Chemical constituents of fresh celery / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of the whole plant of fresh celery (Apium graveolens).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS column chromatography, PTLC, HPLC, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral evidences.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Twenty compounds were obtained and identified as falcariondiol (1), (9Z) 1,9-heptadecadiene-4,6-diyne-3,8,11-triol (2), oplopandiol (3), bergapten (4), 5,8-dimethoxy psoralen (5), isofraxidin (6), eugenic acid (7), trans-ferulic acid (8), trans-cinnamic acid (9), p-hydroxyphenylethanol ferulate (10), caffeoylquinic acid (11), 5-p-trans-coumaroylquinic acid (12), sedanolide (13), lunularin (14), lunularic acid (15), 2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenol)-propane-1,3-diol (16), D-allitol (17), beta-sitosterol (18), benzolic acid (19), succinic acid (20).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 2, 3, 6, 10, 12, 14-17 were isolated from genus Apium for the first time.</p>

Optimized preparation of dry powder inhalation of Rehmannia glutinosa oligosaccharides by central composite design and response surface method / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To optimize the formulation of dry powder inhalation of Rehmannia glutinosa oligosaccharides (RGOS-DPI) extracted from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>RGOS-DPI was prepared by spray drying technique. Dependent variables such as yield, moisture absorption rate, emptying rate and mean diameter of micropowder were transformed into desirabilities mathematically by Hassan's method. Overall desirability was calculated from the geometric mean of the four desirabilities of each formulation. The effects of influence factors such as the inlet temperature, the contents of mannitol in the total amount of adjuvant and solution density were investigated using central composite design and response surface method. The data of overall desirability were analyzed using multi-linear equation and second-order polynomial equation for selecting the optimal conditions for DPI preparation.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The method of second-order polynomial equation was superior to multi-linear equation method in view of the correlation coefficients. Under the optimal conditions, the yield, moisture absorption rate, emptying rate and mean diameter of the RGOS-DPI were 78.60%, 5.93%, 94.20% and 2.537 microm, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The central composite design can be used to optimize preparation. The optimized process for RGOS-DPI preparation is stable and feasible. The diameter of micropowder is suitable which can meet the demands of pulmonary delivery.</p>