Developmental and histological studies of fungiform papillae in fetal human tongue

This study was designed to evaluate the histological development of fungiform papillae of human tongue during the prenatal period. Lateral Sagittal sections were taken at autopsy from the anterior two-third of 18 aborted fetuses of 8, 10, 12, and 20 weeks of gestations and 2 stillborn infants at 40 weeks of gestation. Twenty specimens were prepared in paraffin and stained for histological study. The gestational ages were calculated after measuring the Crown Rump Length [C.R.L.]. It was found that the first appearance of fungiform papillae was nearly about the 10th week of gestation, before the appearance of filiform papillae, most of the developed fungiform papillae were cylindrical in shaped with appearance of nerve plexus, at 12th week they reached mushroom shaped with narrow base and broad apex and became differentiated into primary and secondary papillae, also presumptive taste buds were noticed at this age in the form of multiple local thickening of papillary epithelium. At 20th week of gestation the taste buds became more developed, the papillae appeared more vascular. At full term [40th week] the fungi form papillae reached full maturity. It is concluded that this study suggests that the development of fungi form papillae requires an epithelial and mesenchymal interaction during morphogenesis

Effect of diazepam on the prenatal development of neuropil of the purkinje cell layer of the cerebellar cortex of the rats embryo [electron microscope study]

Diazepam is one of the most widely used sedative hypnotic agents, and many women take this drug during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of diazepam on the development of the neuropil of the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellar cortex. Twenty female pregnant rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into two groups, the first group [5 rats] was used as control group and the second group [15 rats] were given 10 mg/kg/day of diazepam orally and sacrificed at 15th, 20th, 25th days of pregnancy. It was difficult to differentiate between the dendrites and the axonal knobs at 15th day of pregnancy. As age advanced, the dendrites were swollen with absence of cytoplasmic organelles or contained few free ribosomes and immature mitochondria. The observed axonal knobs contained ill-defined synaptic vesicles. Immature axo-dendritic synapses were recognized on the 15th and 20th days of pregnancy, while on the 25th days of pregnancy symmetrical axo-dendritic synapses were recognized. From this study, it appears that the exposure to diazepam causes marked changes on prenatal development of neuropil of the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellar cortex

Aim of the work: the aim of the work was to study the effects of diazepam on the development of the neuropil of Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellar cortex

protective effect of vitamin c on irradiated testes of albino rat

The increased exposure to radiation in medicine or industries increases the hazards of radiation on various organs of the human body. The aim of this work was to evaluate the protective effect of anti oxidant [vitamin C] against the effect of radiation on rat testes. Thirty adult albino rats were divided into three groups, each contained ten rats .The first group [G.1] was exposed to 415 r [G.1'] or 622 r [G.1"] using x-ray source for one minute per day for one week. The second group [G.2] was exposed to 415 r [G.2'] or 622 r [G.2"] using x-ray source for one minute per day for one week, in addition to vitamin C equivalent to 86.9 mg./liter orally for the two sub groups for the same period . The third group [G.3] was a control group. The examined testes of G.1 showed damaged germinal epithelium with remaining some layers of spermatogonia. There was no affection of spermatocytes, mature sperms, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells, the lumen contained little sperms and debris of germ cells [G.1'] .While for [G.1"] there was marked damage of the seminiferous tubules with irregular outline, destruction of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids with pyknotic type of nuclear degeneration and the lumen was devoid of mature sperms. The examined testes of the [G.2] showed evidence of almost complete recovery for G .2' and marked recovery for G.2". It is concluded that anti oxidants were essential to patients exposed to x-ray , to guard against its hazards