4(KLF4)/nuclear factor kappaB(NF-κB) signaling pathway. The VSMCs were first incubated with T4O for 2 h and then cultured with HG for 48 h to establish the model of inflammatory injury. The proliferation, cell cycle, and migration rate of VSMCs were examined by MTT method, flow cytometry, and wound healing assay, respectively. The content of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin(IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) in the supernatant of VSMCs was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), Cyclin D1, KLF4, NF-κB p-p65/NF-κB p65, IL-1β, and IL-18. The KLF4 expression in VSMCs was silenced by the siRNA technology, and then the effects of T4O on the cell cycle and protein expression of the HG-induced VSMCs were observed. The results showed that different doses of T4O inhibited the HG-induced proliferation and migration of VSMCs, increased the percentage of cells in G_1 phase, and decreased the percentage of cells in S phase, and down-regulated the protein levels of PCNA and Cyclin D1. In addition, T4O reduced the HG-induced secretion and release of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α and down-regulated the expression of KLF4, NF-κB p-p65/NF-κB p65, IL-1β, and IL-18. Compared with si-NC+HG, siKLF4+HG increased the percentage of cells in G_1 phase, decreased the percentage of cells in S phase, down-regulated the expression of PCNA, Cyclin D1, and KLF4, and inhibited the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Notably, the combination of silencing KLF4 with T4O treatment further promoted the changes in the above indicators. The results indicate that T4O may inhibit the HG-induced proliferation and migration of VSMCs by down-regulating the level of KLF4 and inhibiting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway.

Advances on the production of organic acids by yeast / 生物工程学报

Organic acids are organic compounds that can be synthesized using biological systems. They often contain one or more low molecular weight acidic groups, such as carboxyl group and sulphonic group. Organic acids are widely used in food, agriculture, medicine, bio-based materials industry and other fields. Yeast has unique advantages of biosafety, strong stress resistance, wide substrate spectrum, convenient genetic transformation, and mature large-scale culture technology. Therefore, it is appealing to produce organic acids by yeast. However, challenges such as low concentration, many by-products and low fermentation efficiency still exist. With the development of yeast metabolic engineering and synthetic biology technology, rapid progress has been made in this field recently. Here we summarize the progress of biosynthesis of 11 organic acids by yeast. These organic acids include bulk carboxylic acids and high-value organic acids that can be produced naturally or heterologously. Finally, future prospects in this field were proposed.

A glass micropipette vacuum technique of cerebrospinal fluid sampling in C57BL/6 mice / 生理学报

The purpose of this study was to establish a suitable method for extracting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from C57BL/6 mice. A patch clamp electrode puller was used to draw a glass micropipette, and a brain stereotaxic device was used to fix the mouse's head at an angle of 135° from the body. Under a stereoscopic microscope, the skin and muscle tissue on the back of the mouse's head were separated, and the dura mater at the cerebellomedullary cistern was exposed. The glass micropipette (with an angle of 20° to 30° from the dura mater) was used to puncture at a point 1 mm inboard of Y-shaped dorsal vertebral artery for CSF sampling. After the first extraction, the glass micropipette was connected with a 1 mL sterile syringe to form a negative pressure device for the second extraction. The results showed that the successful rate of CSF extraction was 83.33% (30/36). Average CSF extraction amount was (7.16 ± 0.43) μL per mouse. In addition, C57BL/6 mice were given intranasally ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) to establish a model of brain iron accumulation, and the CSF extraction technique established in the present study was used for sampling. The results showed that iron content in the CSF from the normal saline control group was not detected, while the iron content in the CSF from FAC-treated group was (76.24 ± 38.53) μmol/L, and the difference was significant. These results suggest that glass micropipette vacuum technique of CSF sampling established in the present study has the advantages of simplicity, high success rate, large extraction volume, and low bleeding rate, and is suitable for the research on C57BL/6 mouse neurological disease models.

