On acupoints / 中国针灸

Acupoint is the basis of acupuncture. To elaborate the theory of acupuncture, the structure and function of acupoint should be clarified in advance. By exploring the discussion upon the classification, distribution and structure of acupoint in Huangdi Neijing (Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor), qi zheng lun (on meridian points and extra points), jie jiao lun (on convergence of joints) and guan ji lun (on three-dimensional structure of acupoint) are extracted. Based on whether located on the fixed sites, acupoints are classified into meridian points and extra points, while the meridian points are divided into 4 categories, i.e maishu, gukong, qixue and muxue. The convergence of joints illustrates the principal rule of acupoint distribution. The density of the major and key acupoints is proportional to the size and the complexity of function of joints. Acupoint is recognized as a three-dimensional structure in consideration of its external distribution on the body surface and the substances inside the body, which can be explored and examined. In addition, the relationship between meridian points and extra points, the significance of meridian points in different conditions, and the approaches to acupoint study are deeply discussed and analyzed. The crucial problems and the way for solving them are proposed for the future study to provide the references to the inheritance and innovation of acupuncture.

Evolution of acupuncture techniques for jin diseases and the rise and fall of jingjin doctrine / 中国针灸

It has the important enlightenment and reference significance for the inheritance and innovation of jin (sinew/fascia) diseases and its theoretic basis, jingjin (muscle region of meridian) doctrine by sorting out the origin of the acupuncture techniques for jin diseases and exploring the root of its rise and fall. Using context analysis, overall investigation and practice test, the paper elaborates the basic concepts, e.g. needling techniques for jin, jingjin, jinji (muscular contracture) and jiejin (knotted tendon), and jingjin doctrine. In particular, the three key concepts, i.e. fanzhen jieci (heating after needling), yizhi weishu (feelings from patients and acupuncture operators) and yitong weishu (the worst painful sites of muscle spasm) are deeply investigated. These three concepts, involved in the treatment of jingjin disorders, treatment principles and methods, are of a great controversy in the current academic circle. The author clarified the category of needling for jin disease and main needling techniques, investigated specially the origin of fanzhen jieci and guancifa (repeated needling directly on the foci), and explored the evolution of the needling methods that had been controversial or neglected for a long time, i.e. neire cifa (technique for inducing heat inside for cold obstruction), guancifa, tiaocifa (inserting the needles around the foci), fencifa (intramuscular needling) and mucifa (deep puncturing to the peritoneum or on front-mu points). Finally, from the relationship between jin and mai (meridian), and the differences between dry needling and acupuncture technique for jin diseases, the author explored the crucial problems and countermeasures urgently required in the future development of jingjin doctrine so as to provide the references for the theoretical innovation of acupuncture- moxibustion science.

Interpretation of China national standard Nomenclature and Location of Meridian Points (GB/T 12346-2021) / 中国针灸

To cooperate with the popularization and application of the China national standard Nomenclature and Location of Meridian Points (GB/T 12346 -2021), this study introduced the differences between the 2021 version and the 2006 version, and explained the principles of the revision and the changes in the standard name, terminology, definition and the expression of meridian points' body regions. In addition, the revision of the specific contents, including the adjustment of "bone proportional cun" of several meridian points and the revision basis of location of some meridian points were explained.

Masterpiece of reconstruction of theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine-revelation of / 中国针灸

For the first time, at the early Ming Dynasty, the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are integrated with clinical diagnosis and treatment system in

Footprints on the foundation road of Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in seventy years / 中国针灸

The exploration and representative achievements of Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences are reviewed during the past 70 years since its foundation in the basic research field, e.g. theoretic innovation, literature research, cultural relic study and museum construction, as well as acupuncture-moxibustion standardization. Besides, the analysis is conducted on the relevant aspects that needs to be improved or enhanced. Facing the future and reviewing the original aspiration, the approaches to the new journey of inheritance and innovation in Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion have been explored, i.e. discovering rules, creating innovation methods, constructing platform and refining essence.

Objective, approach and symbolic achievement of the standardization on extraordinary points / 中国针灸

Through sorting out the development of meridian points and the standardization of extraordinary points in dynasties, two objectives are discovered in the standardization of extraordinary points starting from the Tang Dynasty. The points with extraordinary effect are selected points and transferred to meridian points and the commonly-used key points are selected and developed to be standardized acupoints. Hence, 3 approaches are summarized. Approach No.1: a large number of "meridian-outside" points that are the potential supplementation but not included yet in meridian points are supplemented to meridian points. Approach No.2: based on the specified requirement, the key points are selected from the acupoints with determined locations and names, which is developed to be the standard of acupoints. Approach No.3: the acupoints with extraordinary effect are selected from the "meridian-outside" points and these points are collected for the formulation of the standard of extraordinary points. The latter two approaches provide for the development direction of teaching and standardization in the future.

