Effects of electro-scalp acupuncture on inflammatory response and microglial polarization in the ischemic cortex of rats with ischemic stroke / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of electro-scalp acupuncture （ESA） on the expression of microglial markers CD206 and CD32, as well as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-10 in the ischemic cortex of rats with ischemic stroke, and to explore the mechanisms of ESA on alleviating inflammatory damage of ischemic stroke.@*METHODS@#Sixty 7-week-old male SD rats were randomly selected, with 15 rats assigned to a sham surgery group. The remaining rats were treated with suture method to establish rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The rats with successful model were randomly divided into a model group, a VitD3 group, and an ESA group, with 15 rats in each group. In the ESA group, ESA was performed bilaterally at the "top-temporal anterior oblique line" with disperse-dense wave, a frequency of 2 Hz/100 Hz, and an intensity of 1 mA. Each session lasted for 30 min, once daily, for a total of 7 days. The VitD3 group were treated with intragastric administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-VitD3) solution (3 ng/100 g), once daily for 7 days. The neurological deficit scores and neurobehavioral scores were assessed before and after the intervention. After the intervention, the brain infarct volume was evaluated using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Immunofluorescence double staining was performed to detect the protein expression of CD32 and CD206 in the ischemic cortex. Western blot analysis was conducted to measure the protein expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-10 in the ischemic cortex.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the sham surgery group, the model group showed increased neurological deficit scores and neurobehavioral scores (P<0.01), increased brain infarct volume (P<0.01), increased protein expression of CD32, IL-6, and IL-1β in the ischemic cortex (P<0.01), and decreased protein expression of CD206 and IL-10 in the ischemic cortex (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, both the ESA group and the VitD3 group showed decreased neurological deficit scores and neurobehavioral scores (P<0.01), reduced brain infarct volume (P<0.01), decreased protein expression of CD32, IL-6, and IL-1β in the ischemic cortex (P<0.01), and increased protein expression of CD206 and IL-10 in the ischemic cortex (P<0.01). Compared with the VitD3 group, the ESA group had lower neurological deficit score (P<0.05), larger brain infarct volume (P< 0.05), and lower protein expression of CD32, CD206, IL-1β, and IL-10 in the ischemic cortex (P<0.01, P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#ESA could improve neurological function in MCAO rats, and its mechanism may be related to promoting microglial M1-to-M2 polarization and alleviating inflammatory damage.

Exploration and practice of physician-pharmacist joint clinic service / 中华医院管理杂志

In order to expand the breadth and depth of pharmaceutical services, in March 2022, a tertiary hospital opened a physician-pharmacist joint clinic based on clinical specialty clinics. The hospital formulated a fixed outpatient scheduling system, clarified service targets, established outpatient treatment processes and quality management systems, and standardized pharmacist communication models, to provide patients with " one-stop" standardized pharmaceutical services. As of December 2022, the pharmaceutical joint outpatient service had opened more than 100 consultations and served 1 709 patients. This practice provided reference for promoting the high-quality development of pharmaceutical services in medical institutions in China.

Rapid Health Technology Assessment of the Efficacy,Safety and Economics of Empagliflozin in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus / 医药导报

Objective To rapidly evaluate the efficacy,safety and economics of empagliflozin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and to provide evidence-based medical evidence for clinical decision.Methods PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library,CNKI,Wangfang,VIP database and major health technology assessment(HTA)websites were searched from the construction of the databases to Nov 30th,2022.Two researchers independently screened,extracted the data,evaluated the quality and analyzed the results according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results A total of 23 literatures were included,including 3 HTA reports,10 systematic review/Meta-analyses and 10 pharmacoeconomic studies.The results of efficacy showed that empagliflozin reduced HbA1c,blood pressure,body weight and all-cause mortality compared with the control group.Safety studies showed that empagliflozin was generally well tolerated,and significantly reduced MACEs and the relative risk of the renal primary outcomes,but increased the risk of genital infections and electrolyte abnormality compared with placebo and other oral antidiabetic drugs.The economic evaluation results showed that empagliflozin was more cost-effective in high risk patients with comorbid cardiovascular or kidney disease.Conclusion Empagliflozin is effective and safe in the treatment of T2DM,but the pharmacoeconomic studies focusing on chinese populations are urgently needed.