Current status on independent school health department in the centers for disease control and prevention across China / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the current status of main professional work in independent school health departments of Chinese centers for disease control and prevention, so as to provide reference and suggestions for the further development of school health work in China.@*Methods@#Electronic questionnaire was used to collect the basic work of school health, the monitoring work, the intervention action of common diseases and the development of health intervention among students in independent school health departments of centers for disease control and prevention in China.@*Results@#Among the 357 institutions that have set up independent school health departments, the implementation rates of school mental health work, safety emergency and risk avoidance health intervention were low, which were 11.8% and 11.5%, respectively. Relying on the project "national monitoring and intervention of common diseases and health influencing factors of students", the overall implementation of health monitoring in schools nationwide was successful, but the overall implementation rate of students nutritional status monitoring and "healthy parents action" were low, accounting for 44.5% and 24.4%, respectively. At the same time, there were still as many as 27.2% institutions that had not carried out the intervention action for common diseases of students which advocated in the monitoring program. The failure rate of county level institutions was higher than that of provincial level and prefecture level institutions, and the failure rate of the central and western institutions was much higher than that of the eastern institutions; the difference was statistically significant( χ 2=30.1, 41.6, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#We should increase support including policy preference, fund guarantee, technical guidance and so on for the school health work of disease control institutions at the grass roots level and in economically underdeveloped areas, so as to ensure the healthy growth of children and adolescents in all respects.

Clinical characteristics, ultrasonic diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of eosinophilic fasciitis: a retrospective single-center analysis of 45 cases / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the clinical features, laboratory and imaging results, treatment and outcomes of eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) and assess the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of EF.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 45 patients with EF treated in our center from January 1, 2006 to February 28, 2022. The consistency between the diagnoses of EF based on ultrasound and MRI findings was assessed.@*RESULTS@#In the 45 EF patients (male/female ratio 3.5:1), the age of onset ranged from 16 to 64 years with a mean disease course of 22.6 months. The average time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 16 months. The most common possible trigger of the disease was vigorous exercise (10/45), causing symmetrical lesions in the limbs, most commonly in the forearms (86.7%) and lower legs (80%). Clinical features of EF included subcutaneous swelling and induration (95.6%), arthralgia and arthritis (55.6%), groove sign (42.2%), hand joint contractures (42.2%), skin pigmentation (37.8%), and peau d'orange appearance (13.3%). Eosinophilia was found in 31 patients (68.9%). Hypergammaglobulinemia was seen in 23/44 (52.3%) and positive antinuclear antibodies in 9 (20%) of the patients. Twentyone of the patients were treated with high-dose methylprednisolone (≥200 mg daily for 3 to 5 consecutive days), and compared with the patients who did not receive this treatment, these patients more frequently experienced relapse before admission, had more extensive involvement, and had a higher rate of hypergammaglobulinemia without fever, but these differences were not statistically significant. Of the 31 patients (68.9%) with follow-up data (for a median of 3.2 years [range 0.2-15.9]), complete remission was achieved in 12 (38.7%) patients, and the accumulative complete remission rate was 44.1% at 5.5 years. No specific baseline characteristics or immunosuppressants were found to correlate with the treatment response. A total of 26 patients underwent both ultrasound and MRI examination, and the Kappa value of the diagnostic results between ultrasound and MRI was 0.91.@*CONCLUSION@#EF is characterized by symmetrical subcutaneous swelling and induration in the limbs, accompanied by eosinophilia and hypergammaglobulinemia. Glucocorticoid is effective for treating EF. Ultrasound examination can identify thickening of subcutaneous fascia for an early diagnosis of EF.

Hypoxia-induced ROS aggravate tumor progression through HIF-1α-SERPINE1 signaling in glioblastoma / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Hypoxia, as an important hallmark of the tumor microenvironment, is a major cause of oxidative stress and plays a central role in various malignant tumors, including glioblastoma. Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a hypoxic microenvironment promote glioblastoma progression; however, the underlying mechanism has not been clarified. Herein, we found that hypoxia promoted ROS production, and the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioblastoma cells, while this promotion was restrained by ROS scavengers N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI). Hypoxia-induced ROS activated hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling, which enhanced cell migration and invasion by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, the induction of serine protease inhibitor family E member 1 (SERPINE1) was ROS-dependent under hypoxia, and HIF-1α mediated SERPINE1 increase induced by ROS via binding to the SERPINE1 promoter region, thereby facilitating glioblastoma migration and invasion. Taken together, our data revealed that hypoxia-induced ROS reinforce the hypoxic adaptation of glioblastoma by driving the HIF-1α-SERPINE1 signaling pathway, and that targeting ROS may be a promising therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma.

