Deepening the Action on Salt Reduction in China-suggestions on strategy and implementation plan / 中华预防医学杂志

Excessive sodium/salt intake is the leading dietary risk factor for the loss of healthy life in the Chinese population. The "Healthy China 2030" Action Plan set the goal of reducing salt intake by 20% by 2030. However, salt intake in China is still at a very high level in the world, with adults reaching 11 g/d, more than twice the recommended limit of 5 g/d. The current policies and action plans of China have targeted catering workers, children, adolescents, and home chefs in salt, oil, and sugar reduction actions. However, there are still obvious deficiencies in the coordinated promotion and implementation. This study, therefore, proposed a set of comprehensive strategies (named CHRPS that is composed of communication and education, salt reduction in home cooking, salt reduction in restaurants, reducing salt content in pre-packaged food, and surveillance and evaluation) and key implementation points for further deepening the salt reduction action in China. These strategies were developed based on the main sources of dietary sodium for Chinese residents, the status of "knowledge, attitude and practice" in salt reduction, evidence of effective intervention measures, existing policies and requirements, and the salt reduction strategies of the World Health Organization and experience from some other countries. As a scientific reference, the CHRPS strategies will help the government and relevant organizations quickly implement salt reduction work and facilitate the earlier realization of China's salt reduction goal.

Prevention and treatment of stroke in China: The status and future / 第二军医大学学报

Stroke is the first cause of death in China, with high disability and causing serious economic burden to the society and families. Moreover it is one of the most important reasons for returning to poverty due to illness. Investigation shows that the awareness of active treatment and control for various risk factors of cerebrovascular disease is increasing in China. With the development of stroke diagnosis and treatment technology, the mortality of patients with severe stroke is reducing. However, there is still a long way to go to curb the rapid increase of stroke incidence and to reduce the mortality of stroke.

Observation of IL-17 levels of perioperative period in congenital heart disease patients with pulmonary hypertension / 天津医药

Objective To discuss the changes and significance of interleukin-17 (IL-17) in perioperative period of congenital heart disease patients with pulmonary hypertension. Methods A total of forty patients with congenital heart disease underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were included in this study. According to the pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), patients were divided into non-pulmonary hypertension group (group Ⅰ, PASP < 30 mmHg) and pulmonary hypertension group (groupⅡ, PASP≥30 mmHg). Blood samples were taken before anesthesia (T1), start CPB (T2), 30 min after CPB (T3), 6 h (T4), 24 h (T5) and 7 d (T6) after operation. The concentration of IL-17 was detected by ELISA. Arterial oxygen partial pressure [p(O2)] and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure [p(CO2)] during the first five time points were recorded. Oxygen index (OI) and alveolar arterial oxygen tension difference (AaDO2) were calculated. Results The plasma IL-17 levels in perioperative period were significantly higher in group Ⅱ than those of group Ⅰ (P < 0.05). The highest concentration of IL-17 emerged at T3, then decreased gradually in both groups. At this time point, the OI decreased, and AaDO2 increased significantly in both groups. Compared with groupⅠ, the OI decreased, while AaDO2 increased at T5 in groupⅡ(P<0.05). Conclusion The high level of IL-17 promotes the formation of pulmonary hypertension in congenital heart disease and leads to the lung injury during CPB, which can be used as a clinical monitoring indicator of evaluating severity.

Observation of IL-17 levels of perioperative period in congenital heart disease patients with pulmonary hypertension / 天津医药

Objective To discuss the changes and significance of interleukin-17 (IL-17) in perioperative period of congenital heart disease patients with pulmonary hypertension. Methods A total of forty patients with congenital heart disease underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were included in this study. According to the pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), patients were divided into non-pulmonary hypertension group (group Ⅰ, PASP < 30 mmHg) and pulmonary hypertension group (groupⅡ, PASP≥30 mmHg). Blood samples were taken before anesthesia (T1), start CPB (T2), 30 min after CPB (T3), 6 h (T4), 24 h (T5) and 7 d (T6) after operation. The concentration of IL-17 was detected by ELISA. Arterial oxygen partial pressure [p(O2)] and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure [p(CO2)] during the first five time points were recorded. Oxygen index (OI) and alveolar arterial oxygen tension difference (AaDO2) were calculated. Results The plasma IL-17 levels in perioperative period were significantly higher in group Ⅱ than those of group Ⅰ (P < 0.05). The highest concentration of IL-17 emerged at T3, then decreased gradually in both groups. At this time point, the OI decreased, and AaDO2 increased significantly in both groups. Compared with groupⅠ, the OI decreased, while AaDO2 increased at T5 in groupⅡ(P<0.05). Conclusion The high level of IL-17 promotes the formation of pulmonary hypertension in congenital heart disease and leads to the lung injury during CPB, which can be used as a clinical monitoring indicator of evaluating severity.

Effects of estrogen and phytoestrogens on endometrial leakage in ovariectomized rats and the related mechanisms / 生理学报

Phytoestrogens, a group of plant-derived non-steroidal compounds that can behave as estrogens by binding to estrogen receptors, have drawn great attention for their potentially beneficial effects on human health. However, there are few studies investigating the potential side effects of phytoestrogens on the reproductive system. The present study was to elucidate the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and phytoestrogens genistein (Gen), resveratrol (Res), and phloretin (Phl) on eosinophilic infiltration of the ovariectomized rat uterus and endometrial vascular permeability, and to analyze the underlying mechanisms. The ovariectomized rats received daily subcutaneous injections of E2, E2+P4, P4, Gen, Res, Phl, or an equivalent volume of vehicle for 21 days, and sham-operated animals (Sham rats) were used as the controls. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed a marked increase in uterine eosinophilic infiltrations in ovariectomized rats treated with E2, E2+P4 or P4, which was associated with increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) proteins as determined by immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis. However, all three phytoestrogens had no markedly effect on the uterine eosinophilic infiltration and the expressions of VEGF, NF-κB, and TNF-α in the uterus of ovariectomized rats. Our data demonstrate that E2 alone or in combination with P4 increases uterine eosinophilic infiltration which is related with vascular hyperpermeability caused by VEGF, NF-κB and TNF-α, whereas phytoestrogens Gen, Res, and Phl, have no such an effect.

Influence of menstrual and reproductive factors on the risk of lung cancer / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Hypothesis showed that women have higher risks of lung cancer than men when given similar levels of tobacco exposure, implying that sex-related hormones might have a role to play. The study is to identify the influence of female hormones on risk of lung cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We evaluated the association between lung cancer risk and menstrual/reproductive factors on a subset of self-responding females in a population based case-control study in Eastern Gansu, 1994 - 1998. The analysis included 109 lung cancer cases and 435 controls selected from the census list and matched to cases on age and prefecture.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Odds ratios were lower for later ages at menarche (trend, P = 0.015) and later ages at menopause (trend, P = 0.074).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Despite limitations, these findings suggested a possible role related to hormones in the etiology of lung cancer in females.</p>