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Objective:To explore the annexin A2 (ANXA2) expression and distribution in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after chronic compression of DRG (CCD) in rat models.Methods:One hundred and two adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group ( n=24), CCD model group A (7 d after modeling, n=30), CCD model group B (14 d after modeling, n=24), and CCD model group D (28 d after modeling, n=24). Rats in the later 3 groups were established CCD models with the help of "U" rod screw. Mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal radiation paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured by mechanical pain stimulator and thermal pain stimulator. The ANXA2 protein expression in the DRG was detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. The distributions of ANXA2 and class III β-tubulin (TUBB3) positive cells in DRG were detected by immunofluorescence double staining. Results:As compared with those in the control group, MWT and TWL in the CCD model group A and CCD model group B were significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Western blotting showed that ANXA2 protein expression in the DRG of CCD model group A was statistically increased as compared with that in the control group ( P<0.05). Immunofluorescent staining showed that the immunoreactivity of ANXA2 in DRG of CCD model group A was enhanced as compared with that in control group. Immunofluorescence double staining showed that ANXA2 was mainly expressed in the cell membrane of neurons in the DRG of CCD model group A. Conclusion:The mechanical and thermal pain thresholds are decreased, while the ANXA2 protein expression at the pressure side of DRG is up-regulated and the immunoreactivity is increased in CCD models; ANXA2 may be involved in the occurrence and development of pathological neuralgia after CCD.
RESUMEN
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of different acupuncture depths of Lianquan (CV 23) for dysphagia after stroke.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and fifty-one patients with dysphagia after stroke were randomly divided into a deep acupuncture group (group A, 85 cases) a shallow acupuncture group (group B, 83 cases) and a glossopharyngeum acupuncture group (group C, 83 cases). Based on the conventional treatment, the glossopharyngeum acupuncture which was pricking without needles retained at lingual surface, posterior pharyngeal wall of the affected side, Jinjin (EX-HN 12) and Yuye (EX-HN 13) was used in the three groups. After the glossopharyngeum acupuncture, Lianquan (CV 23) was acupunctured 60-70 mm in the group A and 30-40 mm in the group B. The needles were all retained for 30 min. The treatment was applied once a day for 30 days in the three groups. Water swallowing test evaluation scale was observed before and after treatment, and the efficacy was assessed in the three groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 95.3% (81/85) in the group A, which was better than 85.5% (71/83) in the group B and 83.1% (69/83) in the group C (both P < 0.05). The water swallowing test scores were decreased apparently in the three groups (all P < 0.01), and scores in the group A were the most obvious decline (P < 0.01). The decrease of scores in the group A was more remarkable than those in the group B and the group C after two weeks of treatment (both P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture at Lianquan (CV 23) can effectively improve the dysphagia after stroke. The acupuncture depth can affect efficacy and the effect of deep acupuncture is better.</p>