Analysis on characteristic of stage Ⅰ occupational cement pneumoconiosis patients / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze the clinical and imaging characteristics of stage Ⅰ occupational cement pneumoconiosis patients. Methods: In October 2021, the data of patients with occupational cement pneumoconiosis diagnosed by the Third Hospital of Peking University from 2014 to 2020 were collected, and the data of the patients' initial exposure age, dust exposure duration, diagnosis age, incubation period, chest X-ray findings, lung function and other data were analyzed retrospectively. Spearman grade correlation was used for correlation analysis of grade count data. The influencing factors of lung function were analyzed by binary logistic regression. Results: A total of 107 patients were enrolled in the study. There were 80 male patients and 27 female patients. The inital exposure age was (26.2±7.7) years, the diagnosis age was (59.4±7.9) years, the dust exposure duration was (17.9±8.0) years, and the incubation period was (33.1±10.3) years. The initial dust exposure age and the dust exposure duration in female patients were less than those in men, and the incubation period was longer than that in men (P<0.05). The imaging analysis showed the small opacities as"pp"accounted for 54.2%. 82 patients (76.6%) had small opacities distributed in two lung areas. The lung areas distribution of small opacities in female patients was less than that in male patients (2.04±0.19 vs 2.41±0.69, P<0.001). There were 57 cases of normal pulmonary function, 41 cases of mild abnormality and 9 cases of moderate abnormality. The number of lung regions with small opacities on X-ray was the risk factor for abnormal lung function in cement pneumoconiosis patients (OR=2.491, 95%CI=1.197-5.183, P=0.015) . Conclusion: The patients with occupational cement pneumoconiosis had long dust exposure duration and incubation period, light imaging changes and pulmonary function damage. The abnormal lung function was related to the range of pulmonary involvement.

Protective effect of intervention with cannabinoid type-2 receptor agonist JWH133 on pulmonary fibrosis in mice / 中华内科杂志

Objective: JWH133, a cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonist, was tested for its ability to protect mice from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods: By using a random number generator, 24 C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into the control group, model group, JWH133 intervention group, and JWH133+a cannabinoid type-2 receptor antagonist (AM630) inhibitor group, with 6 mice in each group. A mouse pulmonary fibrosis model was established by tracheal instillation of bleomycin (5 mg/kg). Starting from the first day after modeling, the control group mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, and the model group mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. The JWH133 intervention group mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 ml of JWH133 (2.5 mg/kg, dissolved in physiological saline), and the JWH133+AM630 antagonistic group mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 ml of JWH133 (2.5 mg/kg) and AM630 (2.5 mg/kg). After 28 days, all mice were killed; the lung tissue was obtained, pathological changes were observed, and alveolar inflammation scores and Ashcroft scores were calculated. The content of type Ⅰ collagen in the lung tissue of the four groups of mice was measured using immunohistochemistry. The levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the serum of the four groups of mice were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the content of hydroxyproline (HYP) in the lung tissue of the four groups of mice was measured. Western blotting was used to measure the protein expression levels of type Ⅲ collagen, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2), phosphorylated P-ERK1/2 (P-ERK1/2), and phosphorylated ribosome S6 kinase type 1 (P-p90RSK) in the lung tissue of mice in the four groups. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression levels of collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ, and α-SMA mRNA in the lung tissue of the four groups of mice. Results: Compared with the control group, the pathological changes in the lung tissue of the model group mice worsened, with an increase in alveolar inflammation score (3.833±0.408 vs. 0.833±0.408, P<0.05), an increase in Ashcroft score (7.333±0.516 vs. 2.000±0.633, P<0.05), an increase in type Ⅰ collagen absorbance value (0.065±0.008 vs. 0.018±0.006, P<0.05), an increase in inflammatory cell infiltration, and an increase in hydroxyproline levels [(1.551±0.051) μg/mg vs. (0.974±0.060) μg/mg, P<0.05]. Compared with the model group, the JWH133 intervention group showed reduced pathological changes in lung tissue, decreased alveolar inflammation score (1.833±0.408, P<0.05), decreased Ashcroft score (4.167±0.753, P<0.05), decreased type Ⅰ collagen absorbance value (0.032±0.004, P<0.05), reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, and decreased hydroxyproline levels [(1.148±0.055) μg/mg, P<0.05]. Compared with the JWH133 intervention group, the JWH133+AM630 antagonistic group showed more severe pathological changes in the lung tissue of mice, increased alveolar inflammation score and Ashcroft score, increased type Ⅰ collagen absorbance value, increased inflammatory cell infiltration, and increased hydroxyproline levels. Compared with the control group, the expression of α-SMA, type Ⅲ collagen, P-ERK1/2, and P-p90RSK proteins in the lung tissue of the model group mice increased, while the expression of type Ⅰ collagen, type Ⅲ collagen, and α-SMA mRNA increased. Compared with the model group, the protein expression of α-SMA (relative expression 0.60±0.17 vs. 1.34±0.19, P<0.05), type Ⅲ collagen (relative expression 0.52±0.09 vs. 1.35±0.14, P<0.05), P-ERK1/2 (relative expression 0.32±0.11 vs. 1.14±0.14, P<0.05), and P-p90RSK (relative expression 0.43±0.14 vs. 1.15±0.07, P<0.05) decreased in the JWH133 intervention group. The type Ⅰ collagen mRNA (2.190±0.362 vs. 5.078±0.792, P<0.05), type Ⅲ collagen mRNA (1.750±0.290 vs. 4.935±0.456, P<0.05), and α-SMA mRNA (1.588±0.060 vs. 5.192±0.506, P<0.05) decreased. Compared with the JWH133 intervention group, the JWH133+AM630 antagonistic group increased the expression of α-SMA, type Ⅲ collagen, P-ERK1/2, and P-p90RSK protein in the lung tissue of mice, and increased the expression of type Ⅲ collagen and α-SMA mRNA. Conclusion: In mice with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, the cannabinoid type-2 receptor agonist JWH133 inhibited inflammation and improved extracellular matrix deposition, which alleviated lung fibrosis. The underlying mechanism of action may be related to the activation of the ERK1/2-RSK1 signaling pathway.

