Epigenetic characterization of the H19/IGF2 locus in calf clones placenta / Caracterização epigenética do locus H19/IGF2 na placenta de bezerros clones

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT-Cloning) is a promising technique in many areas and is based on genetically identical individuals. However, its efficiency is low. Studies suggest that the leading cause is inadequate epigenetic reprogramming. This study aimed to characterize the methylation pattern of the exon 10 regions of the IGF2 gene and the Imprinting Control Region (ICR) of the H19 gene in the placenta of cloned calves. For this study, female and male cloned calves presenting different phenotypes were used. Genomic DNA from these animals' placenta was isolated, then treated with sodium bisulfite and amplified to the ICR/H19 and IGF2 loci. PCR products were cloned into competent bacteria and finally sequenced. A significant difference was found between controls and clones with healthy phenotypes for the ICR/H19 region. In this region, controls showed a hemimethylated pattern, as predicted in the literature due to this region has an imprinted control, while clones were showed less methylated. For the IGF2, no significant differences were found between controls and clones. These results suggest that different genomic regions in the genome may be independently reprogrammed and that failures in reprogramming the DNA methylation patterns of imprinted genes may be one of the causes of the low efficiency of SCNT.(AU)

A Transferência Nuclear de Células Somáticas (TNCS-Clonagem) é uma técnica promissora em várias áreas, e se baseia na produção de indivíduos geneticamente idênticos. No entanto, sua eficiência é baixa. Estudos sugerem que a principal causa seja uma reprogramação epigenética inadequada. O objetivo desse trabalho é caracterizar o padrão de metilação da região éxon 10 do gene IGF2 e da Região Controladora de Imprinting (ICR) do gene H19 na placenta de bezerros clonados. Para a execução do trabalho foram selecionados clones bovinos fêmeas e machos, apresentando diferentes fenótipos. O DNA da placenta desses animais foi extraído, e em seguida foi tratado com bissulfito de sódio e amplificado para os loci ICR/H19 e IGF2. Os produtos da PCR foram clonados em bactérias competentes e, por fim, sequenciados. Foi encontrada uma diferença significativa entre os controles e os clones com fenótipos saudáveis para a região da ICR/H19. Nesta região, os controles tiveram um padrão hemimetilado, como previsto pela literatura, devido essa região ser imprinted. Enquanto os clones encontravam-se menos metilados. Para a região do éxon 10 do IGF2, não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre controles e clones. Estes resultados sugerem que as diferentes regiões do genoma podem se reprogramar independente umas das outras e que falhas na reprogramação do padrão de metilação do DNA de genes imprinted podem ser uma das causas da baixa eficiência da TNCS.(AU)

Causas de hospitalización del adulto con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Causes of hospitalization in older adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Introducción: El propósito del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de causas de hospitalización del adulto con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Metodología: El diseño fue de tipo epidemiológico, por encuesta de prevalencia. La muestra fue a través del censo de pacientes que ingresaron a un hospital de segundo nivel. Las mediciones fueron: la cédula de identificación del paciente dividida en tres apartados: datos sociodemográficos, datos clínicos y datos de hospitalización para estimar la prevalencia. Cuestionario de Identificación de Trastornos por uso de Alcohol (AUDIT) y el cuestionario del uso de Tabaco de Fagerstrom. Resultados: Corresponden a 40 adultos hospitalizados (50% hombres y 50% mujeres). Al estimar de prevalencia por causa de hospitalización, se posicionó el pie diabético con 45% como principal, seguido de la insuficiencia renal crónica con el 40%. El consumo de alcohol y tabaco no se relacionó con la causa de hospitalización. Conclusiones: Las complicaciones que llevan a la hospitalización son importantes de valorar por el personal de enfermería, debido a la complejidad que presentan éstas, lo cual amerita intervenciones de tipo preventivo que ayuden disminuir el problema.