Study on the biceps brachii microcirculation blood flow reserve capacity of the Chinese rowers / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of chronic endurance exercise on microcirculatory reserve capacity of biceps brachii in Chinese rowers and provide a certain basis for the date standard foundation of monitoring of functional status and the foundation of database of reserve capacity of blood of Chinese rowers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Empty stomach in the morning, 77 rowers from different groups and 24 common health people were noninvasive tested by using PeriFlux System 5000, the test indexes include the microcirculatory reserve capacity and other related indexes of biceps brachii. The test sites of all athletes were the same space in biceps brachii of the right side of body, there was no space differences of all athletes . All athletes were tested in the relatively stable functional status, common people were healthy. The test value included basic values and heating values, put the before and after heating of microcirculatory blood perfusion (MBP) as the microcirculatory reserve capacity.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Heavyweight female (198. 97 ± 98. 81) > heavyweight male (183. 45 ± 64. 31) > lightweight male (151. 01 ± 65. 96) > lightweight female(140.53 ± 43.22) > common male people(127.21 ± 56.38) > common female people(103.54 ± 33.41), the microcirculatory reserve capacity of each group athletes were higher than common people, except the comparison between lightweight female and common male people, and there was no significant difference among the different group athletes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Chronic endurance exercise can improve the microcirculatory reserve capacity of rowers, especially the heavyweight rowers; the normal value of microcirculatory reserve capacity of heavy weight rowers should be more than 160, and lightweight rowers should be more than 120. There was no significant difference among different sex athletes, if the value of microcirculatory reserve capacity is significant lower than normal, it shows that athletes are in the state of fatigue.</p>

On mistakes in contemporary literatures of extra points in China / 中国针灸

Contemporary literatures which are taken as the base of literature study of extra points are insufficient and lack of reliability. The foundation of study is very weak. Based on abundant firsthand materials, analyses are made on the major problems of confounded names and locations, unclear quotation and source of reference in the study of contemporary literatures of extra points. Meanwhile, methods and way of thinking for solving the above mentioned problems are discussed in this article as well.

Analysis of the nominations of acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine for inscription on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity / 中国针灸

The definition of intangible cultural heritage and the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in Convention for Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage is discussed. Nominations of elements should be prepared in accordence with the Guidelines provided in each section. The explaination methods and the determining process of the Nominations for Acupuncture and Moxibustion on the Representative List are analyzed, such as the name of the element, characteristics, identification and definition, value and safeguarding measures, photos and video of the element. The Nominations should be prepared according to the Convention and Guidelines closedly and focus on discussing the cultural, the content, the communities and individuals, safeguarding measures of element.

Editorial explanation on the state standard The Name and Location of Acupoints (2006, edition) / 中国针灸

To tie in with extension and application of The Name and Location of Acupoints (GB 12346-2006), the present paper introduces the difference between The Name and Location of Acupoints (GB 12346-2006) and Location of Points (GB 12346-90), and expounds the changes of standard name, body position and term of direction when locating the acupoint and stylistic rules, and introduces the revision of concrete contents which include setting of primary standard acupoints, regulation of bone-length measurement, regulation of the nomenclature of some meridians and meridian acupoints, the location of some meridian acupoints and regulation of some acupoints, some main problems which needed to be further studied are also explores.

Key problems for the study of standardization of acupoint indications / 中国针灸

The present paper analyzes 3 key problems influencing the study of standardization of acupoint indications, i.e. identification and selection of literatures, comprehensive usage of literatures, and selection of acupoint indications, and puts forward principles and methods for treating problems of this link through concrete samples.

Standard expression of indications of acupoints / 中国针灸

The present paper systematically investigates basic characteristics and development law of acupoint indication expression, and put forward on the basis that expression standards based on standardization, expression style of acupoint indication expression reflecting acup-moxibustion own law, that is, summarization by treatment ranges and expression style by example of typical diseases.

Study on the indications of acupoints presented in verses of acupuncture and moxibustion / 中国针灸

This paper focuses on the indications of acupoints presented in the verses of acupuncture and moxibustion. In order to redress the distorts and misunderstanding occurred during the process of the recording, impartment and re-creation of these verses, this paper proposes several ways for systematizing and studying the indications of acupoints presented in the verses of acupuncture and moxibustion, including: (1) the use of annotation of the verses; (2) comparison between literatures of same origin; (3) tracing the original literature; (4) comparison with acupoint literature; (5) application of digital literature system. This paper illustrates that multi-methods should be adopted in this research, and only by these, it is possible to better understand and inherit the legacy in verses on acupuncture and moxibustion.

Research on comprehensive methods of acupoint indications in The Yellow Emperor's Mingtang Classic / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the comprehensive methods of acupoint indications in The Yellow Emperor's Mingtang Classic.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on The Yellow Emperor's Mingtang Classic recovered and edited by Prof. HUANG Long-xiang, the characteristics of acupoint indications in The Yellow Emperor's Mingtang Classic was analyzed. On this basis and in combination with typical examples, it was mainly analyzed how to correctly understand the original intention and meaning of acupoint indications in The Yellow Emperor's Mingtang Classic.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>To understand acupoint indications in The Yellow Emperor's Mingtang Classic, it should be taken apart layer upon layer successively, and then identify four contents: acupuncture prescriptions and acupoint indications, different components of acupoint indications, syndrome groups, names of diseases and symptoms.</p>