An efficient marker-free genome editing method for Aspergillus niger / 生物工程学报

Aspergillus niger is an important industrial strain which has been widely used for production of enzymes and organic acids. Genome modification of A. niger is required to further improve its potential for industrial production. CRISPR/Cas9 is a widely used genome editing technique for A. niger, but its application in industrial strains modification is hampered by the need for integration of a selection marker into the genome or low gene editing efficiency. Here we report a highly efficient marker-free genome editing method for A. niger based on CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Firstly, we constructed a co-expression plasmid of sgRNA and Cas9 with a replication initiation region fragment AMA1 (autonomously maintained in Aspergillus) by using 5S rRNA promoter which improved sgRNA expression. Meanwhile, a strain deficient in non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) was developed by knocking out the kusA gene. Finally, we took advantage of the instability of plasmid containing AMA1 fragment to cure the co-expression plasmid containing sgRNA and Cas9 through passaging on non-selective plate. With this method, the efficiency of gene editing reached 100% when using maker-free donor DNA with a short homologous arm of 20 bp. This method may facilitate investigation of gene functions and construction of cell factories for A. niger.

Overview of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in combination with other detection techniques / 药学实践杂志

As an increasingly mature analytical technique, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has the ability to identify, detect, and even quantitatively measure many single substances in nature. However, in the actual sample analysis, the tested samples were often a mixed system of various substances, and it was impossible to accurately characterize the components of the mixed system only by relying on SERS technology. Therefore, SERS combined with other techniques to accurately determine the measured substances has become an inevitable trend. Through the combination, the deficiency of SERS in detection and characterization was improved, and the purpose of efficient, sensitive and accurate determination of substances to be measured was achieved.

Practice of Clinical Pharmacists Participating in One Case of Allergic Reactions Induced by Oxaliplatin / 中国药师

According to the mechanism , reasons, clinical characteristics and treatment principle of oxaliplatin-induced allergic re-actions ( DHRs) and combined with the specific situation of the patient , clinical pharmacists provided suggestions for the reuse of oxali-platin in one case of DHRs patient .The causes of allergic reactions were confirmed through the analysis , and the comprehensive drug prevention and pretreatment and pharmaceutical care were provided for doctors resulting in successful completion of oxaliplatin chemo -therapy without drug withdrawal .

Pharmaceutical Care for One Patient with Early Stage Breast Cancer Secondary Osteoporosis Treated with Letrozole / 中国药师

Objective:To explore the pharmaceutical care approaches for the patients with early breast cancer secondary osteoporo-sis treated with letrozole. Methods:A patient with early breast cancer treated with letrozole in long-term faced the high risk of second-ary osteoporosis and led to fracture. How to reduce the risk of fractures by using drugs was the breakthrough point of clinical pharma-cists, and then, individualized pharmaceutical care was performed. Results: The patient was assessed at high risk of fractures in 10 years, and clinical pharmacists assisted doctors to optimize drug therapy, and carried out long-term follow-up education to the patient. The waist pain of the patient disappeared in six months. Conclusion: For early breast cancer patients treated with letrozole, clinical pharmacists should consider the diet and living habits of the patients, assess the fracture risk in 10 years, adjust individual dose of cal-cium and vitamin D3 , choose appropriate bone absorption inhibitors and endocrine treatment, and perform follow-up for the long-term treatment compliance of the patients.

Analysis on Pharmacotherapy for One Case of Cervical Cancer Patient with Renal Insufficiency and Hyperuricemia / 中国药师

Objective: To provide the methods and evidence for the treatment of patients with renal insufficiency and hyperuricemia, and explore the key points of work for clinical pharmacists.Methods: By participating in the treatment of one case of cervical cancer complicated with renal insufficiency and hyperuricemia, clinical pharmacist helped physician choose appropriate drugs and dosage, and monitored the patient with pharmaceutical care.Results: After the treatment, the blood uric acid decreased and renal function returned to normal, and the chemotherapy was completed successfully without obvious side effects.Conclusion: Clinical pharmacists participating in making individual therapeutic scheme can provide safe and effective medication care for patients and reduce adverse reactions.