Prognostic analysis of children with Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia common genes / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To summarize the clinical data and prognosis of children with Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL) common genes. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study.Clinical data of 56 children with Ph-like ALL common gene cases (Ph-like ALL positive group) treated from January 2017 to January 2022 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Henan Cancer's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital were collected, 69 children with other high-risk B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) at the same time and the same age were selected as the negative group. The clinical characteristics and prognosis of two groups were analyzed retrospectively. Comparisons between groups were performed using Mann-Whitney U test and χ2 test. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival curve, Log-Rank test was used for univariate analysis, and the Cox regression model was used for multivariate prognosis analysis. Results: Among 56 Ph-like ALL positive patients, there were 30 males and 26 females, and 15 cases were over 10 years old. There were 69 patients in Ph-like ALL negative group. Compared with the negative group, the children in positive group were older (6.4 (4.2, 11.2) vs. 4.7 (2.8, 8.4) years), and hyperleukocytosis (≥50×109/L) was more common (25% (14/56) vs. 9% (6/69)), the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05). In the Ph-like ALL positive group, 32 cases were positive for IK6 (1 case was co-expressed with IK6 and EBF1-PDGFRB), 24 cases were IK6-negative, of which 9 cases were CRLF2 positive (including 2 cases with P2RY8-CRLF2, 7 cases with CRLF2 high expression), 5 cases were PDGFRB rearrangement, 4 cases were ABL1 rearrangement, 4 cases were JAK2 rearrangement, 1 case was ABL2 rearrangement and 1 case was EPOR rearrangement. The follow-up time of Ph-like ALL positive group was 22 (12, 40) months, and 32 (20, 45) months for negative group. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate of positive group was significantly lower than the negative group ((72±7) % vs. (86±5) %, χ2=4.59, P<0.05). Compared with the 24 IK6-negative patients, the 3-year event free survival (EFS) rate of 32 IK6 positive patients was higher, the difference was statistically significant ((88±9) % vs. (65±14) %, χ2=5.37, P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the bone marrow minimal residual disease (MRD) not turning negative at the end of first induction (HR=4.12, 95%CI 1.13-15.03) independent prognostic risk factor for patient with Ph-like ALL common genes. Conclusions: Children with Ph-like ALL common genes were older than other high-risk B-ALL patients at diagnosis, with high white blood cells and lower survival rate. The bone marrow MRD not turning negative at the end of first induction were independent prognostic risk factor for children with Ph-like ALL common gene.

