Cloning and expression analysis of two photosynthetic genes, psi-h and lhcb1, under trehalose feeding conditions in arabidipsis seedlings

Trehalose [alpha-D-glucosyl-[1, 1]-alpha-D-glucopyranoside] is involved in mechanisms that coordinate metabolism with plant growth adaptation and development. The main objective of the current work was to find out whether trehalose feeding affects the expression of two genes involved in photosynthesis: one gene coding for photosystem1 subunit H [PS1-H] and the other for the light harvesting complex B1 [LHCB1]. In this study, Arabidopsis seeds were grown on one-half strength medium supplemented with 100 mM trehalose or sorbitol [as osmotic control] for 2 weeks.Trehalose-fed seedlings showed inhibited root growth, delayed emergence of primary cotyledons and darkrimmed cotyledons. Exogenously applied trehalose strongly induced starch accumulation in cotyledons and, concomitantly, depletion of starch in collumella cells of the root cap. Gene expression analysis of photosynthetic genes in Arabidopsis seedlings revealed that trehalose feeding repressed PS1-H and LHCB1expression as compared to sorbitol-fed seedlings. To confirm trehalose inhibitory effect on photosynthetic gene expression, the cDNA of PS1-H and LHCB1 was used to transform Arabidopsis seedlings. Transformed lines showed higher transcript levels of PS1-H and LHCB1.Trehalose feeding also reduced expression levels of PS1-H and LHCB1 in transformed lines. These findings show that trehalose down-regulates the expression of two genes encoding typical components of the photosynthetic machinery

[ effect of GNRH and naloxone on serum level variations of FSH, LH and testosterone induced by morphine administration in male wistar rats]

With regard to increasing use of opioids and their potential role in infertility research centers around the world are in search of pharmacologic compounds which could neutralize effects of opioids and overcome infertility through administration of GnRH and its analogues which also do not have considerable side effects. In this study male wistar rats weighing 200-250 gr were used. At different intervals [5-10-15 days] 5mg/kg morphine was injected intraperitonneally into the male rats. Then they were divided in 5 groups of 8. The first group contained intact rats, while saline, morphine, naloxone, and fertagyl were injected into the second third, fourth and fifth groups respectively. Then the rats were anesthetized and their bloods were taken for further tests. The results showed that morphine induces loss of testis weight and diameter, loss of weight in rats, and nutritional and behavior changes. Furthermore, a significant changes in the amounts of LH and testosterone hormones was observed in all groups [p<0.05] while no significant change in the amount of FSH was observed. Since the experimental groups into which naloxone and GnRH were injected showed no significant difference, we suggest that naloxone and GnRH be administrated as opioid antagonist to solve the problem of morphine-induced infertility