Anti-infection Therapy Analysis for One Lung Cancer Patient with Febrile Neutropenia after Chemothera-py / 中国药师

Objective:To analyze the anti-infection therapy for one lung cancer patient with agranulocytosis and fever after chemo-therapy to provide pharmaceutical care and support for the rational anti-infection drug use in the patient. Methods: Clinical pharma-cists analyzed the drugs used in the patient and provided pharmaceutical care for doctors according to the examination results and diag-nosis of the patient. Results:By participating in the treatment plan, clinical pharmacists ensured the treatment for the patient was safe and effective. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists should assist doctors in making out the treatment plan according to patients’ situation in order to promote rational drug use in clinics and reflect the value of pharmaceutical care.

Application of LBL, PBL and PLTL Teaching Methods in Clinical Pharmacist Training / 中国药师

Objective:To improve the teaching quality of in-service clinical pharmacist training. Methods:According to the traits of in-service pharmacists and teaching methods, combined with problem-based learning ( PBL), peer-led team learning(PLTL) and lecture-based learning ( LBL) , a standard teaching mode for in-service clinical pharmacists was explored and established. Results:The teaching mode could not only improve the study enthusiasm of students, but also let them master the study methods, and team co-operation consciousness was strengthened. Conclusion:An integrated teaching mode of LBL, PBL and PLTL has a good teaching effect on clinical pharmacist training.

Effect of kang naoxueshuan tablet on protecting ischemic brain injury in rats / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the protective effect of Kang Naoxueshuan Tablet (KNT) on ischemic brain injury in rats, and explore its possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rats were administrated with KNT twice per day for successive 14 days. Rat model of acute focal cerebral ischemia was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with a nylon suture inserted through the right internal carotid artery to occlude the beginning of middle cerebral artery. After 24 hrs MCAO, the neurological deficit and the volume of cerebral infarct were observed, and the effect of KNT on the thrombosis of rats in vitro, platelet aggregation and blood viscosity were also determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>KNT could alleviate volume of cerebral infarct caused by focal cerebral ischemia in a dose-dependent manner and improve neurological symptoms. The volume of cerebral infarct was 11. 18 +/- 3. 35% , 14. 60 +/- 7.00% and 15. 37 +/- 7. 21% in the high, middle and low-dose groups, respectively, and they were decreased 59. 36% , 46. 93% and 44. 13% than that in the model group 27. 51 +/- 4. 71% (P <0. 01 ). The wet and dry weigh of thrombosis in vitro of the three different dose groups were significantly decreased, and they were significantly different than that of the model group (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). KNT could significantly inhibit platelet aggregation induced by ADP and decrease blood viscosity, but it had no effect on plasma viscosity and hematocrit.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>KNT has significant protective effect on ischemia, the mechanism is relateed to the improvement of blood viscosity and inhibiti on of platelet aggregation. But the exact mechanisms need to be probed into deeply.</p>

Detection Significance of Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Ⅰ,Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia / 实用儿科临床杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the detection significance of insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I),IGF-binding protein-3(IGFBP-3) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL).MethodsSerum samples were obtained from 30 ALL children without any medication;serum control samples were obtained from 30 cases of healthy children.There were no significant differences of body weight,age and sex between 2 groups.All children had no case history of liver,kidney,malnutrition and endocrine system disease.IGF-Ⅰ was determined by radioimmunoassay kit.IGFBP-3 was determined by immunoradiometric kit.The data were analyzed with SPSS 11.0 software.ResultsThe level of IGF-Ⅰ in ALL group [(18.95?4.02)?106 g/L] was significantly lower than that in control group [(34.12?7.86)?106 g/L](t =9.412P