Use of endoglin [CD 105] as a marker for diagnosis and prognosis of prostatic cancer

To determine serum endoglin [CD 105] levels in cases of prostatic cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia Also, to evaluate its role in the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. This study included 70 patients and 12 normal control individuals. Measurement of serum PSA was performed for cases of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH] while measurement of serum endoglin was performed for all patients and control individuals. These cases were classified into 3 groups. Group I included 42 patients with prostate cancer, the criteria for diagnosis were digital rectal examination [DRE] of irregular abnormal hard nodule/ nodules in the prostate or PSA > 4 ng /ml. The diagnosis wits confirmed by trans- rectal ultrasouand [TRUS] biopsy. According to Gleason's score, these patients were further classified into Grade II and III. Group II included 28 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH].Group III included 12 healthy men as control group. Serum CD 105 concentration was estimated by using human endolin ELISA kit. There was a significant difference in PSA levels prostate cancer [mean 32.4 +/- 30.85 ng/ml] BPH [mean 2.84 +/- 1.67 ng/ml]. The mean values of CD 105 were 5.29, 2.12 and 0.15 ne/ml in group I, II and III [controls], respectively. The mean value of CD 105 in each group was significantly different from the other groups. In group I. the mean value of CD 105 of' grade III was 7.5 ng/ml and was significantly higher than that [4.89 ng/ml] of grade II prostate cancer. There was a significant correlation between CD 105 and PSA levels in prostate cancer. It was found that the cut of serum endoglin was 2.65 ng/ml for diagnosis of cancer prostate. Endoglin [CD105] has a critical role in the diagnosis and prognosis of cases of prostate cancer and it can be used as a marker for diagnosis of these cases

relationship between HLA-DR and prostate cancer

To determine the etiologie relationship between HLA class II [DR] and cancer prostate and its pattern on B lymphocytes of patients with prostate cancer patients and normal individuals by using INNO-LiPA technique. Thirty patients having cancer prostate were included whatever the age of patients, grade or stage of the disease and before any medical or surgical intervention and 60 normal persons. All the patients passed within the planned program such as complete history taking with clinical examination including digital rectal examination [DRE]. Laboratory investigations as complete blood picture, hepatic and renal function tests, serum prostatic specific antigen [PSA] and HLA typing for prostate cancer patients and healthy controls. Imaging tests as chest X-ray, abdomino-pelvic ultrasound and transrectal ultrasound [TRUS]. Histopathological examination of prostatic biopsy guided by TRUS. Our results revealed that the antigen of HLA-DRB4 was found in 10 patients [33.3%] with a relative risk of 1.4. X[2] of 0.16 and p value of 0.053 compared to [26.7%] of control group which is statistically significant. The antigen HLA-DRB-0406 was found in 4 patients [13.3%] with relative risk of 4.9, X[2] of 4.6 and p value of 0.044 compared to 3% of control group which is statistically significant. The antigen HLA-DRB1-0410 was found in I patients [6.7%] with a relative risk of 3.5, of 5.97 and p value of 0.043 compared to 2% of control group which is statistically significant. The antigen HLA-DRB 1405 was found in 2 patients [6.7%] with a relative risk of 2.7. X[2] of 5.03 and p value of 0.041 compared to 2.7% of control group which is statistically significant. HLA typing showed that HLA-DR alleles frequency in prostate cancer patients compared with normal persons is high. Beside its role as a risk factor for acquiring the disease, it could be used as a marker for early detection, to determine the biological behavior and activity of the tumor, prognostic marker and in choice of the appropriate line of treatment

Role and impact of changes of seminal plasma cytokines in male infertility

The present study was aimed to measure the levels of seminal plasma cytokines including tumor necrosis factor - alpha [TNF-alpha], interferon- gamma [INF- gamma], interleukin 8 [IL-8] and interleukin 6 [IL-6] in infertile and fertile males. It is aimed also to determine the relationship of seminal cytokines with semen quality. The study was performed upon 10 normal healthy and 30 adult men complaining of primary infertility in spite of regular vaginal coitus with intra-vaginal ejaculation and the duration of marriage was more than one year ago. Cases were classified equally into 4 groups according to history taking, clinical findings and semen examination. Group 1 [control] comprised of fertile adult men with sperm count >20 x 10 6 sperm/cc. Group II was infertile adult men with varicocele and oligospermia. Group III included infertile adult men with genitourinary tract infection with oligospermia. Group IV was infertile adult men with azospermia. TNF-alpha, INF-gamma, IL-8 and IL-6 concentrations in seminal plasma were determined using high sensitivity ELISA kits specific for each cytokine separately. Seminal levels of TNF-alpha, INF-gamma, IL-8 and IL-6 were significantly higher in oligospermia with genitourinary infection than the other groups while the azospermic group showed the lowest seminal levels of cytokines. There are a significant and positive correlation between both TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-8 and some abnormal parameters in semen analysis which actually leads to infertility. These parameters are percentage of immotile sperms, sluggish sperms and abnormal forms of sperms. IL-6 was significantly correlated with leukocytic count/HPF. Seminal plasma cytokines were significantly increased in oligospermic patients with genitourinary infection. They play an important role in male infertility as there are positive correlation between their levels in seminal plasma and different abnormalities in semen analysis. Their measurement in seminal plasma seems to be a sensitive and useful marker for infection/inflammation of the genital tract