A medium-and long-term comparative observation on volumetric changes of cervical disc herniation after symmetrically or asymmetrically decompression and conservative treatment for cervical spondylotic myelopathy / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To compare the volumetric changes of cervical disc herniation (CDH) after cervical microendoscopic laminoplasty(CMEL),expansive open-door laminoplasty (EOLP) and conservative treatment. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted involving 101 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy(CSM),at the Department of Orthopaedics,the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from April 2012 to April 2021. The patients included 52 males and 49 females with an age of (54.7±11.8) years(range:25 to 86 years). Among them, 35 patients accepted CMEL treatment,33 patients accepted EOLP treatment,while 33 patients accepted conservative treatment. Volume data of CDH were measured by three-dimensional analysis of the initial and follow-up MRI images. The absorption rate and reprotrusion rate of CDH were calculated. The happening of resorption or reprotrusion was defined when the ratio was greater than 5%. The clinical outcomes and quality of life were evaluated by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and the neck disability index (NDI).Quantitative data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA with post LSD-t test (multiple comparison) or Kruskal-Wallis test. Categorical data was analyzed by χ2test. Results: The follow-up time of the CMEL group,EOLP group and the conservative treatment group were (27.6±18.8)months,(21.6±6.9)months and(24.9±16.3)months respectively with no significant difference(P>0.05). Changes of CDH volume in patients:(1) There were 96 CDH of 35 patients in the CMEL group,among which 78 showed absorption. The absorption frequency was 81.3%(78/96) and the absorption rate was ranged 5.9% to 90.9%;9 CDH showed reprotrusion,the reprotrusion frequency was 9.4% (9/96) and the reprotrusion rate was 5.9% to 13.3%;(2) There were 94 CDH of 33 patients in the EOLP group,of which 45 showed absorption. The absorption prevalence was 47.9% (45/94) and the absorption rate was 5.0% to 26.7%;20 CDH showed reprotruded,with the reprotrusion frequency of 21.3% (20/94) and the reprotrusion rate was 5.8% to 28.3%;(3) There were 102 CDH in 33 patients of the conservative group. Among them, 5 showed absorption. The absorption frequency was 4.9% (5/102),and the absorption rate was 7.2% to 14.3%;58 CDH showed reprotruded with the re-protrusion ratio of 56.9% (58/102) and the re-protrusion rate was 5.4% to 174.1%. The absorption ratio and reprotrusion ratio of the CMEL group were statistically different from EOLP group or the conservative group (P<0.01).The absorption ratio and reprotrusion ratio of the EOLP group was different from conservative group (P<0.01). In terms of clinical outcomes, the excellent/good rate of the JOA score and NDI scores in the CMEL group were different from that of conservative group (P<0.01) but not from that of the EOLP group(P>0.05). Conclusions: CMEL is an effective method for the treatment of CSM,making CDH easier to resorption compared to the EOLP or conservative treatment,thus making a better decompression effect on the nerves. This study enlightened on a new strategy for the clinical treatment of CSM.

Clinicopathological features of fibrin-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a report of six cases / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinical, pathological and immunophenotypic features, molecular biology and prognosis of fibrin-associated large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL-FA) in various sites. Methods: Six cases of LBCL-FA diagnosed from April 2016 to November 2021 at the Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China and the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China were collected. The cases were divided into atrial myxoma and cyst-related groups. Clinical characteristics, pathological morphology, immunophenotype, Epstein Barr virus infection status, B-cell gene rearrangement and fluorescence in situ hybridization of MYC, bcl-2, bcl-6 were summarized. Results: The patients' mean age was 60 years. All of them were male. Three cases occurred in atrial myxoma background, while the others were in cyst-related background, including adrenal gland, abdominal cavity and subdura. All cases showed tumor cells located in pink fibrin clot. However, three cyst-related cases showed the cyst wall with obviously fibrosis and inflammatory cells. All cases tested were non germinal center B cell origin, positive for PD-L1, EBER and EBNA2, and were negative for MYC, bcl-2 and bcl-6 rearrangements, except one case with MYC, bcl-2 and bcl-6 amplification. All of the 5 cases showed monoclonal rearrangement of the Ig gene using PCR based analysis. The patients had detailed follow-ups of 9-120 months, were treated surgically without radiotherapy or chemotherapy, and had long-term disease-free survivals. Conclusions: LBCL-FA is a group of rare diseases occurring in various sites, with predilection in the context of atrial myxoma and cyst-related lesions. Cyst-related lesions with obvious chronic inflammatory background show more scarcity of lymphoid cells and obvious degeneration, which are easy to be missed or misdiagnosed. LBCL-FA overall has a good prognosis with the potential for cure by surgery alone and postoperative chemotherapy may not be necessary.

