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@#At present,malignant tumor has become one of the public problems that seriously threaten human health. In addition to surgery,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,targeted therapy and other methods,with the development of molecular biology,immunotherapy has also developed rapidly,becoming an emerging method of cancer treatment. The most commonly used immune cells in clinical treatment are DC,NK,CIK,CTL and chimeric antigen receptor T cell(CAR-T). Among them,CAR-T technology is the initial technology for global research,while due to its off-target,neurotoxicity,transfection vector defects and other problems,it also has certain limitations in clinical application. T cell antigen coupler modified T cell(TAC-T)technology is a new technology developed on the basis of CAR-T,which uses natural T cell receptor(TCR)to modify T cells and retarget the antigen of cancer cells. In this paper,the research status of CAR-T technology and the research progress of TAC-T technology are reviewed in order to provide reference for further study on the mechanism of TAC-T technology and its safety of clinical application.
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Stereotactic biopsies for lesions in the brainstem and deep brain are rare. This study aimed to summarize our 6-year experience in the accurate diagnosis of lesions in the brain stem and deep brain and to discuss the technical note and strategies. From December 2011 to January 2018, 72 cases of intracranial lesions in the brainstem or deep in the lobes undergoing stereotactic biopsy were retrospectively reviewed. An individualized puncture path was designed based on the lesion's location and the image characteristics. The most common biopsy targets were deep in the lobes (43 cases, 59.7%), including frontal lobe (33 cases, 45.8%), temporal lobe (4 cases, 5.6%), parietal lobe (3 cases, 4.2%), and occipital lobe (3 cases, 4.2 %). There were 12 cases (16.7%) of the brainstem, including 8 cases (11.1%) of midbrain, and 4 cases (5.6%) of pons or brachium pontis. Other targets included internal capsule (2 cases, 2.8%), thalamus (3 cases, 4.2%), and basal ganglion (12 cases, 16.7%). As for complications, one patient developed acute intracerebral hemorrhage in the biopsy area at 2 h post-operation, and one patient had delayed intracerebral hemorrhage at 7 days post-operation. The remaining patients recovered well after surgery. There was no surgery-related death. The CT-MRI-guided stereotactic biopsy of lesions in the brainstem or deep in the brain has the advantages of high safety, accurate diagnosis, and low incidence of complications. It plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of atypical, microscopic, diffuse, multiple, and refractory lesions.