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to determine the hospitalization prevalence causes of an adult with diabetes mellitus type 2. Methodology: The design was of an epidemiological type, by a survey of prevalence. The sample went through the census of patients that entered to a hospital of second level. The measurements were by: The decree of identiication of the patient divided into three sections: Social demographic data, clinical data and data of hospitalization to reckon the prevalence. The Identiication questionnaire were by the use of Alcohol (AUDIT) and the use of Tobacco of Fagerstrom. Results: They correspond to 40 hospitalized adults (50% men and 50% women). Upon reckoning of prevalence because of hospitalization, the diabetic foot with 45% was positioned like main, followed by the chronic kidney failure with a 40%. The consumption of alcohol and tobacco did not relate to the cause of hospitalization. Conclusions: The complications that carry to the hospitalization are important to signiicance for the nursing personnel, due to the complexity that represent these, which deserves a search of preventive measures to help to diminish the problem.

Calidad de vida en niños y adolescentes con asma en una población mexicana / Quality of life in children and teenagers disgnosed with asthma in a Mexican population

Introducción: El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la calidad de vida de niños y adolescentes con asma en la esfera biopsicosocial en una población mexicana. Metodología: Diseño del estudio descriptivo y correlacional. Muestreo no probabilístico, por conveniencia. Muestra de 108 participantes. Las mediciones fueron: Inventario de Calidad de Vida PedsQLTM y cedula de datos sociodemográficos. Resultados: el 81.4% de los participantes reportaron tres a más años de padecer asma, se identificó que 35.2% habían estado internados de una a dos veces en el último año. Las subescalas de funcionamiento físico (33.27%) y la emocional (33.24%) son más altas que la social y la escolar. La consistencia interna del instrumento PedsQLTM es aceptable con un Alpha de Cronbach de .86. Conclusiones: La media de calidad de vida de niños y adolescentes es alta en las subescalas de funcionalidad física y emocional. El Instrumento de Calidad de Vida en Pediatría, reportó confiabilidad aceptable y puede utilizarse en población mexicana. Se recomienda considerar en estudios con población pediátrica sean realizados en diversos periodos del año para precisar mejor la variable.

Quality of life in children and teenagers with asthma in a Mexican town Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of children and teenagers with asthma on the biopsychosocial sphere in a Mexican town. Methodology: Design of descriptive study and co relational, not probabilistic sample for convenience. A sample with 108 participants. The measurements were: quality life inventory PedsQL and social demographic data schedule. Results: 81.4% of participants reported 3 thru more years suffering asthma, a 35.2% was indentified were in hospitals once to twice during the last year. The sub-scales of physical functioning (33.27%) and emotional (33.24%) are higher than social and scholar. The internal consistency of the instrument PedsQL is acceptable with an alpha Cronbach of .86. Conclusions: The average of quality of life of children and teenagers is high on the sub-scales of physical functionality and emotional. The quality of life in pediatrics instrument, reported acceptable trust and can be used on Mexican population. Is recommended to consider in studies with pediatric population to be made in different seasons of the year to precise the variable.

Estilo de Vida y Control Glucémico en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 de una Institución de Seguridad Social de Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas / Lifestyle and Glycemic Control in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus a Social Security Institution Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas

