A preliminary pharmacophylogenetic study of Solanaceae medicinal plants containing tropane alkaloids / 中国中药杂志

The Solanaceae plants distributed in China belong to 105 species and 35 varietas of 24 genera. Some medicinal plants of Solanaceae are rich in tropane alkaloids(TAs), which have significant pharmacological activities. In this paper, the geographical distribution, chemical components, traditional therapeutic effect, pharmacological activities, and biosynthetic pathways of TAs in Solanaceous plants were summarized. Besides, the phylogeny of medicinal plants belonging to Solanaceae was visualized by network diagram. Fourteen genera of Solanaceae plants in China contain TAs and have medical records. TAs mainly exist in Datura, Anisodus, Atropa, Physochlaina, and Hyoscyamus. The TAs-containing species were mainly concentrated in Southwest China, and the content of TAs was closely related to plant distribution area and altitude. The Solanaceae plants containing TAs mainly have antispasmodic, analgesic, antiasthmatic, and antitussive effects. Modern pharmacological studies have proved the central sedative, pupil dilating, glandular secretion-inhibiting, and anti-asthma activities of TAs. These pharmacological activities provide a reasonable explanation for the traditional therapeutic efficacy of tropane drugs. In this paper, the geographical distribution, chemical components, traditional therapeutic effect, and modern pharmacological activities of TAs-containing species in Solanaceae were analyzed for the first time. Based on these data, the genetic relationship of TAs-containing Solanaceae species was preliminarily discussed, which provided a scientific basis for the basic research on TAs-containing solanaceous species and was of great significance for the development of natural medicinal plant resources containing TAs.

Severe hypothyroidism after orthognathic surgery: a case report / 华西口腔医学杂志

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disease with reduced systemic metabolism, but the initial diagnosis is rare in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Due to the nonspecific symptoms, it is easy to be misdiagnosed and missed diagnosis which results in serious consequences. This paper presents a case of severe hypothyroidism which was characterized by airway obstruction, facial swelling, unexplained anaemia and bipedal edema after orthognathic surgery. With review of relevant literatures, this article discusses the risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis and therapy of hypothyroidism.

Generality of structure-activity relationship of deoxylations of the sugar moiety in SGLT2 inhibitors / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the generality of the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of 3-deoxylation and 6-deoxylation of the sugar moiety in SGLT2 inhibitors. METHODS: Based on the earlier study, 3-deoxycanagliflozin (compound 5), 6-deoxyipra-gliflozin (compound 6), 6-deoxyempagliflozin (compound 7) and 3-deoxyempagliflozin(compound 8) were synthesized and evaluated by in vitro hSGLT2 and hSGLT1 inhibitory assay. RESULTS: The deoxylated SGLT2 inhibitors were synthesized from their corresponding aryl halides 9a-9c and 3-/6-deoxylated perbenzylated gluconolactones 11a-11b. In vitro hSGLT2 and hSGLT1 inhibitory assay showed that compounds 5 and 8 almost lost SGLT2 inhibitory activity, while compounds 6 and 7 exhibited similar activities to their corresponding parent compounds. CONCLUSION: It seems a general rule that 6-deoxylation of the sugar moiety in SGLT2 inhibitors has no effect on the SGLT2 inhibitory activity, whereas the effect of 3-deoxylation on SGLT2 inhibitory activity depends on the structures of the specific SGLT2 inhibitors, which does not show a universal rule.

Genotype and function analyses of four inherited dysfibrinogenemia pedigree caused by Arg16 amino acid substitution in fibrinogen Aα chain / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the phenotype, genotype and function in four Chinese pedigrees with inherited dysfibrinogenemia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Routing tests including activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), reptilase time (RT), the activities of antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC) and protein S (PS) were detected in four pedigrees. The activity and antigen of plasma fibrinogen were analyzed by Clauss and immunoturbidimetry methods, respectively. The molecular weight of fibrinogen of four probands was assessed by Western blot. The function of abnormal fibrinogen was evaluated by fibrinogen clottability, fibrinogen dynamic polymerization and fibrinolysis velocity, respectively. The sequences of all the exons and exon-intron boundaries of the three fibrinogen genes were amplified by PCR and analyzed by direct sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Four probands had prolonged TT and RT, reduced plasma fibrinogen activity levels and normal antigen levels. The assays of Western blot showed no abnormal molecular weight of fibrinogen. Function tests revealed reduced fibrinogen clottability, delayed and decreased fibrinogen dynamic polymerization and reduced fibrinolysis velocity. Aα chain Arg16His and Arg16Cys mutations were identified in the four probands, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The four probands with dysfibrinogenemia were caused by the mutations of Aα chain Arg16His or Arg16Cys. Mutation of the fibrinogen induced dysfunction of plasma fibrinogen.</p>

Phenotype and genotype analysis of two Chinese pedigrees with type 3 von Willebrand diseases / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the phenotype and genotype of two Chinese pedigrees with von Willebrand diseases, and to investigate the molecular pathogenesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bleeding time (BT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation (RIPA), von Willebrand factor-ristocetin cofactor (vWF:Rco), von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag), von Willebrand factor activity (vWF:A), von Willebrand factor collagen binding assay (vWF:CB) and multimer analysis were used for phenotype diagnosis. DNA was extracted. All of the 52 exons and exon-intron bounda ries of the VWF gene were amplified with polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and analyzed by direct sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>APTT and BT were prolonged. Plasma RIPA, vWF:Rco, vWF:Ag, vWF:A and vWF:CB was significantly decreased. No VWF multimer can be found by plasma VWF multimer analysis. Homozygous insertional mutation g.82888_82889insCATG in exon 17 was found in proband A. Compound heterozygous mutations g.94865 G to A (Trp856stop) in exon 20 and g.110698_110699delinsG in exon 28 were found in proband B.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Homozygous insertional mutation g.82888_82889insCATG and compound heterozygous mutations g.94865G to A(Trp856X) and g.110698_110699delinsG probably have respectively induced type 3 von Willebrand diseases in the two probands.</p>