Study of the urban-impact on microbial communities and their virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genomes in the Nandu River, Haikou / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To explore the changes in bacterial community structure, antibiotic resistance genome, and pathogen virulence genome in river water before and after the river flowing through Haikou City and their transmission and dispersal patterns and to reveal anthropogenic disturbance's effects on microorganisms and resistance genes in the aquatic environment. Methods: The Nandu River was divided into three study areas: the front, middle and rear sections from the upstream before it flowed through Haikou City to the estuary. Three sampling sites were selected in each area, and six copies of the sample were collected in parallel at each site and mixed for 3 L per sample. Microbial community structure, antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, and mobile genetic elements were analyzed through bioinformatic data obtained by metagenomic sequencing and full-length sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Variations in the distribution of bacterial communities between samples and correlation of transmission patterns were analyzed by principal co-ordinates analysis, procrustes analysis, and Mantel test. Results: As the river flowed through Haikou City, microbes' alpha diversity gradually decreased. Among them, Proteobacteria dominates in the bacterial community in the front, middle, and rear sections, and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the middle and rear sections was higher than that in the front segment. The diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors, and mobile genetic elements were all at low levels in the front section and all increased significantly after flow through Haikou City. At the same time, horizontal transmission mediated by mobile genetic elements played a more significant role in the spread of antibiotic-resistance genes and virulence factors. Conclusions: Urbanization significantly impacts river bacteria and the resistance genes, virulence factors, and mobile genetic elements they carry. The Nandu River in Haikou flows through the city, receiving antibiotic-resistant and pathogen-associated bacteria excreted by the population. In contrast, antibiotic-resistant genes and virulence factors are enriched in bacteria, which indicates a threat to environmental health and public health. Comparison of river microbiomes and antibiotic resistance genomes before and after flow through cities is a valuable early warning indicator for monitoring the spread of antibiotic resistance.

Analysis of the vaccination status of enterovirus type 71 inactivated vaccine in China from 2017 to 2021 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the vaccination status of enterovirus type 71 (EV71) inactivated vaccines in China from 2017 to 2021 and provide evidence for making policy on immunization strategy against hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Methods: Using the reported dose number of EV71 vaccination and birth cohort population data collected by the China immunizaiton program information system to estimate the cumulative coverage of EV71 vaccine by the end of 2021 among the birth cohorts since 2012 at national, provincial, and prefecture levels, and analyze the correlation between the vaccination coverage and the potential influencing factors. Results: As of 2021, the estimated cumulative vaccination coverage of the EV71 vaccine was 24.96% in birth cohorts since 2012. The cumulative vaccination coverage was between 3.09% and 56.59% in different provinces, between 0 and 88.17% in different prefectures. There was a statistically significant correlation between vaccination coverage in different regions and the region's previous HFMD prevalence and disposable income per capita. Conclusions: Since 2017, the EV71 vaccines have been widely used nationwide, but the coverage of EV71 vaccination varies greatly among regions. Vaccination coverage is higher in relatively developed regions, and the intensity of previous epidemic of HFMD may have a certain impact on the acceptance of the vaccine and the pattern of immunization service. The impact of EV71 vaccination on the epidemic of HFMD requires further studies.

Relationship between home literacy environment and emotional regulation in children: the mediating effect of the parent-child relationship / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the impact of the home literacy environment on children's emotional regulation skills and the mediating role of the parent-child relationship between them.@*METHODS@#A stratified cluster sampling approach was employed to select 1 626 preschool children from five kindergartens in Nanjing. Questionnaires were used to collect detailed information on the home literacy environment, children's emotional regulation skills, and the parent-child relationship. A mediation model was established using the Process program in SPSS macro, and the significance of the mediation effect was tested using the Bootstrap method.@*RESULTS@#The findings revealed a positive correlation between the home literacy environment and children's emotional regulation skills (r=0.217, P<0.001), as well as parent-child intimacy (r=0.065, P<0.01). Conversely, a negative correlation was found between the home literacy environment and parent-child conflict (r=-0.129, P<0.001). Additionally, parent-child conflict demonstrated a negative correlation with children's emotional regulation skills (r=-0.443, P<0.001), while parent-child intimacy exhibited a positive correlation (r=0.247, P<0.001). The home literacy environment exerted a significant direct effect on children's emotional regulation skills (β=0.162, P<0.001), and the mediating effect of the parent-child relationship accounted for 25.54% of the total effect.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The home literacy environment significantly influences children's emotional regulation skills, with the parent-child relationship partially mediating this relationship.