IIntroducción: El propósito del estudio fue determinar la relación entre los estilos de vida y el control metabólico del paciente medido a través del examen hemoglobina glucosilada. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo-correlacional. Muestreo por conveniencia. Muestra de 90 usuarios del programa de diabetes. Las mediciones fueron: Cuestionario de Responsabilidad en Salud y examen de hemoglobina glucosilada. Resultados: La responsabilidad en salud no se relacionó con el control metabólico de hemoglobina glucosilada del paciente (rs=.039, p=.719). La hemoglobina glucosilada reportó media de 13.32; observando que 95% de los pacientes tuvieron mal control metabólico. La evaluación de la responsabilidad en salud por medio de la hemoglobina glucosilada fue bajo (media= 49.71) y la media del examen fue de 13.32; 95% de los pacientes tuvieron mal control metabólico. La percepción de la calidad se relacionó significativamente con el control metabólico (rs=.282, p=.007). Se relacionó también positivamente la edad con la percepción de la calidad (rs=.260, p=.014). Conclusiones: Existe un bajo cumplimiento de la responsabilidad en salud del paciente para el control de la enfermedad, lo que es evidente con las altas cifras de hemoglobina glucosilada; la consistencia del instrumento fue aceptable, se recomienda ampliar la validez del mismo.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determinate the relationship among the life styles and metabolic control in the measured patient through the gloucosic hemoglobin test. Methodology: descriptive co-related study. Sample convenient, 90 users sample in the diabetes program. The measurements were: Responsibility questionnaire in health and glucose hemoglobin test. Results: Health responsibility not related with metabolic control of patient's glucose hemoglobin (rs=.039, p=.719). Glucose hemoglobin reported an average of 13.32; 95% of the patients with bad metabolic control. Health responsibility evaluation by glucose hemoglobin low (average= 49.71) and average test 13.32; 95% of the patients had bad metabolic control. The quality perception was significant related with metabolic control (rs=.282,p=.007). Was also positively related the age with quality perception (rs=.260,p=.014). Conclusions: There's a low accomplishment of patient's health responsibility to the disease control, what's evident with high rates of glucose hemoglobin; the instrument's consistency was acceptable, it's recommended to enlarge the validation itself.

Relación de los factores personales biológicos, socioculturales y apoyo social con la responsabilidad en salud a pacientes con Tuberculosis pulmonar / List of personal factors biological, cultural and social support with responsibility for health patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

Introducción: El propósito fue conocer la relación entre factores personales biológicos, socioculturales y el apoyo social con la conducta promotora de salud de responsabilidad en salud. Metodología: Diseño descriptivo-correlacional, muestreo no probabilístico, muestra de 80 sujetos que terminaron el tratamiento. Recolección de la información con una cédula y dos instrumentos de medición con Alpha de Cronbach aceptable. Resultados: Se observó correlación negativa y significativa entre la edad con el apoyo emocional (rs=-.426,p<.001), como con el apoyo tangible (rs=-.436,p<=.001). Se encontró correlación negativa y significativa del índice de masa corporal con el apoyo emocional (rs=-.27,p=.01), y el apoyo tangible (rs=-.22,p=.04). Se encontró correlación positiva y significativa de los años de escolaridad con el apoyo emocional (rs=.42,p=<.001), y el apoyo tangible (rs=.39,p=<.001). El modelo de regresión lineal múltiple de escolaridad, nivel socioeconómico y ocupación mostró efecto significativo sobre la responsabilidad en salud (Fc=2.83,p=.03) con una variación explicada del 13%. Conclusiones: Los factores personales biológicos y socioculturales tienen relación con las influencias interpersonales. Se encontró efecto significativo de los factores socioculturales con la responsabilidad en salud. No se encontró efecto significativo de los factores biológicos con el resultado conductual; y del apoyo social con la responsabilidad en salud.

Introduction: The purpose was to know the relationship among personal, biological and social-cultural factors and the social support with the promote behaviour of health responsibility. Methodology: Descriptive co-related design, non probabilistic sampler, 80 subjects finishing treatment, information collection with schedule and two measurement instruments with Cronbach's Alpha acceptable. Results: Co-relation negative observed and significant between the age with emotional support (rs=-.426,p<.001), as tangible support (rs=-.436,p<.001). Co-relation negative and significant observed with the corporal mass index with the emotional support (rs=-.27,p=.01) and tangible support (rs=-.22,p=.04). Found positive and significant co-relation of the scholarship with the emotional support (rs=.42,p=<.001), and tangible support (rs=.39,p=<.001). Multiple lineal regression of scholarship model, social-economiclevel and living showed significant effect over health responsibility (Fc=2.83,p=.03) with 13%explained variation. Conclusions: The personal, biological and social-cultural factors are related with the interpersonal influences. Significant effect found in social-cultural factors with health responsibility. Significant effect not found with biological factors with conduct result; and the social support with health responsibility.